Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_grep — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./build-aux/config.guess)</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--bindir=/bin</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_diffutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./build-aux/config.guess)</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_sed — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./build-aux/config.guess)</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--bindir=/bin</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove two unneeded groups, <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev rules:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">python3 setup.py build</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \
--enable-install-program=hostname \
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \
--enable-install-program=hostname \
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter11_theend — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/os-release &lt;&lt; "EOF"
NAME="Linux From Scratch"
VERSION="&version;"
ID=lfs
PRETTY_NAME="Linux From Scratch &version;"
VERSION_CODENAME="&lt;your name here&gt;"
HOME_URL="&lfs-root;lfs/"
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/os-release &lt;&lt; "EOF"
NAME="Linux From Scratch"
VERSION="&version;"
ID=lfs
PRETTY_NAME="Linux From Scratch &version;"
VERSION_CODENAME="&lt;your name here&gt;"
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_setuptools — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared \
--with-system-expat \
--enable-optimizations</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared \
--with-system-expat \
--with-system-ffi \
--with-ensurepip=yes</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_dbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--localstatedir=/var \
--runstatedir=/run \
--enable-user-session \
--disable-static \
--disable-doxygen-docs \
--disable-xml-docs \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/dbus-&dbus-version; \
--with-system-socket=/run/dbus/system_bus_socket</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--localstatedir=/var \
--disable-static \
--disable-doxygen-docs \
--disable-xml-docs \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/dbus-&dbus-version; \
--with-console-auth-dir=/run/console</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<command>cat &gt; ~/mount-virt.sh &lt;&lt; "EOF"
#!/bin/bash

function mountbind
{
if ! mountpoint $LFS/$1 >/dev/null; then
$SUDO mount --bind /$1 $LFS/$1
echo $LFS/$1 mounted
else
echo $LFS/$1 already mounted
fi
}

function mounttype
{
if ! mountpoint $LFS/$1 >/dev/null; then
$SUDO mount -t $2 $3 $4 $5 $LFS/$1
echo $LFS/$1 mounted
else
echo $LFS/$1 already mounted
fi
}

if [ $EUID -ne 0 ]; then
SUDO=sudo
else
SUDO=""
fi

if [ x$LFS == x ]; then
echo "LFS not set"
exit 1
fi

mountbind dev
mounttype dev/pts devpts devpts -o gid=5,mode=620
mounttype proc proc proc
mounttype sys sysfs sysfs
mounttype run tmpfs run
if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
install -v -d -m 1777 $LFS$(realpath /dev/shm)
else
mounttype dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev
fi

#mountbind usr/src
#mountbind boot
#mountbind home
EOF</command>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>mount -vt devpts devpts -o gid=5,mode=0620 $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput>
<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_expect — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">python3 -c 'from pty import spawn; spawn(["echo", "ok"])'</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --bindir=/usr/bin \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--runstatedir=/run \
--sbindir=/usr/sbin \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-liblastlog2 \
--disable-static \
--without-python \
--without-systemd \
--without-systemdsystemunitdir \
ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-static \
--without-python \
--without-systemd \
--without-systemdsystemunitdir</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-shared \
--without-debug \
--without-normal \
--with-cxx-shared \
--enable-pc-files \
--with-pkg-config-libdir=/usr/lib/pkgconfig</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-shared \
--without-debug \
--without-normal \
--enable-pc-files \
--enable-widec</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_inetutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/def HAVE_TERMCAP_TGETENT/ 1/' telnet/telnet.c</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Building the linux kernel for the first time is one of the most challenging tasks in LFS. Getting it right depends on the specific hardware for the target system and your specific needs. There are almost 12,000 configuration items that are available for the kernel although only about a third of them are needed for most computers. The LFS editors recommend that users not familiar with this process follow the procedures below fairly closely. The objective is to get an initial system to a point where you can log in at the command line when you reboot later in <xref linkend="ch-finish-reboot" role='.'/> At this point optimization and customization is not a goal.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">sh Configure -des \
-D prefix=/usr \
-D vendorprefix=/usr \
-D useshrplib \
-D privlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/core_perl \
-D archlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/core_perl \
-D sitelib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/site_perl \
-D sitearch=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/site_perl \
-D vendorlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/vendor_perl \
-D vendorarch=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/vendor_perl</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">sh Configure -des \
-Dprefix=/usr \
-Dvendorprefix=/usr \
-Dprivlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/core_perl \
-Darchlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/core_perl \
-Dsitelib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/site_perl \
-Dsitearch=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/site_perl \
-Dvendorlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/vendor_perl \
-Dvendorarch=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/vendor_perl</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_lz4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">make BUILD_STATIC=no PREFIX=/usr</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--with-openssl \
--with-xz \
--with-zstd \
--with-zlib \
--disable-manpages</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--with-rootlibdir=/lib \
--with-xz \
--with-zlib</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">mkdir build
pushd build
../configure AWK=gawk
make -C include
make -C progs tic
popd</userinput>
<userinput remap="pre">mkdir build
pushd build
../configure
make -C include
make -C progs tic
popd</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/prologue_standards — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Bash, Bc, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, File, Findutils, Gawk, GCC, Gettext, Glibc, Grep, Gzip, M4, Man-DB, Procps, Psmisc, Sed, Shadow, <phrase revision='sysv'>SysVinit</phrase><phrase revision='systemd'>Systemd</phrase>, Tar, Util-linux, Zlib
Bash, Bc, Binutils, Coreutils, Diffutils, File, Findutils, Gawk, Grep, Gzip, M4, Man-DB, Ncurses, Procps, Psmisc, Sed, Shadow, Tar, Util-linux, Zlib
Linux From Scratch/chapter01_whatsnew — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Libcap-&libcap-version;
Glibc-&glibc-version;
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_sysklogd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--runstatedir=/run \
--without-logger \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/sysklogd-&sysklogd-version;</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_bash — French
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--build=$(sh support/config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--without-bash-malloc</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--build=$(sh support/config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--without-bash-malloc \
bash_cv_strtold_broken=no</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_bash — Portuguese (Brazil)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--build=$(sh support/config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--without-bash-malloc</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--build=$(sh support/config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--without-bash-malloc \
bash_cv_strtold_broken=no</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_bash — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--build=$(sh support/config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--without-bash-malloc</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--build=$(support/config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--without-bash-malloc</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_bash — French
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--without-bash-malloc \
--with-installed-readline \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-&bash-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--without-bash-malloc \
--with-installed-readline \
bash_cv_strtold_broken=no \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-&bash-version;</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_bash — Portuguese (Brazil)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--without-bash-malloc \
--with-installed-readline \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-&bash-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--without-bash-malloc \
--with-installed-readline \
bash_cv_strtold_broken=no \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-&bash-version;</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_bash — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--without-bash-malloc \
--with-installed-readline \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-&bash-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/bash-&bash-version; \
--without-bash-malloc \
--with-installed-readline</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If you have decided to make a backup, leave the chroot environment:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that affects the configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate small (suggested size is 200 MB) partition just for boot information. That way each build, whether LFS or some commercial distro, can access the same boot files and access can be made from any booted system. If you choose to do this, you will need to mount the separate partition, move all files in the current <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> directory (e.g. the Linux kernel you just built in the previous section) to the new partition. You will then need to unmount the partition and remount it as <filename class="directory">/boot</filename>. If you do this, be sure to update <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.
引导分区的位置由负责进行配置的用户自己决定，作者推荐创建一个小的 (建议大小为 200 MB) 分区，专门存放引导信息。这样，不同的 Linux 系统 (无论是 LFS 还是商业发行版) 在启动时和启动后都能访问相同的引导文件。如果您选择这样做，您需要挂载这个单独的分区，将 <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> 中已有的文件 (例如上一节中构建的内核) 移动到新的分区中。之后，解除该分区的挂载，并将它挂载为 <filename class="directory">/boot</filename>。另外，还要注意更新 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install Wheel with the following command:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_libffi — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Prepare Libffi for compilation:
准备编译 libffi：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_zstd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In the test output there are several places that indicate 'failed'. These are expected and only 'FAIL' is an actual test failure. There should be no test failures.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap='pre'>unset {C,CPP,CXX,LD}FLAGS</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This package and the next two (Expect and DejaGNU) are installed to support running the test suites for Binutils, GCC and other packages. Installing three packages for testing purposes may seem excessive, but it is very reassuring, if not essential, to know that the most important tools are working properly.
为了支持 GCC 和 Binutils 等软件包测试套件的运行，需要安装这个软件包和接下来的两个 (Expect 与 DejaGNU)。为了测试目的安装三个软件包看似浪费，但是只有运行了测试，才能放心地确定多数重要工具可以正常工作，即使测试不是必要的。我们必须安装这些软件包，才能执行本章中的测试套件。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To have full control over the way Perl is set up, you can remove the <quote>-des</quote> options from the following command and hand-pick the way this package is built. Alternatively, use the command exactly as shown below to use the defaults that Perl auto-detects:
为了能够完全控制 Perl 的设置，您可以在以下命令中移除 <quote>-des</quote> 选项，并手动选择构建该软件包的方式。或者，直接使用下面的命令，以使用 Perl 自动检测的默认值：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Many bugs have been found in this patch. When reporting new bugs to the Coreutils maintainers, please check first to see if those bugs are reproducible without this patch.
在之前，这个补丁中找出了许多 bug。在向 Coreutils 维护者报告新 bug 前，请检查它们在不使用该补丁的情况下是否还会重现。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This package does not come with a test suite.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_ninja — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Using the <emphasis>optional</emphasis> procedure below allows a user to limit the number of parallel processes via an environment variable, NINJAJOBS. <emphasis role="bold">For example</emphasis>, setting: <placeholder type="screen" id="0"/> will limit <command>ninja</command> to four parallel processes.
应用下面这个<emphasis>可选的</emphasis>修改，用户即可通过一个环境变量 NINJAJOBS 限制并行进程数量。<command>例如</command>设置：<placeholder type="screen" id="0"/>会限制 ninja 使用 4 个并行进程。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Prepare E2fsprogs for compilation:
准备编译 E2fsprogs：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The test suite requires some packages outside the scope of LFS.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_procps — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-&procps-ng-version; \
--disable-static \
--disable-kill \
--with-systemd</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--exec-prefix= \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-&procps-ng-version; \
--disable-static \
--disable-kill \
--with-systemd</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_man-db — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-&man-db-version; \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-setuid \
--enable-cache-owner=bin \
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap \
--with-systemdtmpfilesdir= \
--with-systemdsystemunitdir=</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-&man-db-version; \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-setuid \
--enable-cache-owner=bin \
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap \
--with-systemdtmpfilesdir= \
--with-systemdsystemunitdir=</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If a package containing a shared library is updated, and the name of the library doesn't change, but the version number of the library <emphasis role="bold">file</emphasis> decreases (for example, the library is still named <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename>, but the name of the library file is changed from <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1.25</filename> to <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1.24</filename>), you should remove the library file from the previously installed version (<filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1.25</filename> in this case). Otherwise, a <command>ldconfig</command> command (invoked by yourself from the command line, or by the installation of some package) will reset the symlink <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename> to point to the old library file because it seems to be a <quote>newer</quote> version; its version number is larger. This situation may arise if you have to downgrade a package, or if the authors change the versioning scheme for library files.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-debuginfod \
--enable-libdebuginfod=dummy</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-debuginfod --libdir=/lib</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Serial processing of boot tasks. This is related to the previous point. A delay in any process, such as a file system check, will delay the entire boot process.
串行执行引导任务，这与前一项缺点相关。引导过程中的延迟 (如文件系统检查) 会拖延整个引导过程。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> filesystem was mentioned briefly above. One may wonder how <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> knows about the devices present on a system and what device numbers should be used for them. Drivers that have been compiled into the kernel register their objects in <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> (devtmpfs internally) as they are detected by the kernel. For drivers compiled as modules, registration happens when the module is loaded. Once the <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> filesystem is mounted (on <filename class="directory">/sys</filename>), data which the drivers have registered with <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> are available to userspace processes and to udevd for processing (including modifications to device nodes).
前面已经简要提到了 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 文件系统。有些读者可能好奇，<systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 是如何知道系统中存在哪些设备，以及应该为它们使用什么设备号的。答案是，那些编译到内核中的驱动程序在它们的对象被内核检测到时，直接将它们注册到 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> (内部的 devtmpfs)。对于那些被编译为模块的驱动程序，注册过程在模块加载时进行。只要 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 文件系统被挂载好 (位于 /sys)，用户空间程序即可使用驱动程序注册在 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 中的数据，Udev 就能够使用这些数据对设备进行处理 (包括修改设备节点)。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_symlinks — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The file begins with a comment block, followed by two lines for each NIC. The first line for each NIC is a commented description showing its hardware IDs (e.g. its PCI vendor and device IDs, if it's a PCI card), along with its driver (in parentheses, if the driver can be found). Neither the hardware ID nor the driver is used to determine which name to give an interface; this information is only for reference. The second line is the udev rule that matches this NIC and actually assigns it a name.
该文件的开头是一个注释块，之后对于每个网络接口设备 (NIC) 都给出两行。第一行是注释，给出该 NIC 的硬件 ID (例如对于 PCI 设备，就是 PCI 生产商 ID 和设备 ID)，如果能找到驱动程序的话，也会在括号中给出。它们并不被用于确定该设备的命名，仅供您在编写规则时进行参考。第二行是匹配该 NIC 的 udev 规则，和实际赋予它的设备名。
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The meaning of the new configure option:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Note that the last three commands in the script are commented out. These are useful if those directories are mounted as separate partitions on the host system and will be mounted when booting the completed LFS/BLFS system.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter11_theend — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Be sure to customize the fields 'DISTRIB_CODENAME' and 'VERSION_CODENAME' to make the system uniquely yours.
您可以修改 'DISTRIB_CODENAME' 域，体现您的系统的独特性。
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
There are frequent misunderstandings about this chapter. The procedures are the same as every other chapter, as explained earlier (<xref linkend='buildinstr'/>). First, extract the gcc-&gcc-version; tarball from the sources directory, and then change to the directory created. Only then should you proceed with the instructions below.
对于本章内容有一些很常见的误解。该软件包的构建过程就像之前 (<xref linkend='buildinstr'/>) 解释的那样，首先解压 GCC 压缩包，切换到解压出的目录中，再执行下面的命令。
Linux From Scratch/chapter01_askforhelp — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The exact error message, or a clear description of the problem
程序输出的原始错误消息，或者出现的症状
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The target
target
Linux From Scratch/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
For general information on kernel configuration see <ulink url="&hints-root;kernel-configuration.txt"/>. Additional information about configuring and building the kernel can be found at <ulink url="&anduin-sources;/kernel-nutshell/"/>. These references are a bit dated, but still give a reasonable overview of the process.
阅读 <ulink url="&hints-root;kernel-configuration.txt"/> 了解关于内核配置的一般信息。BLFS 包含一些关于 LFS 之外的软件包需要的特定内核配置的信息，位于<ulink url="&blfs-book;longindex.html#kernel-config-index"/> 。另外在 <ulink url="http://www.kroah.com/lkn/"/> 也有一些关于配置和构建内核的信息。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_libstdc__ — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Create a separate build directory for Libstdc++ and enter it:
为 Libstdc++ 创建一个单独的构建目录，并进入它：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Compile the package:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The meaning of the new configure options:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gmp — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The default settings of GMP produce libraries optimized for the host processor. If libraries suitable for processors less capable than the host's CPU are desired, generic libraries can be created by appending the <option>--host=none-linux-gnu</option> option to the <command>configure</command> command.
GMP 的默认设定会生成为本机处理器优化的库。如果您希望获得适合功能没有本机强大的 CPU 的库，执行以下命令，以生成通用库：<placeholder type="screen" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
-e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The meaning of the Configure options:
新出现的配置选项的含义：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_setuptools — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The above command is correct. The <command>ln</command> command has several syntactic versions, so be sure to check <command>info coreutils ln</command> and <ulink role='man' url='&man;ln.1'>ln(1)</ulink> before reporting what may appear to be an error.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Charmaps can have a number of aliases, e.g., <literal>ISO-8859-1</literal> is also referred to as <literal>iso8859-1</literal> and <literal>iso88591</literal>. Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly (e.g., require that <literal>UTF-8</literal> is written as <literal>UTF-8</literal>, not <literal>utf8</literal>), so it is the safest in most cases to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine the canonical name, run the following command, where <replaceable>&lt;locale name&gt;</replaceable> is the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for your preferred locale (<literal>en_GB.iso88591</literal> in our example).
字符映射可能有多个别名，例如<quote>ISO-8859-1</quote>也可以称为<quote>iso8859-1</quote>或者<quote>iso88591</quote>。某些程序不能正确处理一些别名 (例如，<quote>UTF-8</quote>必须写作<quote>UTF-8</quote>才能识别，而不能识别<quote>utf8</quote>)，因此在多数情况下，为了保险起见，最好使用 locale 的规范名称。为了确定规范名称，执行以下命令，将 <replaceable>&lt;locale 名&gt;</replaceable> 替换成 <command>locale -a</command> 对于您希望的 locale 的输出 (以<quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote>为例)。
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The meaning of the mount options for devpts:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_expect — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This command should output <computeroutput>ok</computeroutput>. If, instead, the output includes <computeroutput>OSError: out of pty devices</computeroutput>, then the environment is not set up for proper PTY operation. You need to exit from the chroot environment, read <xref linkend='ch-tools-kernfs'/> again, and ensure the <systemitem class="filesystem">devpts</systemitem> file system (and other virtual kernel file systems) mounted correctly. Then reenter the chroot environment following <xref linkend='ch-tools-chroot'/>. This issue needs to be resolved before continuing, or the test suites requiring Expect (for example the test suites of Bash, Binutils, GCC, GDBM, and of course Expect itself) will fail catastrophically, and other subtle breakages may also happen.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_lz4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To test the results, issue:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --bindir=/usr/bin \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--runstatedir=/run \
--sbindir=/usr/sbin \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-liblastlog2 \
--disable-static \
--without-python \
ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-static \
--without-python</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_readline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Prevent hard coding library search paths (rpath) into the shared libraries. This package does not need rpath for an installation into the standard location, and rpath may sometimes cause unwanted effects or even security issues:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter02_stages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The virtual file systems must be mounted. This can be done before or after entering chroot by changing to a host virtual terminal and, as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, running the commands in <xref linkend='ch-tools-bindmount'/> and <xref linkend='ch-tools-kernfsmount' role='.'/>
虚拟文件系统必须挂载好。在进入 chroot 环境之前，请切换到一个宿主系统的虚拟终端，以 root 身份执行<xref linkend='ch-tools-bindmount'/>和<xref linkend='ch-tools-kernfsmount'/>中的命令。
Linux From Scratch/chapter01_whatsnew — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Libelf from Elfutils-&elfutils-version;
Binutils-&binutils-version;
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/run/dbus:/usr/bin/false
uuidd:x:80:80:UUID Generation Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
nobody:x:65534:65534:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>exit</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Leaving <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> on the current LFS partition will also work, but configuration for multiple systems is more difficult.
直接使用 LFS 分区也是可以的，但这样在配置多系统启动时比较麻烦。
Linux From Scratch/chapter04_addinguser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This is the name of the new user.
要创建的用户的名称。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 install --no-index --find-links=dist wheel</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_libffi — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--with-gcc-arch=native</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static --with-gcc-arch=native</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--with-openssl</parameter>
<parameter>--with-rootlibdir=/lib</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_zstd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To test the results, issue:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The --disable and --without options prevent warnings about building components that either require packages not in LFS, or are inconsistent with programs installed by other packages.
--disable 和 --without 选项防止一些警告，它们与一些 LFS 中不存在，或与其他软件包安装的程序不兼容的构建组件相关。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_bc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>CC=gcc</parameter>
<parameter>-G</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_man-pages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">make prefix=/usr install</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Don't try <quote>tuning</quote> this package with custom compilation flags. This package is a bootloader. The low-level operations in the source code may be broken by aggressive optimization.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_iproute2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">make NETNS_RUN_DIR=/run/netns</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_dbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--runstatedir=/run</parameter> and <parameter>--with-system-socket=/run/dbus/system_bus_socket</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 install --no-index --no-user --find-links dist Jinja2</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_ninja — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If desired, make <command>ninja</command> recognize the environment variable NINJAJOBS by running the stream editor:
如果您希望 Ninja 能够使用环境变量 NINJAJOBS，执行以下命令，添加这一功能：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--enable-elf-shlibs \
--disable-libblkid \
--disable-libuuid \
--disable-uuidd \
--disable-fsck</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin \
--with-root-prefix="" \
--enable-elf-shlibs \
--disable-libblkid \
--disable-libuuid \
--disable-uuidd \
--disable-fsck</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--with-shared</parameter>
<parameter>--without-normal</parameter>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_dejagnu — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr
makeinfo --html --no-split -o doc/dejagnu.html ../doc/dejagnu.texi
makeinfo --plaintext -o doc/dejagnu.txt ../doc/dejagnu.texi</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr
makeinfo --html --no-split -o doc/dejagnu.html doc/dejagnu.texi
makeinfo --plaintext -o doc/dejagnu.txt doc/dejagnu.texi</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_inetutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/usr/bin \
--localstatedir=/var \
--disable-logger \
--disable-whois \
--disable-rcp \
--disable-rexec \
--disable-rlogin \
--disable-rsh \
--disable-servers</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--localstatedir=/var \
--disable-logger \
--disable-whois \
--disable-rcp \
--disable-rexec \
--disable-rlogin \
--disable-rsh \
--disable-servers</userinput>