1451 strings / 17242 words

Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
You should also be aware of the name of the platform's dynamic linker, often referred to as the dynamic loader (not to be confused with the standard linker <command>ld</command> that is part of binutils). The dynamic linker provided by package glibc finds and loads the shared libraries needed by a program, prepares the program to run, and then runs it. The name of the dynamic linker for a 32-bit Intel machine is <filename class="libraryfile">ld-linux.so.2</filename>; it's <filename class="libraryfile">ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</filename> on 64-bit systems. A sure-fire way to determine the name of the dynamic linker is to inspect a random binary from the host system by running: <userinput>readelf -l &lt;name of binary&gt; | grep interpreter</userinput> and noting the output. The authoritative reference covering all platforms is in <ulink url='https://sourceware.org/glibc/wiki/ABIList'>a Glibc wiki page</ulink>.
另外注意平台的动态链接器的名称，它又被称为动态加载器 (不要和 Binutils 中的普通链接器 <command>ld</command> 混淆)。动态链接器由 Glibc 提供，它寻找并加载程序所需的共享库，为程序运行做好准备，然后运行程序。在 32 位 Intel 机器上动态链接器的名称是 <filename class="libraryfile">ld-linux.so.2</filename> (在 64 位系统上是 <filename class="libraryfile">ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</filename>)。一个确定动态链接器名称的准确方法是从宿主系统找一个二进制可执行文件，然后执行：<userinput>readelf -l &lt;二进制文件名&gt; | grep interpreter</userinput> 并观察输出。包含所有平台的权威参考可以在 Glibc 源码树根目录的 <filename>shlib-versions</filename> 文件中找到。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
简要描述
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_readline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Provides a set of commands for manipulating text entered in an interactive session of a program
提供一组在程序的交互会话中操纵输入的文本的命令。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
sed -i 's/"1"/"8"/' /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed directories
安装的目录
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_ncurses — English
<command>sed -e 's/^#if.*XOPEN.*$/#if 1/' ...</command>
<command>sed -e 's/^#if.*XOPEN.*$/#if 1/' ...</command>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Shadow's default configuration for the <command>useradd</command> utility needs some explanation. First, the default action for the <command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and a group with the same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID) numbers will begin at 1000. This means if you don't pass extra parameters to <command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a unique group on the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need to pass either the <parameter>-g</parameter> or <parameter>-N</parameter> parameter to <command>useradd</command>, or else change the setting of <parameter>USERGROUPS_ENAB</parameter> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. See <ulink role='man' url='&man;useradd.8'>useradd(8)</ulink> for more information.
Shadow 附带的 <command>useradd</command> 配置文件有一些需要解释的事项。首先，<command>useradd</command> 的默认操作是创建一个用户，以及一个名字和用户名相同的组。默认情况下，用户 ID (UID) 和组 ID (GID) 会从 1000 开始。这意味着，如果您不向 <command>useradd</command> 传递参数，每个用户都会属于一个不同的组。如果您不希望这样，就要传递 <parameter>-g</parameter> 参数给 <command>useradd</command>。默认参数保存在 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 文件中。您可以编辑其中的两个参数，以满足您的特定需求。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_autoconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Modifies a <filename>configure.in</filename> file that still calls <command>autoconf</command> macros by their old names to use the current macro names
修改 <filename>configure.in</filename> 文件，将其中过时的 <command>autoconf</command> 宏名改为新的宏名。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_openssl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
implements a wide range of cryptographic algorithms used in various Internet standards. The services provided by this library are used by the <application>OpenSSL</application> implementations of SSL, TLS and S/MIME, and they have also been used to implement <application>OpenSSH</application>, <application>OpenPGP</application>, and other cryptographic standards
实现不同 Internet 标准使用的许多密码学算法。该库提供的服务被 <application>OpenSSL</application> 的 SSL、TLS 和 S/MIME 实现使用，也被用于实现 <application>OpenSSH</application>、<application>OpenPGP</application>，以及其他密码学标准。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
libcurses.so (symlink), libform.so (symlink), libformw.so, libmenu.so (symlink), libmenuw.so, libncurses.so (symlink), libncursesw.so, libncurses++w.so, libpanel.so (symlink), and libpanelw.so,
libcursesw.so (指向 libncursesw.so 的符号链接和链接脚本), libformw.so, libmenuw.so, libncursesw.so, libncurses++w.a, libpanelw.so, 以及它们的库名称没有 “w” 的非宽字符替代品。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_network — English
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.1.1 <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable>
<replaceable>&lt;192.168.1.2&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

# End /etc/hosts</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/hosts &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
127.0.1.1 <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable>
<replaceable>&lt;192.168.1.2&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

# End /etc/hosts</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — English
The <envar>DESTDIR</envar> make variable is used by almost all packages to define the location where the package should be installed. If it is not set, it defaults to the root (<filename class="directory">/</filename>) directory. Here we specify that the package is installed in <filename class="directory"> $LFS</filename>, which will become the root directory in <xref linkend= "ch-tools-chroot" role='.'/>
The <envar>DESTDIR</envar> make variable is used by almost all packages to define the location where the package should be installed. If it is not set, it defaults to the root (<filename class="directory">/</filename>) directory. Here we specify that the package is installed in <filename class="directory"> $LFS</filename>, which will become the root directory in <xref linkend= "ch-tools-chroot" role='.'/>
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — French
The <envar>DESTDIR</envar> make variable is used by almost all packages to define the location where the package should be installed. If it is not set, it defaults to the root (<filename class="directory">/</filename>) directory. Here we specify that the package is installed in <filename class="directory"> $LFS</filename>, which will become the root directory in <xref linkend= "ch-tools-chroot" role='.'/>
La variable make <envar>DESTDIR</envar> est utilisée par presque tous les paquets pour définir l'emplacement où le paquet sera installé. Si elle n'est pas configurée, elle renvoie par défaut à la racine (<filename class="directory">/</filename>). Ici, nous spécifions que le paquet doit être installé dans <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename>, qui deviendra la racine après le <xref linkend= "ch-tools-chroot"/>.
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <envar>DESTDIR</envar> make variable is used by almost all packages to define the location where the package should be installed. If it is not set, it defaults to the root (<filename class="directory">/</filename>) directory. Here we specify that the package is installed in <filename class="directory"> $LFS</filename>, which will become the root directory in <xref linkend= "ch-tools-chroot" role='.'/>
多数软件包使用 <envar>DESTDIR</envar> 变量指定软件包应该安装的位置。如果不设定它，默认值为根 (<filename class="directory">/</filename>) 目录。这里我们指定将软件包安装到 <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename>，它在<xref linkend="ch-tools-chroot"/>之后将成为根目录。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
编译该软件包：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed programs
安装的程序
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_binutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
简要描述
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
简要描述
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>mkdir -p /etc/default
useradd -D --gid 999</userinput>
<userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_vim — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed programs
安装的程序
Linux From Scratch/chapter06_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-ncurses" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-ncurses"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_network — English
The <replaceable>&lt;192.168.1.2&gt;</replaceable>, <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable>, and <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> values need to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted.
The <replaceable>&lt;192.168.1.2&gt;</replaceable>, <replaceable>&lt;FQDN&gt;</replaceable>, and <replaceable>&lt;HOSTNAME&gt;</replaceable> values need to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted.
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed library
安装的库
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
简要描述
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_vim — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed directory
安装的目录
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_autoconf — English
Helps when writing <filename>configure.in</filename> files for a software package; it prints the identifiers that the package uses in C preprocessor conditionals [If a package has already been set up to have some portability, this program can help determine what <command>configure</command> needs to check for. It can also fill in gaps in a <filename>configure.in</filename> file generated by <command>autoscan</command>.]
Helps when writing <filename>configure.in</filename> files for a software package; it prints the identifiers that the package uses in C preprocessor conditionals [If a package has already been set up to have some portability, this program can help determine what <command>configure</command> needs to check for. It can also fill in gaps in a <filename>configure.in</filename> file generated by <command>autoscan</command>.]
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_autoconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Helps when writing <filename>configure.in</filename> files for a software package; it prints the identifiers that the package uses in C preprocessor conditionals [If a package has already been set up to have some portability, this program can help determine what <command>configure</command> needs to check for. It can also fill in gaps in a <filename>configure.in</filename> file generated by <command>autoscan</command>.]
帮助用户为软件包编写 <filename>configure.in</filename>；它打印软件包在 C 预处理器条件中使用的所有标识符 [如果一个软件包已经被设定为有一定的可移植性，该程序可以帮助确定 <command>configure</command> 需要进行哪些测试。它也会填充 <command>autoscan</command> 生成的 <filename>configure.in</filename> 中留下的空隙。]
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed directory
安装的目录
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
简要描述
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_bzip2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Decompresses to standard output
解压缩到标准输出
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-gcc" role="."/>
该软件包的更多细节在<xref linkend="contents-gcc"/>可以找到。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_openssl — English
implements the Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) protocol. It provides a rich API, documentation on which can be found in <ulink role='man' url='&man;ssl.7'>ssl(7)</ulink>
implements the Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) protocol. It provides a rich API, documentation on which can be found in <ulink role='man' url='&man;ssl.7'>ssl(7)</ulink>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_openssl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
implements the Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) protocol. It provides a rich API, documentation on which can be found in <ulink role='man' url='&man;ssl.7'>ssl(7)</ulink>
实现传输层安全 (TLS v1) 协议。它提供了丰富的 API，这些 API 的文档可以通过执行 <command>man 3 ssl</command>查阅。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_binutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers; given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging information in the executable to determine which source file and line number are associated with the address
将程序中的地址翻译成文件名和行号；给定一个内存地址以及可执行程序的名字，该程序使用可执行文件中的调试信息，确定与该地址相关的源代码文件和行号。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
is a <application>Python</application> program that reads <application>Python 2.x</application> source code and applies a series of fixes to transform it into valid <application>Python 3.x</application> code
是一个 <application>Python</application> 程序，读取 <application>Python 2.x</application> 源代码并对它进行一系列修正，转换成合法的 <application>Python 3.x</application> 源代码。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Compile the package:
编译该软件包：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — English
This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file. The particular value 999 comes from the <parameter>--gid</parameter> parameter above. You may set it to any desired value. Note that <command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number. Note also that if you don't have a group with an ID equal to this number on your system, then the first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, an error message will be generated&mdash;<computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 999</computeroutput>, even though the account has been created correctly. That is why we created the group <systemitem class="groupname">users</systemitem> with this group ID in <xref linkend='ch-tools-createfiles' role='.'/>
This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file. The particular value 999 comes from the <parameter>--gid</parameter> parameter above. You may set it to any desired value. Note that <command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number. Note also that if you don't have a group with an ID equal to this number on your system, then the first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, an error message will be generated&mdash;<computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 999</computeroutput>, even though the account has been created correctly. That is why we created the group <systemitem class="groupname">users</systemitem> with this group ID in <xref linkend='ch-tools-createfiles' role='.'/>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file. The particular value 999 comes from the <parameter>--gid</parameter> parameter above. You may set it to any desired value. Note that <command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number. Note also that if you don't have a group with an ID equal to this number on your system, then the first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, an error message will be generated&mdash;<computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 999</computeroutput>, even though the account has been created correctly. That is why we created the group <systemitem class="groupname">users</systemitem> with this group ID in <xref linkend='ch-tools-createfiles' role='.'/>
该参数设定 /etc/group 文件中使用的第一个组编号。您可以将它修改为您希望的任何值。注意，<command>useradd</command> 绝不会重用 UID 或 GID。如果该参数指定的数字已经被使用了，它就会使用下一个可用的数字。另外，如果您第一次使用 <command>useradd</command> 时没有编号 1000 的组，也没有使用 <parameter>-g</parameter> 选项，您就会在终端看到一条消息：<computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 1000</computeroutput>。您可以忽略这条消息，它会使用组编号 1000。
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' | $LFS_TGT-gcc -x c - -v -Wl,--verbose &amp;&gt; dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>
<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
$LFS_TGT-gcc dummy.c
readelf -l a.out | grep '/ld-linux'</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/appendices_dependencies — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<ulink url="https://sourceware.org/elfutils/">Elfutils</ulink> and <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/jansson.html">Jansson</ulink>
<ulink url="&blfs-root;/view/stable/general/libseccomp.html">Libseccomp</ulink>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
A link to tclsh&tcl-major-version;
一个指向 tclsh&tcl-major-version; 的链接
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">ninja</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_vim — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
简要描述
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_systemd-custom — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
See the <ulink role='man' url='&man;systemd-coredump.8'>systemd-coredump(8)</ulink>, <ulink role='man' url='&man;coredumpctl.1'>coredumpctl(1)</ulink>, and <ulink role='man' url='&man;coredump.conf.d.5'>coredump.conf.d(5)</ulink> manual pages for more information.
参阅 man 手册页面 <filename>systemd-coredump(8)</filename>，<filename>coredumpctl(1)</filename>，以及 <filename>coredump.conf.d(5)</filename> 了解更多信息。
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — English
There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — French
There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
Si tout fonctionne correctement, il ne devrait pas y avoir d'erreurs et la sortie de la dernière commande aura cette forme&nbsp;:
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
如果一切正常，那么应该没有错误消息，而且最后一行命令应该输出下列格式的内容：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a mailbox file for each new user. <command>useradd</command> will assign the group ownership of this file to the <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> group with 0660 permissions. If you would rather not create these files, issue the following command:
该参数使得 <command>useradd</command> 为新创建的用户建立邮箱文件。<command>useradd</command> 会使得 <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> 为邮箱文件属组，并为邮箱文件赋予 0660 权限码。如果您不希望 <command>useradd</command> 创建这些邮箱文件，执行以下命令：
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — English
<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>
<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>
<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
简要描述
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_systemd-custom — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Beginning with systemd-230, all user processes are killed when a user session is ended, even if nohup is used, or the process uses the <function>daemon()</function> or <function>setsid()</function> functions. This is a deliberate change from a historically permissive environment to a more restrictive one. The new behavior may cause issues if you depend on long running programs (e.g., <command>screen</command> or <command>tmux</command>) to remain active after ending your user session. There are three ways to enable lingering processes to remain after a user session is ended.
从 systemd 的 230 版本开始，在用户会话结束时，所有用户进程都被杀死，即使使用了 nohup 或 <function>daemon()</function> 、<function>setsid</function> 等函数也不例外。这是开发者有意做出的修改，将传统的宽松环境改为更加严格的环境。如果您需要让持续运行的程序 (例如 <command>screen</command> 或 <command>tmux</command>) 在用户会话结束后保持运行，这项新的行为会导致问题。有三种方法使得这类驻留进程在用户会话结束后继续运行：
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Build cross-compiler cc1 using cc-pc on pc.
在 pc 上使用 cc-pc 构建交叉编译器 cc1
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — French
Now make sure that we're set up to use the correct start files:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_sysvinit — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Tells <command>init</command> which run-level to change to
告诉 <command>init</command> 切换到哪个运行级别
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
安装该软件包：
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_networkd — English
Decide on a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. If using static IP addresses, you'll also need to decide on an IP address. The syntax for a hosts file entry is:
Decide on a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. If using static IP addresses, you'll also need to decide on an IP address. The syntax for a hosts file entry is:
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_networkd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Decide on a fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. If using static IP addresses, you'll also need to decide on an IP address. The syntax for a hosts file entry is:
选择一个全限定域名 (FQDN)，和可能的别名，以供 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> 文件使用。如果使用静态 IP 地址，您还需要确定要使用的 IP 地址。hosts 文件条目的语法是：
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Build compiler cc-lfs using cc1 on pc.
在 pc 上使用 cc1 构建 cc-lfs
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so \
/usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins
ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so \
/usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Is an actual command, /usr/bin/[; it is a synonym for the <command>test</command> command
这是一个真实存在的命令，/usr/bin/[，它和 <command>test</command> 命令的功能相同。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">ninja install</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">LANG=en_US.UTF-8 ninja install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_groff — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Preprocessor for groff, allowing the insertion of Pinyin (Mandarin Chinese spelled with the Roman alphabet) into groff files.
groff 的预处理器，允许在 groff 文件中增加汉语拼音
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <command>console</command> script reads the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file for configuration information. Decide which keymap and screen font will be used. Various language-specific HOWTOs can also help with this; see <ulink url="https://tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>. If still in doubt, look in the <filename class="directory">/usr/share/keymaps</filename> and <filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename> directories for valid keymaps and screen fonts. Read the <ulink role='man' url='&man;loadkeys.1'>loadkeys(1)</ulink> and <ulink role='man' url='&man;setfont.8'>setfont(8)</ulink> manual pages to determine the correct arguments for these programs.
<command>console</command> 脚本读取 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> 中的配置信息。它根据配置决定使用何种键映射和控制台字体。一些与特定语言相关的 HOWTO 文档可以帮助您进行配置，参阅 <ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>。如果仍然有疑问，在<filename class="directory">/usr/share/keymaps</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename> 中寻找可用的键映射和控制台字体，并阅读 <filename>loadkeys(1)</filename> 和 <filename>setfont(8)</filename> man 页面，以确认应该传递给这两个程序的正确参数。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_pkgmgt — English
If you want to deploy the LFS system onto a system with a different CPU, when you build <xref linkend='ch-system-gmp'/> and <xref linkend='ch-system-libffi'/> you must follow the notes about overriding the architecture-specific optimization to produce libraries suitable for both the host system and the system(s) where you'll deploy the LFS system. Otherwise you'll get <computeroutput>Illegal Instruction</computeroutput> errors running LFS.
If you want to deploy the LFS system onto a system with a different CPU, when you build <xref linkend='ch-system-gmp'/> and <xref linkend='ch-system-libffi'/> you must follow the notes about overriding the architecture-specific optimization to produce libraries suitable for both the host system and the system(s) where you'll deploy the LFS system. Otherwise you'll get <computeroutput>Illegal Instruction</computeroutput> errors running LFS.
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — French
The output of the last command should be:
 
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Rebuild (and maybe test) cc-lfs using cc-lfs on lfs.
在 lfs 上使用 cc-lfs 重新构建并测试它本身
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file should contain lines of the form: <envar>VARIABLE=value</envar>. The following variables are recognized:
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> 文件应该包含若干行，每一行的的格式都是：变量名="值"。下列变量名会被识别：
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed programs
安装的程序
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_networkd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal>
<literal>私网地址范围 公共前缀长度
10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">tar -xf ../../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-man-version;.tar.xz \
--no-same-owner --strip-components=1 \
-C /usr/share/man</userinput>
<userinput remap="pre">tar -xf ../systemd-man-pages-&systemd-version;.tar.xz</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — French
Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header files:
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — French
<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' | cc -x c - -v -Wl,--verbose &amp;&gt; dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>
<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c
cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &amp;&gt; dummy.log
readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — English
There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — French
There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
Il ne devrait pas y avoir d'erreur et la sortie de la dernière commande devrait être (avec des différences spécifiques pour chaque plateforme dans le nom du chargeur dynamique)&nbsp;:
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_binutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep overloaded functions from clashing
被链接器用于 demangle C++ 和 Java 符号，防止重载函数冲突。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
is the <application>Python</application> documentation tool
是 <application>Python</application> 文档工具。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed directories
安装的目录
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This variable specifies the log level for kernel messages sent to the console as set by <command>dmesg -n</command>. Valid levels are from <literal>1</literal> (no messages) to <literal>8</literal>. The default level is <literal>7</literal>, which is quite verbose.
该变量指定被发送到控制台的内核消息日志级别，正如使用 <command>dmesg</command> 设置的那样。有效的级别是“1” (不输出内核消息) 到“8”之间的某个数。默认的日志级别是“7”。
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — English
The upshot of the preceding paragraph is that cc1 is unable to build a fully functional libstdc++ with the degraded libgcc, but cc1 is the only compiler available for building the C/C++ libraries during stage 2. As we've discussed, we cannot run cc-lfs on pc (the host distro) because it may require some library, code, or data not available on <quote>the build</quote> (the host distro). So when we build gcc stage 2, we override the library search path to link libstdc++ against the newly rebuilt libgcc instead of the old, degraded build. This makes the rebuilt libstdc++ fully functional.
The upshot of the preceding paragraph is that cc1 is unable to build a fully functional libstdc++ with the degraded libgcc, but cc1 is the only compiler available for building the C/C++ libraries during stage 2. As we've discussed, we cannot run cc-lfs on pc (the host distro) because it may require some library, code, or data not available on <quote>the build</quote> (the host distro). So when we build gcc stage 2, we override the library search path to link libstdc++ against the newly rebuilt libgcc instead of the old, degraded build. This makes the rebuilt libstdc++ fully functional.
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — French
The upshot of the preceding paragraph is that cc1 is unable to build a fully functional libstdc++ with the degraded libgcc, but cc1 is the only compiler available for building the C/C++ libraries during stage 2. As we've discussed, we cannot run cc-lfs on pc (the host distro) because it may require some library, code, or data not available on <quote>the build</quote> (the host distro). So when we build gcc stage 2, we override the library search path to link libstdc++ against the newly rebuilt libgcc instead of the old, degraded build. This makes the rebuilt libstdc++ fully functional.
La conséquence du paragraphe précédent est que cc1 est incapable de construire une libstdc++ complètement fonctionnelle avec la libgcc dégradée, mais cc1 est le seul compilateur disponible pour construire les bibliothèques C/C++ à la deuxième étape. Il y a deux raisons pour lesquelles nous n'utilisons pas immédiatement le compilateur construit à l'étape 2, cc-lfs, pour construire ces bibliothèques.
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The upshot of the preceding paragraph is that cc1 is unable to build a fully functional libstdc++ with the degraded libgcc, but cc1 is the only compiler available for building the C/C++ libraries during stage 2. As we've discussed, we cannot run cc-lfs on pc (the host distro) because it may require some library, code, or data not available on <quote>the build</quote> (the host distro). So when we build gcc stage 2, we override the library search path to link libstdc++ against the newly rebuilt libgcc instead of the old, degraded build. This makes the rebuilt libstdc++ fully functional.
讨论还没有结束：上面一段的结论是 cc1 无法构建功能完整的 libstdc++，但这是我们在阶段 2 构建 C/C++ 库时唯一可用的编译器！当然，在阶段 2 中构建的编译器 cc-lfs 将会可以构建这些库，但是 (1) GCC 构建系统不知道这个编译器在 pc 上可以使用，而且 (2) 它是一个本地编译器，因此在 pc 上使用它可能产生链接到 pc (宿主系统) 库的风险。因此我们必须在进入 chroot 后再次构建 libstdc++。
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — English
<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>
<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed libraries
安装的程序
Linux From Scratch/prologue_why — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This package produces a program that generates a perfect hash function from a set of keys. It is required by <phrase revision='sysv'>Udev</phrase> <phrase revision='systemd'>Systemd</phrase>.
这个软件包包含一个能够根据键值集合生成完美散列函数的程序。Eudev 需要该软件包。
Linux From Scratch/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — French
In &ch-final; (or <quote>stage 3</quote>), all the packages needed for the LFS system are built. Even if a package has already been installed into the LFS system in a previous chapter, we still rebuild the package. The main reason for rebuilding these packages is to make them stable: if we reinstall an LFS package on a completed LFS system, the reinstalled content of the package should be the same as the content of the same package when first installed in &ch-final;. The temporary packages installed in &ch-tmp-cross; or &ch-tmp-chroot; cannot satisfy this requirement, because some optional features of them are disabled because of either the missing dependencies or the <quote>cross-compilation mode.</quote> Additionally, a minor reason for rebuilding the packages is to run the test suites.
Dans le &ch-final;, (ou <quote>l’étape 3</quote>), tous les paquets nécessaires au système LFS sont construits. Même si vous avez déjà installé un paquet sur le système LFS dans un chapitre précédent, vous devrez reconstruire le paquet, à moins d’être certain qu’il n’est pas nécessaire. La stabilisation de ces paquets est la raison principale de leur reconstruction&nbsp;: si vous réinstallez un paquet LFS sur un système complet LFS, le contenu du paquet installé devrait être identique au contenu de ce paquet installé dans le &ch-final;. Les paquets temporaires installés dans le &ch-tmp-cross; ou le &ch-tmp-chroot; ne sont pas concernés, car certains d’entre eux sont construits sans dépendance optionnelle, et autoconf ne peut pas exécuter certaines vérifications dans le &ch-tmp-cross; à cause de la compilation croisée. Les paquets temporaires ne disposent donc pas de certaines fonctionnalités optionnelles ou utilisent des routines sous-optimales. De plus, en reconstruisant les paquets, vous permettez l’exécution de la suite de tests.
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — French
Now make sure that we're set up to use the correct start files:
Maintenant, assurez-vous que vous êtes prêt à utiliser les bons fichiers&nbsp;:
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This variable specifies the arguments for the <command>loadkeys</command> program, typically, the name of the keymap to load, e.g., <literal>it</literal>. If this variable is not set, the bootscript will not run the <command>loadkeys</command> program, and the default kernel keymap will be used. Note that a few keymaps have multiple versions with the same name (cz and its variants in qwerty/ and qwertz/, es in olpc/ and qwerty/, and trf in fgGIod/ and qwerty/). In these cases the parent directory should also be specified (e.g. qwerty/es) to ensure the proper keymap is loaded.
该变量指定传递给 <command>loadkeys</command> 程序的参数，它通常是需要加载的键映射名，例如<quote>it</quote>。如果这个变量没有设定，引导脚本不会运行 <command>loadkeys</command>，系统将使用内核的默认键映射。注意某些键映射有文件名相同的不同版本 (例如 cz 的和它的变体在 qwerty/ 和 qwertz/ 中，es 在 olpc/ 和 qwerty/ 中，以及 trf 在 fgGIod/ 和 qwerty/ 中)。在这种情况下，父目录名也要指定 (例如 qwerty/es)，以保证加载正确的键映射。
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — English
<computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
/mnt/lfs/tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-lfs-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
/mnt/lfs/tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-lfs-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
/mnt/lfs/usr/include</computeroutput>
<computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here:
/mnt/lfs/tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-lfs-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include
/mnt/lfs/tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-lfs-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed
/mnt/lfs/usr/include</computeroutput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
is the interpreter for Python, an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language
是一个解释性、交互性、面向对象的程序设计语言。
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — English
Again, the directory named after your target triplet may be different than the above, depending on your system architecture.
Again, the directory named after your target triplet may be different than the above, depending on your system architecture.
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — French
Again, the directory named after your target triplet may be different than the above, depending on your system architecture.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Again, the directory named after your target triplet may be different than the above, depending on your system architecture.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter08_gcc — French
The output of the last command should be:
La sortie de la dernière commande devrait être&nbsp;:
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This (rarely used) variable specifies the arguments for the second call to the <command>loadkeys</command> program. This is useful if the stock keymap is not completely satisfactory and a small adjustment has to be made. E.g., to include the Euro sign into a keymap that normally doesn't have it, set this variable to <literal>euro2</literal>.
这个 (很少使用的) 变量指定第二次调用 <command>loadkeys</command> 程序时使用的参数。如果现有的键映射不完全符合要求，需要进行微调，这个变量是很有用的。例如，如果需要为通常不包含欧元符号的键映射添加它，将这个变量设为<quote>euro2</quote>。
Linux From Scratch/chapter05_glibc — French
Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths: