Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_inetutils — Greek
These parameters disable building obsolete programs that should not be used due to security issues. The functions provided by these programs can be provided by the <application>openssh</application> package in the BLFS book.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_man-db — Greek
<parameter>--with-...</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_systemd — Greek
This switch turns off the experimental DNSSEC support.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_shadow — Greek
Prepare Shadow for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_vim — Greek
To prepare the tests, ensure that user <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> can write to the source tree:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_ncurses — Greek
This prevents Ncurses installing compressed manual pages, which may happen if the host distribution itself has compressed manual pages.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_glibc — Greek
<userinput remap="pre">echo "rootsbindir=/usr/sbin" &gt; configparms</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_createfiles — Greek
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
systemd-journal:x:23:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:
systemd-network:x:76:
systemd-resolve:x:77:
systemd-timesync:x:78:
systemd-coredump:x:79:
uuidd:x:80:
systemd-oom:x:81:
wheel:x:97:
users:x:999:
nogroup:x:65534:</literal>
EOF</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_python — Greek
Compile the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_bison — Greek
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gmp — Greek
<parameter>--docdir=/usr/share/doc/gmp-&gmp-version;</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libffi — Greek
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_mpc — Greek
Contents of MPC
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_expect — Greek
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_mpfr — Greek
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_sed — Greek
Contents of Sed
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_readline — Greek
This option tells Readline that it can find the termcap library functions in the curses library, not a separate termcap library. This will generate the correct <filename>readline.pc</filename> file.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_pkgconf — Greek
Contents of Pkgconf
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_bash — Greek
To prepare the tests, ensure that the <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user can write to the sources tree:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_attr — Greek
Contents of Attr
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_ninja — Greek
<parameter>--bootstrap</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libxcrypt — Greek
Disable failure token feature. It's needed for compatibility with the traditional hash libraries of some platforms, but a Linux system based on Glibc does not need it.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_expat — Greek
If desired, install the documentation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_dejagnu — Greek
Contents of DejaGNU
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_python — Greek
This switch enables extensive, but time-consuming, optimization steps. The interpreter is built twice; tests performed on the first build are used to improve the optimized final version.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_openssl — Greek
<userinput remap="install">sed -i '/INSTALL_LIBS/s/libcrypto.a libssl.a//' Makefile
make MANSUFFIX=ssl install</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gawk — Greek
Install the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_acl — Greek
Installed programs
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_tar — Greek
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libelf — Greek
<userinput remap="install">make -C libelf install
install -vm644 config/libelf.pc /usr/lib/pkgconfig
rm /usr/lib/libelf.a</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_typography — Greek
<replaceable>[OPTIONAL TEXT]</replaceable>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_symlinks — Greek
<literal>ATTR{type}=="1"</literal> - This ensures the rule only matches the primary interface in the case of certain wireless drivers which create multiple virtual interfaces. The secondary interfaces are skipped for the same reason that VLAN and bridge sub-interfaces are skipped: there would be a name collision otherwise.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_make — Greek
<userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$LFS install</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_coreutils — Greek
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_xz — Greek
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-xz" role="."/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_bash — Greek
<userinput remap="install">make DESTDIR=$LFS install</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_gcc-pass2 — Greek
<userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
cd build</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_gawk — Greek
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-gawk" role="."/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_file — Greek
<userinput remap="make">make FILE_COMPILE=$(pwd)/build/src/file</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Greek
Prepare GCC for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_libstdc__ — Greek
Specifies that the cross-compiler we have just built should be used instead of the one in <filename>/usr/bin</filename>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — Greek
<parameter>--prefix=$LFS/tools</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter03_introduction — Greek
If the packages and patches are downloaded as a non-&root; user, these files will be owned by the user. The file system records the owner by its UID, and the UID of a normal user in the host distro is not assigned in LFS. So the files will be left owned by an unnamed UID in the final LFS system. If you won't assign the same UID for your user in the LFS system, change the owners of these files to &root; now to avoid this issue:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This switch ensures the <filename class="extension">.so</filename> symlinks targeting the shared library file in the same directory (<filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>) directly.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter02_hostreqs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
We require the host kernel to support UNIX 98 pseudo terminal (PTY). It should be enabled on all desktop or server distros shipping Linux &min-kernel; or a newer kernel. If you are building a custom host kernel, ensure <option>CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS</option> is set to <literal>y</literal> in the kernel configuration.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Make sure you have at least 1 GB free disk space (the source tarballs will be included in the backup archive) on the file system containing the directory where you create the backup archive.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The created groups are not part of any standard&mdash;they are groups decided on in part by the requirements of the Udev configuration in Chapter 9, and in part by common conventions employed by a number of existing Linux distributions. In addition, some test suites rely on specific users or groups. The Linux Standard Base (LSB, available at <ulink url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/lsb.shtml"/>) only recommends that, besides the group <systemitem class="groupname">root</systemitem> with a Group ID (GID) of 0, a group <systemitem class="groupname">bin</systemitem> with a GID of 1 be present. The GID of 5 is widely used for the <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group, and the number 5 is also used in <phrase revision="systemd">systemd</phrase> <phrase revision="sysv"><filename>/etc/fstab</filename></phrase> for the <systemitem class="filesystem">devpts</systemitem> filesystem. All other group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator since well-written programs do not depend on GID numbers, but rather use the group's name.
这里创建的用户组并不属于任何标准 —— 它们一部分是为了满足第 9 章中 Udev 配置的需要，另一部分借鉴了一些 Linux 发行版的通用惯例。另外，某些测试套件需要特定的用户或组。Linux Standard Base (LSB，可以在 <ulink url="http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/lsb.shtml"/> 查看) 标准只推荐以组 ID 0 创建用户组 <systemitem class="groupname">root</systemitem>，以及以组 ID 1 创建用户组 <systemitem class="groupname">bin</systemitem>，其他组名和组 ID 由系统管理员自由分配，因为好的程序不会依赖组 ID 数字，而是使用组名。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter04_addinguser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Next, start a shell running as user &lfs-user;. This can be done by logging in as &lfs-user; on a virtual console, or with the following substitute/switch user command:
下面以 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 的身份登录。可以通过虚拟控制台或者显示管理器登录，也可以使用下面的命令切换用户：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This parameter makes the configure script use the ld program installed by the Binutils package built earlier in this chapter, rather than the cross-built version which would otherwise be used.
该选项使得配置脚本使用之前在本章中构建的 ld，而没有该选项时会使用交叉编译构建的版本。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The test suite of this package requires raw kernel headers (not the <quote>sanitized</quote> kernel headers installed earlier), which are beyond the scope of LFS.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_flex — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">ln -sv flex /usr/bin/lex
ln -sv flex.1 /usr/share/man/man1/lex.1</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">ln -sv flex /usr/bin/lex</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Running the test suite as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user can be harmful to your system. To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel must be available in the currently running system and must be built as a module. Building it into the kernel will prevent booting. For complete coverage, other BLFS packages must be installed. If desired, this test can be run by booting into the completed LFS system and running:
以 root 用户身份运行测试套件可能对系统造成损害。为了运行它，内核配置选项 CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG 必须在当前运行的系统中可用，且必须被构建为内核模块。直接将其构建为内核的一部分会导致系统无法引导。为了测试的完整覆盖，必须安装其他 BLFS 软件包。如果希望的话，可以在重启进入完整的 LFS 系统后，执行以下命令运行测试：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_bc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-r</parameter>
<parameter>-G</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-werror \
--enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
--enable-stack-protector=strong \
--with-headers=/usr/include \
libc_cv_slibdir=/usr/lib</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-werror \
--enable-kernel=&min-kernel; \
--enable-stack-protector=strong \
--with-headers=/usr/include \
libc_cv_slibdir=/lib</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This switch overrides the default buildtype (<quote>debug</quote>), which produces unoptimized binaries.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_expect — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The test suite for Expect is considered critical. Do not skip it under any circumstances.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installed programs
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This environment variable allows the package to be built by the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user.
该环境变量允许以 root 用户身份构建该软件包。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_dbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To test the results, issue:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_ninja — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This parameter forces Ninja to rebuild itself for the current system.
这个参数强制 ninja 为当前系统重新构建自身。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Compile the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_expat — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">install -v -m644 doc/*.{html,css} /usr/share/doc/expat-&expat-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">install -v -m644 doc/*.{html,png,css} /usr/share/doc/expat-&expat-version;</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--with-cxx-shared</parameter>
<parameter>--without-normal</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Installs wheels from the <filename class='directory'>dist</filename> directory.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_openssl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Add the version to the documentation directory name, to be consistent with other packages:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gawk — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">make LN='ln -f' install</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_zlib — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">rm -fv /usr/lib/libz.a</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<command>install</command>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The following are some common package management techniques. Before making a decision on a package manager, do some research on the various techniques, particularly the drawbacks of each particular scheme.
以下是几种常见的软件包管理技术。在决定使用某种包管理器前，请研读这些技术，特别是要了解特定技术的不足。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_tar — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The test time for Tar can be reduced significantly on a system with multiple cores. To do this, append <command>TESTSUITEFLAGS=-j&lt;N&gt;</command> to the line above. For instance, using -j4 can reduce the test time by over 70 percent.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">touch /usr/bin/passwd
./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-static \
--with-{b,yes}crypt \
--with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">touch /usr/bin/passwd
./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \
--with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libcap — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
编译该软件包：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_clock — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Please note that the <command>timedatectl</command> command doesn't work in the chroot environment. It can only be used after the LFS system is booted with systemd.
注意 <command>timedatectl</command> 命令只能用于 systemd 引导的系统。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Changing run levels is done with <command>init <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable></command>, where <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable> is the target run level. For example, to reboot the computer, a user could issue the <command>init 6</command> command, which is an alias for the <command>reboot</command> command. Likewise, <command>init 0</command> is an alias for the <command>halt</command> command.
通过命令 <command>init <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable></command> 可以切换运行级别，这里<replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable> 是希望切换到的运行级别。例如，为了重新启动计算机，用户可以执行 <command>init 6</command> 命令，它和 <command>reboot</command> 作用相同。同样，<command>init 0</command> 和 <command>halt</command> 作用相同。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_symlinks — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<literal>NAME</literal> - The value of this keyword is the name that udev will assign to this interface.
<literal>NAME</literal> - 该键的值是 udev 将赋予该网络接口的命名。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_profile — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This results in a final locale setting of <quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>. It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested before it is added to the Bash startup files:
这样就最终确定 locale 应设置为 <quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>。在将以上启发方法获得的 locale 添加到 Bash 启动文件之前，一定要进行下列测试：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--with-shared</parameter>
<parameter>--without-ada</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter11_reboot — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
mountpoint -q $LFS/dev/shm &amp;&amp; umount $LFS/dev/shm
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/run
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys</userinput>
<userinput>umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/run
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This method also provides a full graphical environment, but first requires installing <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/openssh.html">sshd</ulink> and <ulink url="&blfs-book;basicnet/wget.html">wget</ulink> on the LFS system, usually in chroot. It also requires a second computer. This method has the advantage of being simple by not requiring the complexity of the chroot environment. It also uses your LFS built kernel for all additional packages and still provides a complete system for installing packages.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--prefix=$LFS/tools \
--with-glibc-version=&glibc-version; \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--with-newlib \
--without-headers \
--enable-default-pie \
--enable-default-ssp \
--disable-nls \
--disable-shared \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-threads \
--disable-libatomic \
--disable-libgomp \
--disable-libquadmath \
--disable-libssp \
--disable-libvtv \
--disable-libstdcxx \
--enable-languages=c,c++</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--prefix=$LFS/tools \
--with-glibc-version=2.11 \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--with-newlib \
--without-headers \
--enable-initfini-array \
--disable-nls \
--disable-shared \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-decimal-float \
--disable-threads \
--disable-libatomic \
--disable-libgomp \
--disable-libquadmath \
--disable-libssp \
--disable-libvtv \
--disable-libstdcxx \
--enable-languages=c,c++</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This tells the configure script to prepare to install the Binutils programs in the <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools</filename> directory.
这告诉配置脚本准备将 Binutils 程序安装在 <filename class="directory">/$LFS/tools</filename> 目录中。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter03_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>chown root:root $LFS/sources/*</userinput>
<userinput>chmod -v a+wt $LFS/sources</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/part3intro_generalinstructions — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Do not use any method except the <command>tar</command> command to extract the source code. Notably, using the <command>cp -R</command> command to copy the source code tree somewhere else can destroy links and timestamps in the source tree, and cause the build to fail.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_groff — Greek
Contents of Groff
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_file — Greek
Installed programs
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libcap — Greek
Install the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_iana-etc — Greek
/etc/protocols
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_diffutils — Greek
Installed programs
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_why — Greek
This package contains programs for compressing and decompressing files. It is required to decompress many LFS packages.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_standards — Greek
At, Batch (a part of At), Cpio, Ed, Fcrontab, LSB-Tools, NSPR, NSS, PAM, Pax, Sendmail (or Postfix or Exim), time
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_networkd — Greek
In /boot/grub/grub.cfg, pass the option net.ifnames=0 on the kernel command line.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_consoled — Greek
<userinput>localectl set-keymap MAP</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_udev — Greek
In this example, this means that, in addition to <emphasis>snd-fm801</emphasis>, the obsolete (and unwanted) <emphasis>forte</emphasis> driver will be loaded if it is available. See below for ways in which the loading of unwanted drivers can be prevented.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_clock — Greek
Please note that the <command>timedatectl</command> command doesn't work in the chroot environment. It can only be used after the LFS system is booted with systemd.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_usage — Greek
Changing run levels is done with <command>init <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable></command>, where <replaceable>&lt;runlevel&gt;</replaceable> is the target run level. For example, to reboot the computer, a user could issue the <command>init 6</command> command, which is an alias for the <command>reboot</command> command. Likewise, <command>init 0</command> is an alias for the <command>halt</command> command.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_network — Greek
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/resolv.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf

domain <replaceable>&lt;Your Domain Name&gt;</replaceable>
nameserver <replaceable>&lt;IP address of your primary nameserver&gt;</replaceable>
nameserver <replaceable>&lt;IP address of your secondary nameserver&gt;</replaceable>

# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>
EOF</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_locale — Greek
If this happens, you should either install the desired locale using the <command>localedef</command> command, or consider choosing a different locale. Further instructions assume that there are no such error messages from Glibc.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_profile — Greek
This results in a final locale setting of <quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>. It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested before it is added to the Bash startup files:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_bootscripts — Greek
<command>checkfs</command>