Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The following commands are extremely dangerous. If you run <command>rm -rf ./*</command> as the &root; user and you do not change to the $LFS directory or the <envar>LFS</envar> environment variable is not set for the &root; user, it will destroy your entire host system. YOU ARE WARNED.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Enable some additional features if you are building a 64-bit system. If you are using menuconfig, enable them in the order of <parameter>CONFIG_PCI_MSI</parameter> first, then <parameter>CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP</parameter>, at last <parameter>CONFIG_X86_X2APIC</parameter> because an option only shows up after its dependencies are selected.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/appendices_dependencies — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Bash, Coreutils, Grep, M4, Sed, and Texinfo
Bash, Coreutils, Grep, M4, Make, Perl, Sed, 以及 Texinfo
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter04_settingenviron — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Several commercial distributions add an undocumented instantiation of <filename>/etc/bash.bashrc</filename> to the initialization of <command>bash</command>. This file has the potential to modify the <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> user's environment in ways that can affect the building of critical LFS packages. To make sure the <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> user's environment is clean, check for the presence of <filename>/etc/bash.bashrc</filename> and, if present, move it out of the way. As the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, run:
一些商业发行版未做文档说明地将 <filename>/etc/bash.bashrc</filename> 引入 <command>bash</command> 初始化过程。该文件可能修改 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 用户的环境，并影响 LFS 关键软件包的构建。为了保证 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 用户环境的纯净，检查 <filename>/etc/bash.bashrc</filename> 是否存在，如果它存在就将它移走。以 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 用户身份，运行：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_intltool — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_autoconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Contents of Wheel
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_libffi — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered important, but it takes a long time. First-time builders are encouraged to run the test suite. The time to run the tests can be reduced significantly by adding -jx to the <command>make -k check</command> command below, where x is the number of CPU cores on your system.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blkzone, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu, chmem, choom, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg, eject, fallocate, fdisk, fincore, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hardlink, hexdump, hwclock, i386 (link to setarch), ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, irqtop, isosize, kill, last, lastb (link to last), ldattach, linux32 (link to setarch), linux64 (link to setarch), logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu, lsipc, lsirq, lsfd, lslocks, lslogins, lsmem, lsns, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pivot_root, prlimit, readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rfkill, rtcwake, script, scriptlive, scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel, swapoff, swapon, switch_root, taskset, uclampset, ul, umount, uname26 (link to setarch), unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, uuidparse, wall, wdctl, whereis, wipefs, x86_64 (link to setarch), and zramctl
addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blkzone, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu, chmem, choom, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg, eject, fallocate, fdformat, fdisk, fincore, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck, fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hexdump, hwclock, i386, ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, kill, last, lastb (到 last 的链接), ldattach, linux32, linux64, logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu, lsipc, lslocks, lslogins, lsmem, lsns, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap, more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pivot_root, prlimit, raw, readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rfkill, rtcwake, script, scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel, swapoff (到 swapon 的链接), swapon, switch_root, taskset, ul, umount, uname26, unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, uuidparse, wall, wdctl, whereis, wipefs, x86_64, 以及 zramctl
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_check — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<filename class="libraryfile">libcheck.so</filename>
<filename class="libraryfile">libcheck.{a,so}</filename>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_expect — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
libexpect&expect-version;.so
libexpect-&expect-lib-version;.so
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_eudev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Information about hardware devices is maintained in the <filename class="directory">/etc/udev/hwdb.d</filename> and <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/udev/hwdb.d</filename> directories. <application>Eudev</application> needs that information to be compiled into a binary database <filename>/etc/udev/hwdb.bin</filename>. Create the initial database:
硬件设备的相关信息被维护在 <filename class="directory">/etc/udev/hwdb.d</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/lib/udev/hwdb.d</filename> 目录中。<application>Eudev</application> 需要将这些信息编译到二进制数据库 <filename>/etc/udev/hwdb.bin</filename> 中。初始化该数据库：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_mpfr — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_gdbm — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/{libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss}.a</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">chmod -v u+w /usr/lib/{libcom_err,libe2p,libext2fs,libss}.a</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_bzip2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the shared <command>bzip2</command> binary into the <filename class="directory">/usr/bin</filename> directory, and replace two copies of <command>bzip2</command> with symlinks:
安装链接到共享库的 <command>bzip2</command> 二进制程序到 <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> 目录，创建必要的符号链接，并进行清理：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">cat &gt; /etc/pip.conf &lt;&lt; EOF
<literal>[global]
root-user-action = ignore
disable-pip-version-check = true</literal>
EOF
</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_inetutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Move a program to the proper location:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<filename class="libraryfile">libelf</filename>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_vim — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
By default, Vim's documentation is installed in <filename class="directory">/usr/share/vim</filename>. The following symlink allows the documentation to be accessed via <filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc/vim-&vim-version;</filename>, making it consistent with the location of documentation for other packages:
默认情况下，Vim 的文档安装在 <filename class="directory">/usr/share/vim</filename> 中。下面创建符号链接，使得可以通过 <filename class="directory">/usr/share/doc/vim-&vim-version;</filename> 访问符号链接，这个路径与其他软件包的文档位置格式一致：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_libcap — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/prologue_why — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This package supplies a framework for testing other programs.
这个软件包包含用于测试其他程序的框架。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter09_profile — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <quote>C</quote> (default) and <quote>en_US.utf8</quote> (the recommended one for United States English users) locales are different. <quote>C</quote> uses the US-ASCII 7-bit character set, and treats bytes with the high-order bit set <quote>on</quote> as invalid characters. That's why, e.g., the <command>ls</command> command displays them as question marks in that locale. Also, an attempt to send mail with such characters from Mutt or Pine results in non-RFC-conforming messages being sent (the charset in the outgoing mail is indicated as <quote>unknown 8-bit</quote>). So you can only use the <quote>C</quote> locale if you are sure you will never need 8-bit characters.
<quote>C</quote> (默认 locale) 和<quote>en_US</quote>(推荐美式英语用户使用的 locale) 是不同的。<quote>C</quote> locale 使用 US-ASCII 7 位字符集，并且将最高位为 1 的字节视为无效字符。因此，<command>ls</command> 等命令会将它们替换为问号。另外，如果试图用 Mutt 或 Pine 发送包含这些字符的邮件，会发出不符合 RFC 标准的消息 (发出邮件的字符集会被标为<quote>未知 8 位</quote>)。因此，您只能在确信自己永远不会使用 8 位字符时才能使用<quote>C</quote> locale。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_gcc-pass2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>LDFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=...</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--enable-default-pie and --enable-default-ssp</parameter>
<parameter>--enable-initfini-array</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This disables building gprofng which is not needed for the temporary tools.
该选项禁用临时工具不需要的国际化功能。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_whatsnew — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
MarkupSafe-&markupsafe-version;
Man-pages-&man-pages-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_libstdc__ — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove the libtool archive files because they are harmful for cross-compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Any separate partition that you want automatically mounted when the system starts must be specified in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file. Details about how to specify partitions will be discussed in <xref linkend="ch-bootable-fstab"/>.
如果您希望在启动时自动挂载任何一个独立的分区，就要在 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 文件中说明。有关指定分区的细节将在 <xref linkend="ch-bootable-fstab"/> 中讨论。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<computeroutput>cd $LFS
rm -rf ./*
tar -xpf $HOME/lfs-temp-tools-&version;.tar.xz</computeroutput>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Processor type and features ---&gt;
[*] Support x2apic [CONFIG_X86_X2APIC]
Device Drivers ---&gt;
[*] PCI Support ---&gt; [CONFIG_PCI]
[*] Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI and MSI-X) [CONFIG_PCI_MSI]
[*] IOMMU Hardware Support ---&gt; [CONFIG_IOMMU_SUPPORT]
[*] Support for Interrupt Remapping [CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP]
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed program
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_flex — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Making your LFS system bootable with GRUB will be discussed in <xref linkend="ch-bootable-grub"/>.
使用 GRUB 引导您的 LFS 系统的方法将在 <xref linkend="ch-bootable-grub"/> 中讨论。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Rename a man page that conflicts with a Perl man page:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_expat — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The installation of this package will overwrite <filename class="libraryfile">libncursesw.so.&ncurses-version;</filename> in-place. It may crash the shell process which is using code and data from the library file. Install the package with <literal>DESTDIR</literal>, and replace the library file correctly using <command>install</command> command:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_bzip2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">cp -v bzip2-shared /usr/bin/bzip2
for i in /usr/bin/{bzcat,bunzip2}; do
ln -sfv bzip2 $i
done</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make PREFIX=/usr install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In LFS and BLFS we normally build and install Python modules with the <command>pip3</command> command. Please be sure that the <command>pip3 install</command> commands in both books are run as the &root; user (unless it's for a Python virtual environment). Running <command>pip3 install</command> as a non-&root; user may seem to work, but it will cause the installed module to be inaccessible by other users.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_procps — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
libproc-2.so
libprocps.so
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_inetutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/{,s}bin/ifconfig</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This switch prevents installation of systemd services responsible for setting up the <filename>/etc/group</filename> and <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> files. Both files were created in the previous chapter. This daemon is not useful on an LFS system since user accounts are manually created.
这个开关防止 systemd 安装负责设定 <filename>/etc/group</filename> 和 <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> 文件的服务。我们在上一章已经创建了这两个文件。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The installation will work, but the dependent packages may not link to libfoo as you would expect. If you compile a package that links against libfoo, you may notice that it is linked to <filename class='libraryfile'>/usr/pkg/libfoo/1.1/lib/libfoo.so.1</filename> instead of <filename class='libraryfile'>/usr/lib/libfoo.so.1</filename> as you would expect. The correct approach is to use the <envar>DESTDIR</envar> variable to direct the installation. This approach works as follows:
尽管安装过程本身可以顺利进行，但依赖于它的软件包可能不会像您期望的那样链接 libfoo 库。如果要编译一个依赖于 libfoo 的软件包，您可能发现它链接到了 <filename class='libraryfile'>/usr/pkg/libfoo/1.1/lib/libfoo.so.1</filename> 而不是您期望的 <filename class='libraryfile'>/usr/lib/libfoo.so.1</filename>。正确的做法是使用 <envar>DESTDIR</envar> 策略伪装软件包的安装过程。就像下面这样做：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_kbd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/doc/kbd-&kbd-version;
cp -R -v docs/doc/* /usr/share/doc/kbd-&kbd-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/kbd-&kbd-version;
cp -R -v docs/doc/* /usr/share/doc/kbd-&kbd-version;</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_tar — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Contains API functions to handle ELF object files
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter09_network — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable> needs to be replaced with the name given to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) here. That information goes in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file.
<replaceable>&lt;lfs&gt;</replaceable> 需要被替换为赋予该计算机的名称。不要在这里输入全限定域名 (FQDN)，它应该被写入 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> 文件。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter09_profile — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
UTF-8 based locales are not supported well by some programs. Work is in progress to document and, if possible, fix such problems. See <ulink url="&blfs-book;introduction/locale-issues.html"/>.
许多程序不能很好地支持基于 UTF-8 的 locale。我们正在努力记录并 (如果可能的话) 修复它们，参阅 <ulink url="&blfs-book;introduction/locale-issues.html"/>。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_gcc-pass2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Allow <filename class="libraryfile">libstdc++</filename> to use the shared <filename class="libraryfile">libgcc</filename> being built in this pass, instead of the static version that was built in GCC pass 1. This is necessary to support C++ exception handling.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This ensures that Ncurses does not build support for the Ada compiler, which may be present on the host but will not be available once we enter the <command>chroot</command> environment.
这保证不构建 Ncurses 的 Ada 编译器支持，宿主环境可能有 Ada 编译器，但进入 <command>chroot</command> 环境后 Ada 编译器就不再可用。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter>
<parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Those switches allow GCC to compile programs with some hardening security features (more information on those in the <xref linkend="pie-ssp-info"/> in chapter 8) by default. The are not strictly needed at this stage, since the compiler will only produce temporary executables. But it is cleaner to have the temporary packages be as close as possible to the final ones.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_changelog — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
[xry111] - Update to vim-9.0.1273. Addresses <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;4500">#4500</ulink>.
[bdubbs] — 更新到 vim-8.2.1206。处理 <ulink url="&lfs-ticket-root;4500">#4500</ulink>。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Build compiler ccC using cc2 on machine B.
在机器 B 上，使用 cc2 构建交叉编译器 ccC
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_libstdc__ — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">rm -v $LFS/usr/lib/lib{stdc++,stdc++fs,supc++}.la</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$LFS install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_hostreqs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To see whether your host system has all the appropriate versions, and the ability to compile programs, run the following commands:
为了确定您的宿主系统拥有每个软件的合适版本，且能够编译程序，请运行下列脚本。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Again, double check that the environment has been set up properly and continue building the rest of the system.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter04_settingenviron — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
When the <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> user is no longer needed (at the beginning of <xref linkend="chapter-chroot-temporary-tools"/>), you may safely restore <filename>/etc/bash.bashrc</filename> (if desired).
<systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 用户在<xref linkend="chapter-chroot-temporary-tools"/>一章开始后，就不再被使用，您 (如果希望的话) 可以复原 <filename>/etc/bash.bashrc</filename> 文件。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed directories
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_libffi — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Contains the foreign function interface API functions
包含 libffi API 函数
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</parameter>
<parameter>libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_findutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_expect — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">mv /usr/share/man/man3/{Thread,Tcl_Thread}.3</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Fix some of the permissions so that the non-&root; user can compile and run the tests:
修正访问权限，使得非 root 用户可以编译和运行测试：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_ninja — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$PWD/dest install
install -vm755 dest/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.&ncurses-version; /usr/lib
rm -v dest/usr/lib/libncursesw.so.&ncurses-version;
cp -av dest/* /</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">mkdir -v /usr/share/doc/ncurses-&ncurses-version;
cp -v -R doc/* /usr/share/doc/ncurses-&ncurses-version;</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_bzip2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove a useless static library:
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_sysvinit — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Normally invokes <command>shutdown</command> with the <parameter>-h</parameter> option, but when already in run-level 0, it tells the kernel to halt the system; it notes in the file <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> that the system is going down
通常调用 <command>shutdown</command> 并传递 <parameter>-h</parameter> 参数，除非已经处于运行级别 0，则它会通知内核停止系统运行；在系统被关闭时，它在 <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> 文件中进行记录
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<command>pip3 install</command> will not reinstall an already installed module automatically. When using the <command>pip3 install</command> command to upgrade a module (for example, from meson-0.61.3 to meson-0.62.0), insert the option <parameter>--upgrade</parameter> into the command line. If it's really necessary to downgrade a module, or reinstall the same version for some reason, insert <parameter>--force-reinstall --no-deps</parameter> into the command line.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_gawk — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
awk (link to gawk), gawk, and gawk-&gawk-version;
awk (link to gawk), gawk, 以及 awk-&gawk-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_procps — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
/usr/include/procps and /usr/share/doc/procps-ng-&procps-ng-version;
/usr/include/proc 和 /usr/share/doc/procps-ng-&procps-ng-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_pkgconfig — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
libelf
Libelf
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_grep — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Prints lines matching a list of fixed strings. It is obsolete, use <command>grep -F</command> instead
打印与固定字符串匹配的行
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">make exec_prefix=/usr install
make -C man install-man</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_vim — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If an X Window System is going to be installed on the LFS system, it may be necessary to recompile Vim after installing X. Vim comes with a GUI version of the editor that requires X and some additional libraries to be installed. For more information on this process, refer to the Vim documentation and the Vim installation page in the BLFS book at <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/vim.html"/>.
如果在安装 LFS 系统后安装了 X 窗口系统，可能需要在安装 X 后重新编译 Vim。Vim 提供的 GUI 版本编辑器需要 X 和一些额外的软件包才能安装。关于这一安装过程的更多信息，参考 Vim 文档和 BLFS 手册中位于 <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/vim.html"/> 的 Vim 安装页面。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--disable-stripping</parameter>
<parameter>--enable-widec</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This ensures that the library is installed in /usr/lib instead of the default /lib64 on 64-bit machines.
在 64 位机器上，这保证将库安装到 /lib，而不是默认的 /lib64。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_changelog — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
[xry111] - Remove <option>--disable-exec-static-tramp</option> for libffi.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_whatsnew — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
MPC-&mpc-version;
MPFR-&mpfr-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Then, all the programs needed by machine C can be compiled using cc2 on the fast machine B. Note that unless B can run programs produced for C, there is no way to test the newly built programs until machine C itself is running. For example, to run a test suite on ccC, we may want to add a fourth stage:
这样，我们可以为机器 C 使用 cc2 在快速的机器 B 上构建所有其他程序。注意除非 B 能运行为 C 编译的程序，我们无法测试编译得到的程序，直到在 C 上运行它。例如，如果要测试 ccC，我们可以增加第四个阶段：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_hostreqs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; version-check.sh &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/bash
# Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
export LC_ALL=C
bash --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-4
MYSH=$(readlink -f /bin/sh)
echo "/bin/sh -&gt; $MYSH"
echo $MYSH | grep -q bash || echo "ERROR: /bin/sh does not point to bash"
unset MYSH

echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
bison --version | head -n1

if [ -h /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
echo "/usr/bin/yacc -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
echo yacc is `/usr/bin/yacc --version | head -n1`
else
echo "yacc not found"
fi

echo -n "Coreutils: "; chown --version | head -n1 | cut -d")" -f2
diff --version | head -n1
find --version | head -n1
gawk --version | head -n1

if [ -h /usr/bin/awk ]; then
echo "/usr/bin/awk -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/awk ]; then
echo awk is `/usr/bin/awk --version | head -n1`
else
echo "awk not found"
fi

gcc --version | head -n1
g++ --version | head -n1
grep --version | head -n1
gzip --version | head -n1
cat /proc/version
m4 --version | head -n1
make --version | head -n1
patch --version | head -n1
echo Perl `perl -V:version`
python3 --version
sed --version | head -n1
tar --version | head -n1
makeinfo --version | head -n1 # texinfo version
xz --version | head -n1

echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c &amp;&amp; g++ -o dummy dummy.c
if [ -x dummy ]
then echo "g++ compilation OK";
else echo "g++ compilation failed"; fi
rm -f dummy.c dummy</literal>
EOF

bash version-check.sh</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; version-check.sh &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/bash
# Simple script to list version numbers of critical development tools
export LC_ALL=C
bash --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2-4
MYSH=$(readlink -f /bin/sh)
echo "/bin/sh -&gt; $MYSH"
echo $MYSH | grep -q bash || echo "ERROR: /bin/sh does not point to bash"
unset MYSH

echo -n "Binutils: "; ld --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f3-
bison --version | head -n1

if [ -h /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
echo "/usr/bin/yacc -> `readlink -f /usr/bin/yacc`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/yacc ]; then
echo yacc is `/usr/bin/yacc --version | head -n1`
else
echo "yacc not found"
fi

bzip2 --version 2&gt;&amp;1 &lt; /dev/null | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f1,6-
echo -n "Coreutils: "; chown --version | head -n1 | cut -d")" -f2
diff --version | head -n1
find --version | head -n1
gawk --version | head -n1

if [ -h /usr/bin/awk ]; then
echo "/usr/bin/awk -&gt; `readlink -f /usr/bin/awk`";
elif [ -x /usr/bin/awk ]; then
echo awk is `/usr/bin/awk --version | head -n1`
else
echo "awk not found"
fi

gcc --version | head -n1
g++ --version | head -n1
ldd --version | head -n1 | cut -d" " -f2- # glibc version
grep --version | head -n1
gzip --version | head -n1
cat /proc/version
m4 --version | head -n1
make --version | head -n1
patch --version | head -n1
echo Perl `perl -V:version`
python3 --version
sed --version | head -n1
tar --version | head -n1
makeinfo --version | head -n1 # texinfo version
xz --version | head -n1

echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c &amp;&amp; g++ -o dummy dummy.c
if [ -x dummy ]
then echo "g++ compilation OK";
else echo "g++ compilation failed"; fi
rm -f dummy.c dummy</literal>
EOF

bash version-check.sh</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If you left the chroot environment to create a backup or restart building using a restore, remember to check that the virtual file systems are still mounted (<command>findmnt | grep $LFS</command>). If they are not mounted, remount them now as described in <xref linkend='ch-tools-kernfs'/> and re-enter the chroot environment (see <xref linkend='ch-tools-chroot'/>) before continuing.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
/usr/lib/python&python-minor;/site-packages/wheel and /usr/lib/python&python-minor;/site-packages/wheel-&wheel-version;.dist-info
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Optionally, install the documentation by issuing the following commands:
首先，运行以下命令解压文档：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_dbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_binutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Use the installed zlib library instead of building the included version.
使用安装好的 zlib 库，而不是构建附带的版本。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_bzip2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/libbz2.a</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make PREFIX=/usr install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This switch disables installation of RPM Macros for use with systemd, because LFS does not support RPM.
该选项禁止安装用于 systemd 的 RPM 宏，因为 LFS 并不支持 RPM。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Most packages support this approach, but there are some which do not. For the non-compliant packages, you may either need to install the package manually, or you may find that it is easier to install some problematic packages into <filename class='directory'>/opt</filename>.
多数软件包可以这样安装，但有些不能。对于那些不兼容的软件包，您要么亲自动手安装，要么更简单地把一些出问题的软件包安装在 <filename class='directory'>/opt</filename>中。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_libtool — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Please note that the <command>localectl</command> command doesn't work in the chroot environment. It can only be used after the LFS system is booted with systemd.
请注意 <command>localectl</command> 只能在使用 systemd 引导的系统中使用。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This switch prevents the building system from using the <command>strip</command> program from the host. Using host tools on cross-compiled programs can cause failure.
 
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This switch forces GCC to link its internal libraries statically. We need this because the shared libraries require Glibc, which is not yet installed on the target system.
这个开关强制 GCC 静态链接它的内部库。我们必须这样做，因为动态库需要目标系统中尚未安装的 glibc。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_whatsnew — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
MPFR-&mpfr-version;
MPFR-&mpfr-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If your host hardware is using UEFI and you wish to boot the LFS system with it, you should adjust some kernel configuration following <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/grub-setup.html#uefi-kernel"> the BLFS page</ulink>.