Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_man-db — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This changes ownership of the system-wide cache files to user <systemitem class="username">bin</systemitem>.
该选项使得系统范围的缓存文件所有者为用户 <systemitem class="username">bin</systemitem>。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_tar — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To test the results, issue:
执行以下命令测试编译结果 (需要约 3 SBU)：
Linux From Scratch/prologue_why — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This package contains the GNU version of yacc (Yet Another Compiler Compiler) needed to build several of the LFS programs.
这个软件包提供了 yacc (Yet Another Compiler Compiler) 的 GNU 版本。一些 LFS 程序的编译过程需要该软件包。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
As a debugging convenience, the functions script also logs all output to <filename>/run/var/bootlog</filename>. Since the <filename class="directory">/run</filename> directory is a tmpfs, this file is not persistent across boots; however, it is appended to the more permanent file <filename>/var/log/boot.log</filename> at the end of the boot process.
为了方便调试，脚本函数会将所有输出记录到 <filename>/run/var/bootlog</filename>。由于 <filename class="directory">/run</filename> 是 tmpfs，这个文件在重新启动时不会被保留。然而，在引导过程结束时，该文件的内容会被附加到更持久的日志文件 <filename>/var/log/boot.log</filename> 的末尾。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_symlinks — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<literal>ATTR{address}</literal> - The value of this keyword is the NIC's MAC address.
<literal>ATTR{address}</literal> - 该键的值是 NIC 的 MAC 地址。
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_xz — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">rm -v $LFS/usr/lib/liblzma.la</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$LFS install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--with-shared</parameter>
<parameter>--without-ada</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This alias is a little tricky because of the quoting and levels of backslash characters. It must be all on a single line. The above command has been split in two for presentation purposes.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Ensure that the <command>ldconfig</command> and <command>sln</command> utilities are installed into <filename class="directory">/usr/sbin</filename>:
 
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_generalinstructions — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Package build instructions
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-w dist</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">ln -sv pkgconf /usr/bin/pkg-config
ln -sv pkgconf.1 /usr/share/man/man1/pkg-config.1</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--disable-failure-tokens</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_less — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To test the results, issue:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Prepare Udev for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
uuidd:x:80:
wheel:x:97:
users:x:999:
nogroup:x:65534:</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
wheel:x:97:
nogroup:x:99:
users:x:999:</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If an executable program or a shared library is overwritten, the processes using the code or data in that program or library may crash. The correct way to update a program or a shared library without causing the process to crash is to remove it first, then install the new version. The <command>install</command> command provided by <application>coreutils</application> has already implemented this, and most packages use that command to install binary files and libraries. This means that you won't be troubled by this issue most of the time. However, the install process of some packages (notably SpiderMonkey in BLFS) just overwrites the file if it exists; this causes a crash. So it's safer to save your work and close unneeded running processes before updating a package.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_consoled — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>echo <literal>FONT=Lat2-Terminus16</literal> &gt; /etc/vconsole.conf</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/vconsole.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>KEYMAP=de-latin1
FONT=Lat2-Terminus16</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-werror \
--enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
--enable-stack-protector=strong \
--disable-nscd \
libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-werror \
--enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
--enable-stack-protector=strong \
--with-headers=/usr/include \
libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter02_hostreqs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The reason for the kernel version requirement is that we specify that version when building <application>glibc</application> in <xref linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> and <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>, so the workarounds for older kernels are not enabled and the compiled <application>glibc</application> is slightly faster and smaller. As at Feb 2024, &min-kernel; is the oldest kernel release still supported by the kernel developers. Some kernel releases older than &min-kernel; may be still supported by third-party teams, but they are not considered official upstream kernel releases; read <ulink url='https://kernel.org/category/releases.html'/> for the details.
内核版本的要求是为了符合第 6 章中编译 <application>glibc</application> 时开发者推荐的配置选项。udev 也要求一定的内核版本。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gawk — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">chown -R tester .
su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make check"</userinput>
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a symbolic link to a directory, typically <filename class="directory">/run/shm</filename>. The /run tmpfs was mounted above so in this case only a directory needs to be created with the correct permissions.
在某些宿主系统上，<filename>/dev/shm</filename> 是一个指向 <filename class="directory">/run/shm</filename> 的符号链接。我们已经在 /run 下挂载了 tmpfs 文件系统，因此在这里只需要创建一个目录。
Linux From Scratch/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
There are several ways to configure the kernel options. Usually, this is done through a menu-driven interface, for example:
有多种配置内核选项的方法。例如，通常我们通过目录驱动的界面完成这一工作：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_lz4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed programs
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This parameter prevents hard coding library search paths (rpath) into the binary executable files and shared libraries. This package does not need rpath for an installation into the standard location, and rpath may sometimes cause unwanted effects or even security issues.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-D man1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 -D man3dir=/usr/share/man/man3</parameter>
<parameter>-Dman1dir=/usr/share/man/man1 -Dman3dir=/usr/share/man/man3</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-D default-dnssec=no</parameter>
<parameter>-Ddefault-dnssec=no</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-D useshrplib</parameter>
<parameter>-des</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=$LFS/tools \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--enable-gprofng=no \
--disable-werror \
--enable-new-dtags \
--enable-default-hash-style=gnu</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=$LFS/tools \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--disable-werror</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_sysvinit — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Contents of SysVinit
Sysvinit 的内容
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--disable-manpages</parameter>
<parameter>--with-rootlibdir=/lib</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter01_whatsnew — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
MarkupSafe-&markupsafe-version;
Man-pages-&man-pages-version;
Linux From Scratch/chapter02_hostreqs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If the host kernel is earlier than &min-kernel; you will need to replace the kernel with a more up-to-date version. There are two ways you can go about this. First, see if your Linux vendor provides a &min-kernel; or later kernel package. If so, you may wish to install it. If your vendor doesn't offer an acceptable kernel package, or you would prefer not to install it, you can compile a kernel yourself. Instructions for compiling the kernel and configuring the boot loader (assuming the host uses GRUB) are located in <xref linkend="chapter-bootable"/>.
如果宿主内核比 &min-kernel; 更早，您需要将内核升级到较新的版本。升级内核有两种方法，如果您的发行版供应商提供了 &min-kernel; 或更新的内核软件包，您可以直接安装它。如果供应商没有提供一个足够新的内核包，或者您不想安装它，您可以自己编译内核。编译内核和配置启动引导器 (假设宿主使用 GRUB) 的步骤在<xref linkend="chapter-bootable"/>中。
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In other host systems <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a mount point for a tmpfs. In that case the mount of /dev above will only create /dev/shm as a directory in the chroot environment. In this situation we must explicitly mount a tmpfs:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--libdir=/usr/lib</parameter>
<parameter>--disable-*</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>mountpoint -q $LFS/dev/shm &amp;&amp; umount $LFS/dev/shm
umount $LFS/dev/pts
umount $LFS/{sys,proc,run,dev}</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If the system has been booted using UEFI, <command>grub-install</command> will try to install files for the <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> target, but those files have not been installed in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>. If this is the case, add <option>--target i386-pc</option> to the command above.
如果系统是使用 UEFI 引导的，<command>grub-install</command> 会试图为 <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> 目标安装文件，但它们并未在第 6 章中安装。如果出现了这类问题，请在以上命令中添加 <option>--target i386-pc</option> 选项。
Linux From Scratch/chapter04_settingenviron — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Many modern Linux distributions have merged <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> and <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>. When this is the case, the standard <envar>PATH</envar> variable should be set to <filename class="directory">/usr/bin/</filename> for the <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> environment. When this is not the case, the following line adds <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> to the path.
许多现代 Linux 发行版合并了 <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>。在这种情况下，标准 <envar>PATH</envar> 变量只需要被设定为 <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename>，即可满足<xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>的环境。否则，后续命令将会增加 <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> 到搜索路径中。
Linux From Scratch/chapter04_addinguser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In some host systems, the following <command>su</command> command does not complete properly and suspends the login for the &lfs-user; user to the background. If the prompt "lfs:~$" does not appear immediately, entering the <command>fg</command> command will fix the issue.
在某些宿主系统上，下面的命令不会正确完成，而会将 lfs 用户的登录会话挂起到后台。如果提示符 “lfs:~$” 没有很快出现，输入 <command>fg</command> 命令以修复这个问题。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_zstd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">rm -v /usr/lib/libzstd.a</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make prefix=/usr install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_man-pages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_iproute2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/doc/iproute2-&iproute2-version;
cp -v COPYING README* /usr/share/doc/iproute2-&iproute2-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/iproute2-&iproute2-version; install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Since Groff is not installed yet, <command>Configure</command> will not create man pages for Perl. These parameters override this behavior.
由于 Groff 还没有安装，<command>Configure</command> 认为我们不需要 Perl 的 man 页面。这些参数覆盖这个判断。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_readline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This option tells Readline that it can find the termcap library functions in the curses library, not a separate termcap library. This will generate the correct <filename>readline.pc</filename> file.
该选项告诉 Readline 它可以在 curses 库中查找 termcap 库函数，而不是单独的termcap 库。这样就能生成正确的 <filename>readline.pc</filename> 文件。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gdbm — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
These prevent building and installing the <systemitem class="library">libuuid</systemitem> and <systemitem class="library">libblkid</systemitem> libraries, the <systemitem class="daemon">uuidd</systemitem> daemon, and the <command>fsck</command> wrapper; util-linux installs more recent versions.
该选项防止 e2fsprogs 构建和安装 <systemitem class="library">libuuid</systemitem> 和 <systemitem class="library">libblkid</systemitem> 库，<systemitem class="daemon">uuidd</systemitem> 守护程序，以及 <command>fsck</command> 包装器，因为 Util-linux 会安装更新的版本。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This prevents Ncurses building and installing debug libraries.
该选项禁止构建系统编译并安装多数静态库。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_binutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Build the gold linker and install it as ld.gold (alongside the default linker).
构建 gold 链接器，并且将它 (和默认链接器一起) 安装为 ld.gold。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--find-links dist</parameter>
<parameter>--root=dest</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_zlib — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove a useless static library:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">make -C libelf install
install -vm644 config/libelf.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig
rm /usr/lib/libelf.a</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make -C libelf install
install -vm644 config/libelf.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig
rm /lib/libelf.a</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The above commands should print the language name, the character encoding used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial before the telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the commands above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means that your locale was either not installed in Chapter&nbsp;8 or is not supported by the default installation of Glibc.
以上命令应该输出语言名称，选定 locale 使用的字符编码，本地货币符号，以及所在国家或地区的国际电话区号。如果以上某个命令失败并输出类似下面这样的消息，意味着您的 locale 在第 6 章中没有安装，或者不被 Glibc 的默认安装支持。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_bootscripts — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This makes Ncurses build and install shared C libraries.
该选项禁止多数静态库的构建和安装。
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">make FILE_COMPILE=$(pwd)/build/src/file</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Work remotely via ssh
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter03_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If the packages and patches are downloaded as a non-&root; user, these files will be owned by the user. The file system records the owner by its UID, and the UID of a normal user in the host distro is not assigned in LFS. So the files will be left owned by an unnamed UID in the final LFS system. If you won't assign the same UID for your user in the LFS system, change the owners of these files to &root; now to avoid this issue:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter01_askforhelp — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Both the screen output and the contents of various files are useful in determining the cause of compilation problems. The screen output from the <command>configure</command> script and the <command>make</command> run can be helpful. It is not necessary to include the entire output, but do include all of the relevant information. Here is an example of the type of information to include from the <command>make</command> screen output.
屏幕上的输出和一些文件的内容对于确认编译错误的原因都很有用。屏幕输出来自于 <command>configure</command> 脚本和 <command>make</command> 命令。您不用附带所有输出内容，只要包含足够相关信息即可。例如，下面是从 <command>make</command> 的屏幕输出中截取的一段：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Instructs pip to put the created wheel into the <filename class='directory'>dist</filename> directory.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_libstdc__ — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Specifies that the cross-compiler we have just built should be used instead of the one in <filename>/usr/bin</filename>.
指定使用我们刚刚构建的交叉编译器，而不是 <filename>/usr/bin</filename> 中的宿主系统编译器。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_flex — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
A few programs do not know about <command>flex</command> yet and try to run its predecessor, <command>lex</command>. To support those programs, create a symbolic link named <filename>lex</filename> that runs <filename>flex</filename> in <command>lex</command> emulation mode, and also create the man page of <command>lex</command> as a symlink:
个别程序还不知道 <command>flex</command>，并试图去运行它的前身 <command>lex</command>。为了支持这些程序，创建一个名为 <filename>lex</filename> 的符号链接，它运行 <filename>flex</filename> 并启动其模拟 <command>lex</command> 的模式：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Contents of Pkgconf
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Disable failure token feature. It's needed for compatibility with the traditional hash libraries of some platforms, but a Linux system based on Glibc does not need it.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_less — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
systemd-journal:x:23:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:
systemd-network:x:76:
systemd-resolve:x:77:
systemd-timesync:x:78:
systemd-coredump:x:79:
uuidd:x:80:
systemd-oom:x:81:
wheel:x:97:
users:x:999:
nogroup:x:65534:</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
systemd-journal:x:23:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:
systemd-network:x:76:
systemd-resolve:x:77:
systemd-timesync:x:78:
systemd-coredump:x:79:
wheel:x:97:
nogroup:x:99:
users:x:999:</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_procps — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">make src_w_LDADD='$(LDADD) -lsystemd'</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">touch /usr/bin/passwd
./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-static \
--with-{b,yes}crypt \
--without-libbsd \
--with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">touch /usr/bin/passwd
./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \
--with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Build <systemitem class='library'>libperl</systemitem> needed by some Perl modules as a shared library, instead of a static library.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_networkd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
See <ulink role='man' url='&man;systemd.link.5'>systemd.link(5)</ulink> for more information.
参阅 man 页面 systemd.link(5) 获得更多信息。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_systemd-custom — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The system location for the configuration files is <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>. The local configuration files are in <filename class="directory">/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in <filename class="directory">/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files with the same name in <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. See <ulink role='man' url='&man;tmpfiles.d.5'>tmpfiles.d(5)</ulink> manual page for file format details.
它们的系统配置文件位于 <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename>。本地配置文件位于 <filename class="directory">/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename>。<filename class="directory">/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> 中的文件覆盖 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> 中的同名文件。参阅 <filename>tmpfiles.d(5)</filename> man 手册页面，了解配置文件格式的细节。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Device drivers compiled as modules may have aliases built into them. Aliases are visible in the output of the <command>modinfo</command> program and are usually related to the bus-specific identifiers of devices supported by a module. For example, the <emphasis>snd-fm801</emphasis> driver supports PCI devices with vendor ID 0x1319 and device ID 0x0801, and has an alias of <literal>pci:v00001319d00000801sv*sd*bc04sc01i*</literal>. For most devices, the bus driver exports the alias of the driver that would handle the device via <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem>. E.g., the <filename>/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:0d.0/modalias</filename> file might contain the string <literal>pci:v00001319d00000801sv00001319sd00001319bc04sc01i00</literal>. The default rules provided with udev will cause <command>udevd</command> to call out to <command>/sbin/modprobe</command> with the contents of the <envar>MODALIAS</envar> uevent environment variable (which should be the same as the contents of the <filename>modalias</filename> file in sysfs), thus loading all modules whose aliases match this string after wildcard expansion.
编译为内核模块的设备驱动程序可能有内建的别名。别名可以通过 <command>modinfo</command> 程序查询，它通常和该模块支持的设备的总线相关标识符有关。例如，<emphasis>snd-fm801</emphasis> 驱动程序支持厂商 ID 为 0x1319，设备 ID 为 0x0801 的 PCI 设备，其别名为<quote>pci:v00001319d00000801sv*sd*bc04sc01l*</quote>。对于多数设备，总线驱动程序会通过 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 导出应该处理该设备的驱动程序别名，例如 <filename>/sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:0d.0/modalias</filename> 文件应该包含字符串<quote>pci:v00001319d00000801sv00001319sd00001319bc04sc01i00</quote>。Udev 附带的默认规则会导致 <command>udevd</command> 调用 <command>/sbin/modprobe</command> 时传递 <envar>MODALIAS</envar> uevent 环境变量 (它的值应该和 sysfs 中<filename>modalias</filename> 文件的内容相同)，从而加载那些在通配符扩展后别名与这个字符串匹配的模块。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_findutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">chown -R tester .
su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make check"</userinput>
<userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make check"</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_lz4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed library
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
cd build

meson setup .. \
--prefix=/usr \
--buildtype=release \
-D mode=release \
-D dev-kvm-mode=0660 \
-D link-udev-shared=false \
-D logind=false \
-D vconsole=false</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This option disables generating the man pages which requires an external program.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The created groups are not part of any standard&mdash;they are groups decided on in part by the requirements of the Udev configuration in Chapter 9, and in part by common conventions employed by a number of existing Linux distributions. In addition, some test suites rely on specific users or groups. The Linux Standard Base (LSB, available at <ulink url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/lsb.shtml"/>) only recommends that, besides the group <systemitem class="groupname">root</systemitem> with a Group ID (GID) of 0, a group <systemitem class="groupname">bin</systemitem> with a GID of 1 be present. The GID of 5 is widely used for the <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group, and the number 5 is also used in <phrase revision="systemd">systemd</phrase> <phrase revision="sysv"><filename>/etc/fstab</filename></phrase> for the <systemitem class="filesystem">devpts</systemitem> filesystem. All other group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator since well-written programs do not depend on GID numbers, but rather use the group's name.
这里创建的用户组并不属于任何标准 —— 它们一部分是为了满足第 9 章中 Udev 配置的需要，另一部分借鉴了一些 Linux 发行版的通用惯例。另外，某些测试套件需要特定的用户或组。Linux Standard Base (LSB，可以在 <ulink url="http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/lsb.shtml"/> 查看) 标准只推荐以组 ID 0 创建用户组 <systemitem class="groupname">root</systemitem>，以及以组 ID 1 创建用户组 <systemitem class="groupname">bin</systemitem>，其他组名和组 ID 由系统管理员自由分配，因为好的程序不会依赖组 ID 数字，而是使用组名。
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This switch ensures the <filename class="extension">.so</filename> symlinks targeting the shared library file in the same directory (<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>) directly.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Make sure you have at least 1 GB free disk space (the source tarballs will be included in the backup archive) on the file system containing the directory where you create the backup archive.
 
Linux From Scratch/appendices_dependencies — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, M4, Make, Perl, Sed, and Texinfo
Bash, Binutils, Coreutils, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, M4, Make, Patch, Sed, 以及 Texinfo
Linux From Scratch/chapter04_addinguser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Next, start a shell running as user &lfs-user;. This can be done by logging in as &lfs-user; on a virtual console, or with the following substitute/switch user command:
下面以 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 的身份登录。可以通过虚拟控制台或者显示管理器登录，也可以使用下面的命令切换用户：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This parameter makes the configure script use the ld program installed by the Binutils package built earlier in this chapter, rather than the cross-built version which would otherwise be used.
该选项使得配置脚本使用之前在本章中构建的 ld，而没有该选项时会使用交叉编译构建的版本。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_bc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-r</parameter>
<parameter>-G</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This environment variable allows the package to be built by the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
该环境变量允许以 root 用户身份构建该软件包。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_ninja — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This parameter forces Ninja to rebuild itself for the current system.
这个参数强制 ninja 为当前系统重新构建自身。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_expat — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">install -v -m644 doc/*.{html,css} /usr/share/doc/expat-&expat-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">install -v -m644 doc/*.{html,png,css} /usr/share/doc/expat-&expat-version;</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--with-cxx-shared</parameter>
<parameter>--without-normal</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installs wheels from the <filename class='directory'>dist</filename> directory.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_openssl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Add the version to the documentation directory name, to be consistent with other packages:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_zlib — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/libz.a</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The following are some common package management techniques. Before making a decision on a package manager, do some research on the various techniques, particularly the drawbacks of each particular scheme.
以下是几种常见的软件包管理技术。在决定使用某种包管理器前，请研读这些技术，特别是要了解特定技术的不足。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_libtool — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove a useless static library:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The meaning of the new configuration options:
配置选项的含义：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_libcap — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
编译该软件包：
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_clock — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Please note that the <command>timedatectl</command> command doesn't work in the chroot environment. It can only be used after the LFS system is booted with systemd.
注意 <command>timedatectl</command> 命令只能用于 systemd 引导的系统。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Changing run levels is done with <command>init <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable></command>, where <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable> is the target run level. For example, to reboot the computer, a user could issue the <command>init 6</command> command, which is an alias for the <command>reboot</command> command. Likewise, <command>init 0</command> is an alias for the <command>halt</command> command.
通过命令 <command>init <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable></command> 可以切换运行级别，这里<replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable> 是希望切换到的运行级别。例如，为了重新启动计算机，用户可以执行 <command>init 6</command> 命令，它和 <command>reboot</command> 作用相同。同样，<command>init 0</command> 和 <command>halt</command> 作用相同。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_symlinks — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<literal>NAME</literal> - The value of this keyword is the name that udev will assign to this interface.
<literal>NAME</literal> - 该键的值是 udev 将赋予该网络接口的命名。
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Move programs to their final expected locations. Although this is not necessary in this temporary environment, we must do so because some programs hardcode executable locations:
将程序移动到它们最终安装时的正确位置。尽管在临时环境中这不必要，但我们必须这样做，因为一些程序会硬编码它们的位置：