Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_stripping — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If any package of which the version is different from the version specified by the book (either following a security advisory or satisfying personal preference), it may be necessary to update the the library file name in <envar>save_usrlib</envar> or <envar>online_usrlib</envar>. <emphasis role='bold'>Failing to do so may render the system completely unusable.</emphasis>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&markupsafe-fin-sbu;
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&jinja2-fin-sbu;
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_whatnow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<ulink url="https://seclists.org/oss-sec/">Open Source Security Mailing List</ulink>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
When you initially boot into LFS, you have all the internal tools to build additional packages. Unfortunately, the user environment is quite sparse. There are a couple of ways to improve this:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Backup
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/appendices_dependencies — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&runtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&wheel-fin-du;
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Finally, remove the temporary 'tester' user account created at the beginning of the previous chapter.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_stripping — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>save_usrlib="$(cd /usr/lib; ls ld-linux*[^g])
libc.so.6
libthread_db.so.1
libquadmath.so.&libquadmath-version;
libstdc++.so.&libstdcpp-version;
libitm.so.&libitm-version;
libatomic.so.&libatomic-version;"

cd /usr/lib

for LIB in $save_usrlib; do
objcopy --only-keep-debug $LIB $LIB.dbg
cp $LIB /tmp/$LIB
strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$LIB
objcopy --add-gnu-debuglink=$LIB.dbg /tmp/$LIB
install -vm755 /tmp/$LIB /usr/lib
rm /tmp/$LIB
done

online_usrbin="bash find strip"
online_usrlib="libbfd-&binutils-version;.so
libsframe.so.0.0.0
libhistory.so.&readline-soversion;
libncursesw.so.&ncurses-version;
libm.so.6
libreadline.so.&readline-soversion;
libz.so.&zlib-version;
$(cd /usr/lib; find libnss*.so* -type f)"

for BIN in $online_usrbin; do
cp /usr/bin/$BIN /tmp/$BIN
strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$BIN
install -vm755 /tmp/$BIN /usr/bin
rm /tmp/$BIN
done

for LIB in $online_usrlib; do
cp /usr/lib/$LIB /tmp/$LIB
strip --strip-unneeded /tmp/$LIB
install -vm755 /tmp/$LIB /usr/lib
rm /tmp/$LIB
done

for i in $(find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.so* ! -name \*dbg) \
$(find /usr/lib -type f -name \*.a) \
$(find /usr/{bin,sbin,libexec} -type f); do
case "$online_usrbin $online_usrlib $save_usrlib" in
*$(basename $i)* )
;;
* ) strip --strip-unneeded $i
;;
esac
done

unset BIN LIB save_usrlib online_usrbin online_usrlib
</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&markupsafe-fin-du;
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&jinja2-fin-du;
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If the Linux kernel needs to be upgraded (for example, from 5.10.17 to 5.10.18 or 5.11.1), nothing else needs to be rebuilt. The system will keep working fine thanks to the well-defined interface between the kernel and userspace. Specifically, Linux API headers need not be (and should not be, see the next item) upgraded along with the kernel. You will merely need to reboot your system to use the upgraded kernel.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Classically, run level 2 above was defined as "multi-user mode without networking", but this was only the case many years ago when multiple users could connect to a system via serial ports. In today's environment it makes no sense, and we now say it is "reserved".
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_whatnow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This is a mailing list for discussion of security flaws, concepts, and practices in the Open Source community.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Work from the LFS host in chroot
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
At this point the essential programs and libraries have been created and your current LFS system is in a good state. Your system can now be backed up for later reuse. In case of fatal failures in the subsequent chapters, it often turns out that removing everything and starting over (more carefully) is the best way to recover. Unfortunately, all the temporary files will be removed, too. To avoid spending extra time to redo something which has been done successfully, creating a backup of the current LFS system may prove useful.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installation of Wheel
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>userdel -r tester</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_stripping — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
A large number of files will be flagged as errors because their file format is not recognized. These warnings can be safely ignored. They indicate that those files are scripts, not binaries.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installation of MarkupSafe
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installation of Jinja2
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/prologue_typography — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Please configure your browser to display fixed-width text with a good monospaced font, with which you can distinguish the glyphs of <literal>Il1</literal> or <literal>O0</literal> clearly.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/prologue_standards — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This method provides a complete graphical environment where a full featured browser and copy/paste capabilities are available. This method allows using applications like the host's version of wget to download package sources to a location available when working in the chroot envirnment.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_resources — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Chapter&nbsp;1 - Mirror sites
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
All the remaining steps in this section are optional. Nevertheless, as soon as you begin installing packages in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>, the temporary files will be overwritten. So it may be a good idea to do a backup of the current system as described below.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter04_aboutsbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The times presented here are based upon using four cores (-j4). The times in Chapter 8 also include the time to run the regression tests for the package unless specified otherwise.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_autoconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First, fix several problems with the tests caused by bash-5.2 and later:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Compile Wheel with the following command:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If your system has UEFI support and you wish to boot LFS with UEFI, you can skip this package in LFS, and install GRUB with UEFI support (and its dependencies) by following the instructions on <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/grub-efi.html">the BLFS page</ulink>.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_eudev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First fix the location of udev rules in the .pc file:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_mpfr — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Fix a test case based on a bug of old Glibc releases:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_make — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First, fix some issues identified upstream:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Compile MarkupSafe with the following command:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Build the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_dejagnu — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The upstream recommends building DejaGNU in a dedicated build directory:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First, fix a security issue in systemd-coredump:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_grep — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First, remove a warning about using egrep and fgrep that makes tests on some packages fail:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_binutils-pass2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Binutils ships an outdated copy of libtool in the tarball. It lacks sysroot support, so the produced binaries will be mistakenly linked to libraries from the host distro. Work around this issue:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_make — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First, fix an issue identified upstream:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <command>file</command> command on the build host needs to be the same version as the one we are building in order to create the signature file. Run the following commands to make a temporary copy of the <command>file</command> command:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In order to properly build packages in chroot, you will also need to remember to mount the virtual file systems if they are not already mounted. One way to do this is to create a script on the <emphasis role="bold">HOST</emphasis> system:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The FHS recommends using the <filename class="directory">/var/lib/hwclock</filename> directory instead of the usual <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> directory as the location for the <filename>adjtime</filename> file. Create this directory with:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The following steps are performed from outside the chroot environment. That means you have to leave the chroot environment first before continuing. The reason for that is to get access to file system locations outside of the chroot environment to store/read the backup archive, which ought not be placed within the <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> hierarchy.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_creatingdirs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The FHS does not mandate the existence of the directory <filename class="directory">/usr/lib64</filename>, and the LFS editors have decided not to use it. For the instructions in LFS and BLFS to work correctly, it is imperative that this directory be non-existent. From time to time you should verify that it does not exist, because it is easy to create it inadvertently, and this will probably break your system.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_autoconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's/SECONDS|/&amp;SHLVL|/' \
-e '/BASH_ARGV=/a\ /^SHLVL=/ d' \
-i.orig tests/local.at</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">PYTHONPATH=src pip3 wheel -w dist --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_findutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">case $(uname -m) in
i?86) TIME_T_32_BIT_OK=yes ./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate ;;
x86_64) ./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var/lib/locate ;;
esac</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Unset any environment variables which may affect the build:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_mpfr — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's/+01,234,567/+1,234,567 /' \
-e 's/13.10Pd/13Pd/' \
-i tests/tsprintf.c</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_make — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/ifdef SIGPIPE/,+2 d' \
-e '/undef FATAL_SIG/i FATAL_SIG (SIGPIPE);' \
-i src/main.c</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If a package containing a shared library is updated, and the name of the library doesn't change, but the version number of the library <emphasis role="bold">file</emphasis> decreases (for example, the library is still named <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename>, but the name of the library file is changed from <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1.25</filename> to <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1.24</filename>), you should remove the library file from the previously installed version (<filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1.25</filename> in this case). Otherwise, a <command>ldconfig</command> command (invoked by yourself from the command line, or by the installation of some package) will reset the symlink <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename> to point to the old library file because it seems to be a <quote>newer</quote> version; its version number is larger. This situation may arise if you have to downgrade a package, or if the authors change the versioning scheme for library files.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter09_networkd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The interface names depend on the implementation and configuration of the udev daemon running on the system. The udev daemon for LFS (<command>systemd-udevd</command>, installed in <xref linkend="ch-system-systemd"/>) will not run unless the LFS system is booted. So it's unreliable to determine the interface names being used in LFS system by running those commands on the host distro, <emphasis>even though you are in the chroot environment</emphasis>.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_make — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -e '/ifdef SIGPIPE/,+2 d' \
-e '/undef FATAL_SIG/i FATAL_SIG (SIGPIPE);' \
-i src/main.c</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">mkdir build
pushd build
../configure --disable-bzlib \
--disable-libseccomp \
--disable-xzlib \
--disable-zlib
make
popd</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<command>cat &gt; ~/mount-virt.sh &lt;&lt; "EOF"
#!/bin/bash

function mountbind
{
if ! mountpoint $LFS/$1 >/dev/null; then
$SUDO mount --bind /$1 $LFS/$1
echo $LFS/$1 mounted
else
echo $LFS/$1 already mounted
fi
}

function mounttype
{
if ! mountpoint $LFS/$1 >/dev/null; then
$SUDO mount -t $2 $3 $4 $5 $LFS/$1
echo $LFS/$1 mounted
else
echo $LFS/$1 already mounted
fi
}

if [ $EUID -ne 0 ]; then
SUDO=sudo
else
SUDO=""
fi

if [ x$LFS == x ]; then
echo "LFS not set"
exit 1
fi

mountbind dev
mounttype dev/pts devpts devpts -o gid=5,mode=620
mounttype proc proc proc
mounttype sys sysfs sysfs
mounttype run tmpfs run
if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
else
mounttype dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev
fi

#mountbind usr/src
#mountbind boot
#mountbind home
EOF</command>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If you have decided to make a backup, leave the chroot environment:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install Wheel with the following command:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_zstd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In the test output there are several places that indicate 'failed'. These are expected and only 'FAIL' is an actual test failure. There should be no test failures.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Fix a security issue identified upstream:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_readline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Now fix a problem identified upstream:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This package does not come with a test suite.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If a package containing a shared library is updated, and the name of the library doesn't change, but a severe issue (especially, a security vulnerability) is fixed, all running programs linked to the shared library should be restarted. The following command, run as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> after the update is complete, will list which processes are using the old versions of those libraries (replace <replaceable>libfoo</replaceable> with the name of the library):
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The meaning of the new configure option:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Note that the last three commands in the script are commented out. These are useful if those directories are mounted as separate partitions on the host system and will be mounted when booting the completed LFS/BLFS system.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The above command is correct. The <command>ln</command> command has several syntactic versions, so be sure to check <command>info coreutils ln</command> and <filename>ln(1)</filename> before reporting what may appear to be an error.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In other host systems <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a mount point for a tmpfs. In that case the mount of /dev above will only create /dev/shm as a directory in the chroot environment. In this situation we must explicitly mount a tmpfs:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>exit</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 install --no-index --find-links=dist wheel</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_zstd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To test the results, issue:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed '/width -=/s/workend - string/number_length/' \
-i stdio-common/vfprintf-process-arg.c</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Don't try <quote>tuning</quote> this package with custom compilation flags. This package is a bootloader. The low-level operations in the source code may be broken by aggressive optimization.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_readline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&readline-fixes-patch;</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_dbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--runstatedir=/run</parameter> and <parameter>--with-system-socket=/run/dbus/system_bus_socket</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 install --no-index --no-user --find-links dist Jinja2</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The test suite requires some packages outside the scope of LFS.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>grep -l -e '<replaceable>libfoo</replaceable>.*deleted' /proc/*/maps |
tr -cd 0-9\\n | xargs -r ps u</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--disable-*</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The script can be run with <command>bash ~/mount-virt.sh</command> as either a regular user (recommended) or as &root;. If run as a regular user, sudo is required on the host system.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
All of the following instructions are executed by <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> on your host system. Take extra care about the commands you're going to run as mistakes made here can modify your host system. Be aware that the environment variable <envar>LFS</envar> is set for user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> by default but may <emphasis>not</emphasis> be set for <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter04_addinguser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If you want to log in as &lfs-user; or switch to &lfs-user; from a non-&root; user (as opposed to switching to user &lfs-user; when logged in as &root;, which does not require the &lfs-user; user to have a password), you need to set a password for &lfs-user;. Issue the following command as the &root; user to set the password:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The meaning of the pip3 configuration options and commands:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_findutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This setting is needed for building on a 32 bit system.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Fix an issue causing <command>grub-install</command> to fail when the <filename class='directory'>/boot</filename> partition (or the root partition if <filename class='directory'>/boot</filename> is not a separate partition) is created by e2fsprogs-1.47.0 or later:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 install --no-index --no-user --find-links dist Markupsafe</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Contents of Jinja2
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If <application>OpenSSH</application> is being used to access the system and it is linked to the updated library, you must restart the <command>sshd</command> service, then logout, login again, and rerun the preceding ps command to confirm that nothing is still using the deleted libraries.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If you wish to include <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> and/or <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> in the <envar>PATH</envar> for some reason, modify the <envar>PATH</envar> in <filename>.bashrc</filename> after LFS has been built.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The configuration script attempts to use some packages from the host distribution if the corresponding library files exist. It may cause compilation failure if a library file exists, but the corresponding header files do not. These options prevent using these unneeded capabilities from the host.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Another issue pointed out by the script is where to store downloaded package files. This location is arbitrary. It can be in a regular user's home directory such as ~/sources or in a global location like /usr/src. Our recommendation is not to mix BLFS sources and LFS sources in (from the chroot environment) /sources. In any case, the packages must be accessible inside the chroot environment.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Whenever commands are to be executed by <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, make sure you have set <envar>LFS</envar>.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<envar>PYTHONPATH=src</envar>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap='pre'>patch -Np1 -i ../grub-&grub-version;-upstream_fixes-1.patch</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Contents of MarkupSafe
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed directory