Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter02_creatingfilesystem — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
LFS assumes that the root file system (/) is of type ext4. To create an <systemitem class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem> file system on the LFS partition, issue the following command:
LFS 假设根文件系统 (/) 采用 ext4 文件系统。输入以下命令在 LFS 分区创建一个 <systemitem class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem> 文件系统：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Now mount the remaining virtual kernel file systems:
现在挂载其余的虚拟内核文件系统：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_creatingdirs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) (available at <ulink url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/>). The FHS also specifies the optional existence of additional directories such as <filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. In LFS, we create only the directories that are really necessary. However, feel free to create more directories, if you wish.
这个目录树是基于 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) (可以在 <ulink url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml"/> 查阅) 建立的。FHS 标准还规定了某些可选的目录，例如 <filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>。我们只创建了必要的目录。不过，如果您需要的话可以自己创建这些可选目录。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
There are two package files whose name starts with the <quote>python</quote> prefix. The one to extract from is <filename>Python-&python-version;.tar.xz</filename> (notice the uppercase first letter).
该软件包包含两个以 <quote>python</quote> 开头的压缩包。我们应该解压的包是 <filename>Python-&python-version;.tar.xz</filename> (注意首字母是大写的)。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/appendices_dependencies — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Attr and Glibc
Acl 和 Libcap
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter04_settingenviron — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Setting the user file-creation mask (umask) to 022 ensures that newly created files and directories are only writable by their owner, but are readable and executable by anyone (assuming default modes are used by the <ulink role='man' url='&man;open.2'>open(2)</ulink> system call, new files will end up with permission mode 644 and directories with mode 755).
将用户的文件创建掩码 (umask) 设定为 022，保证只有文件所有者可以写新创建的文件和目录，但任何人都可读取、执行它们。(如果 <function>open(2)</function> 系统调用使用默认模式，则新文件将具有权限码 644，而新目录具有权限码 755)。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Compile Wheel with the following command:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First, disable a problematic test:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
For a more complete discussion of libraries, see <ulink url="&blfs-book;introduction/libraries.html"> Libraries: Static or shared?</ulink> in the BLFS book.
关于库的更详细讨论，可以参阅 BLFS 手册中的 <ulink url="&blfs-root;/view/&short-version;/introduction/libraries.html">Libraries: Static or shared?</ulink> 一节。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_man-pages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove two man pages for password hashing functions. <application>Libxcrypt</application> will provide a better version of these man pages:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Udev is part of the systemd-&systemd-version; package. Use the systemd-&systemd-version;.tar.xz file as the source tarball.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If your system has UEFI support and you wish to boot LFS with UEFI, you can skip this package in LFS, and install GRUB with UEFI support (and its dependencies) by following the instructions on <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/grub-efi.html">the BLFS page</ulink>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_expect — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Expect needs PTYs to work. Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot environment by performing a simple test:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_iproute2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <command>arpd</command> program included in this package will not be built since it depends on Berkeley DB, which is not installed in LFS. However, a directory and a man page for <command>arpd</command> will still be installed. Prevent this by running the commands shown below.
该软件包中的 <command>arpd</command> 程序依赖于 LFS 不安装的 Berkeley DB，因此不会被构建。然而，用于 <command>arpd</command> 的一个目录和它的 man 页面仍会被安装。运行以下命令以防止它们的安装。如果需要使用 <command>arpd</command> 二进制程序，参考 BLFS 手册中的 Berkeley DB 编译说明，它位于 <ulink url="&blfs-book;server/db.html"/>。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This version of Perl builds the Compress::Raw::Zlib and Compress::Raw::BZip2 modules. By default Perl will use an internal copy of the sources for the build. Issue the following command so that Perl will use the libraries installed on the system:
该版本的 Perl 会构建 Compress::Raw::ZLib 和 Compress::Raw::BZip2 模块。默认情况下 Perl 会使用内部的源码副本构建它们。执行以下命令，使得 Perl 使用系统中已经安装好的库：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Prepare Pkgconf for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bash — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First, fix some issues identified upstream:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Compile MarkupSafe with the following command:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Build the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_ninja — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
When run, <command>ninja</command> normally utilizes the greatest possible number of processes in parallel. By default this is the number of cores on the system, plus two. This may overheat the CPU, or make the system run out of memory. When <command>ninja</command> is invoked from the command line, passing the -jN parameter will limit the number of parallel processes. Some packages embed the execution of <command>ninja</command>, and do not pass the -j parameter on to it.
在运行时，ninja 一般尽量并行运行更多进程。默认情况下最大进程数是系统 CPU 核心数加 2 得到的值。某些情况下，这样会导致 CPU 过热，或者耗尽系统内存。如果使用命令行执行 ninja，可以传递 -jN 参数以限制并行进程数，但某些软件包内嵌了 ninja 的执行过程，且并不传递 -j 参数。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The E2fsprogs documentation recommends that the package be built in a subdirectory of the source tree:
E2fsprogs 文档推荐在源代码目录树中的一个子目录内构建该软件包：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Prepare Libxcrypt for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_dejagnu — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The upstream recommends building DejaGNU in a dedicated build directory:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_setuptools — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Build the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_procps — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Prepare Procps-ng for compilation:
准备编译 procps-ng：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Build the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_sysklogd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First, fix a problem that causes a segmentation fault in klogd under some conditions, and fix an obsolete program construct:
首先，修复 klogd 中在特定情况下会发生段错误的问题，并改正一个已弃用的程序结构：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove two unneeded groups, <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev rules:
从默认的 udev 规则中删除不必要的组 <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem>：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If a package containing a shared library is updated, and if the name of the library changes, then any packages dynamically linked to the library must be recompiled, to link against the newer library. (Note that there is no correlation between the package version and the name of the library.) For example, consider a package foo-1.2.3 that installs a shared library with the name <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename>. Suppose you upgrade the package to a newer version foo-1.2.4 that installs a shared library with the name <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.2</filename>. In this case, any packages that are dynamically linked to <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename> need to be recompiled to link against <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.2</filename> in order to use the new library version. You should not remove the old libraries until all the dependent packages have been recompiled.
如果更新了一个包含共享库的软件包，而且共享库的名称发生改变，那么所有动态链接到这个库的软件包都需要重新编译，以链接到新版本的库。(注意软件包的版本和共享库的名称没有关系。) 例如，考虑一个软件包 foo-1.2.3 安装了名为 <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename> 的共享库，如果您把该软件包升级到了新版本 foo-1.2.4，它安装了名为 <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.2</filename> 的共享库。那么，所有链接到 <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename> 的软件包都要重新编译以链接到 <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.2</filename>。注意，您不能删除旧版本的库，直到将所有依赖它的软件包都重新编译完成。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_kbd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The behavior of the backspace and delete keys is not consistent across the keymaps in the Kbd package. The following patch fixes this issue for i386 keymaps:
退格和删除键的行为在 Kbd 软件包的不同按键映射中不一致。以下补丁修复 i386 按键映射中的这个问题：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Libelf is part of the elfutils-&elfutils-version; package. Use the elfutils-&elfutils-version;.tar.bz2 file as the source tarball.
Libelf 是 elfutils-&elfutils-version; 软件包的一部分。请使用 elfutils-&elfutils-version;.tar.bz2 作为源代码包。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_grep — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
First, remove a warning about using egrep and fgrep that makes tests on some packages fail:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libcap — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Prevent static libraries from being installed:
防止一个静态库的安装：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_network — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If the <envar>ONBOOT</envar> variable is set to <literal>yes</literal> the System V network script will bring up the Network Interface Card (NIC) during the system boot process. If set to anything besides <literal>yes</literal>, the NIC will be ignored by the network script and will not be started automatically. Interfaces can be manually started or stopped with the <command>ifup</command> and <command>ifdown</command> commands.
如果 <envar>ONBOOT</envar> 变量被设置为<quote>yes</quote>，则 System V 网络脚本会在引导系统时启用该网络接口卡 (NIC)。如果设定的值不是 <quote>yes</quote>，网络脚本会忽略该 NIC，不自动启用它。您可以使用 <command>ifup</command> 和 <command>ifdown</command> 命令，手动启用或禁用网络接口。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_binutils-pass2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Binutils building system relies on an shipped libtool copy to link against internal static libraries, but the libiberty and zlib copies shipped in the package do not use libtool. This inconsistency may cause produced binaries mistakenly linked against libraries from the host distro. Work around this issue:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <command>file</command> command on the build host needs to be the same version as the one we are building in order to create the signature file. Run the following commands to make a temporary copy of the <command>file</command> command:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In order to properly build packages in chroot, you will also need to remember to mount the virtual file systems if they are not already mounted. One way to do this is to create a script on the <emphasis role="bold">HOST</emphasis> system:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter01_how — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To finish the installation, the basic system configuration is set up in <xref linkend="chapter-config"/>, and the kernel and boot loader are created in <xref linkend="chapter-bootable"/>. <xref linkend="chapter-finalizing"/> contains information on continuing the LFS experience beyond this book. After the steps in this chapter have been implemented, the computer is ready to boot into the new LFS system.
为了完成安装，我们在<xref linkend="chapter-config"/>中进行系统的基本设置，在<xref linkend="chapter-bootable"/>中配置内核和引导加载器。最后，<xref linkend="chapter-finalizing"/>包含在阅读完本书后继续体验 LFS 的相关信息。在完成本书的所有流程后，重启计算机即可进入新的 LFS 系统。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The host
host
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter02_stages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
When entering chroot, the LFS environment variable must be set for <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. The LFS variable is not used after the chroot environment has been entered.
在进入 chroot 环境时，LFS 环境变量必须为 root 设置好。之后就不需要 LFS 变量。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The following steps are performed from outside the chroot environment. That means you have to leave the chroot environment first before continuing. The reason for that is to get access to file system locations outside of the chroot environment to store/read the backup archive, which ought not be placed within the <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> hierarchy.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter02_mounting — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The above instructions assume that you will not restart your computer throughout the LFS process. If you shut down your system, you will either need to remount the LFS partition each time you restart the build process, or modify the host system's &fstab; file to automatically remount it when you reboot. For example, you might add this line to your &fstab; file: <placeholder type="screen" id="0"/> If you use additional optional partitions, be sure to add them also.
上面的命令假设您在构建 LFS 的过程中不会重启计算机。如果您关闭了系统，那么您要么在继续构建过程时重新挂载分区，要么修改宿主系统的 /etc/fstab 文件，使得系统在引导时自动挂载它们。例如：<placeholder type="screen" id="0"/> 如果您使用了多个分区，它们都需要添加到 fstab 中。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The FHS recommends using the <filename class="directory">/var/lib/hwclock</filename> directory instead of the usual <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> directory as the location for the <filename>adjtime</filename> file. Create this directory with:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>mount -vt devpts devpts -o gid=5,mode=0620 $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput>
<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev/pts $LFS/dev/pts
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">sh Configure -des \
-Dprefix=/usr \
-Dvendorprefix=/usr \
-Duseshrplib \
-Dprivlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/core_perl \
-Darchlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/core_perl \
-Dsitelib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/site_perl \
-Dsitearch=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/site_perl \
-Dvendorlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/vendor_perl \
-Dvendorarch=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/vendor_perl</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">sh Configure -des \
-Dprefix=/usr \
-Dvendorprefix=/usr \
-Dprivlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/core_perl \
-Darchlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/core_perl \
-Dsitelib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/site_perl \
-Dsitearch=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/site_perl \
-Dvendorlib=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/vendor_perl \
-Dvendorarch=/usr/lib/perl5/&perl-version-min;/vendor_perl</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_creatingdirs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The FHS does not mandate the existence of the directory <filename class="directory">/usr/lib64</filename>, and the LFS editors have decided not to use it. For the instructions in LFS and BLFS to work correctly, it is imperative that this directory be non-existent. From time to time you should verify that it does not exist, because it is easy to create it inadvertently, and this will probably break your system.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Building the linux kernel for the first time is one of the most challenging tasks in LFS. Getting it right depends on the specific hardware for the target system and your specific needs. There are almost 12,000 configuration items that are available for the kernel although only about a third of them are needed for most computers. The LFS editors recommend that users not familiar with this process follow the procedures below fairly closely. The objective is to get an initial system to a point where you can log in at the command line when you reboot later in <xref linkend="ch-finish-reboot"/>. At this point optimization and customization is not a goal.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter04_addinguser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This parameter prevents possible copying of files from a skeleton directory (the default is <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>) by changing the input location to the special null device.
将模板目录设置为空设备文件，从而不从默认模板目录 (<filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>) 复制文件到新的主目录。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libffi — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Like GMP, Libffi builds with optimizations specific to the processor in use. If building for another system, change the value of the <parameter>--with-gcc-arch=</parameter> parameter in the following command to an architecture name fully implemented by the CPU on that system. If this is not done, all applications that link to <filename class='libraryfile'>libffi</filename> will trigger Illegal Operation Errors.
和 GMP 类似，libffi 在构建时会使用特定于当前处理器的优化。如果是在为另一台计算机构建系统，请导出 CFLAGS 和 CXXFLAGS 环境变量，为您的架构指定较为通用的构建目标。否则，所有链接到 libffi 的程序都可能触发非法指令异常。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_texinfo — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--with-openssl \
--with-xz \
--with-zstd \
--with-zlib</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--with-rootlibdir=/lib \
--with-xz \
--with-zlib</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_zstd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">make prefix=/usr</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flex — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/flex-&flex-version; \
--disable-static</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --docdir=/usr/share/doc/flex-&flex-version;</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test_mkfds/s/^/#/' tests/helpers/Makemodule.am</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">CC=gcc ./configure --prefix=/usr -G -O3 -r</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">PREFIX=/usr CC=gcc CFLAGS="-std=c99" ./configure.sh -G -O3</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_man-pages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">rm -v man3/crypt*</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove two unneeded groups, <systemitem class="groupname">render</systemitem> and <systemitem class="groupname">sgx</systemitem>, from the default udev rules:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Unset any environment variables which may affect the build:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_expect — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">python3 -c 'from pty import spawn; spawn(["echo", "ok"])'</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_sed — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --bindir=/bin</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/pkgconf-&pkgconf-version;</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bash — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&bash-upstream-fixes-patch;</userinput>
<userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&bash-fixes-patch;</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_dbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--localstatedir=/var \
--runstatedir=/run \
--enable-user-session \
--disable-static \
--disable-doxygen-docs \
--disable-xml-docs \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/dbus-&dbus-version; \
--with-system-socket=/run/dbus/system_bus_socket</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--localstatedir=/var \
--disable-static \
--disable-doxygen-docs \
--disable-xml-docs \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/dbus-&dbus-version; \
--with-console-auth-dir=/run/console</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-hashes=strong,glibc \
--enable-obsolete-api=no \
--disable-static \
--disable-failure-tokens</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-shared \
--without-debug \
--without-normal \
--with-cxx-shared \
--enable-pc-files \
--enable-widec \
--with-pkg-config-libdir=/usr/lib/pkgconfig</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-shared \
--without-debug \
--without-normal \
--enable-pc-files \
--enable-widec</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">python3 setup.py build</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_dejagnu — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
cd build</userinput>
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared \
--with-system-expat \
--enable-optimizations</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared \
--with-system-expat \
--with-system-ffi \
--with-ensurepip=yes</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_setuptools — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_procps — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-&procps-ng-version; \
--disable-static \
--disable-kill</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--exec-prefix= \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-&procps-ng-version; \
--disable-static \
--disable-kill</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_inetutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/usr/bin \
--localstatedir=/var \
--disable-logger \
--disable-whois \
--disable-rcp \
--disable-rexec \
--disable-rlogin \
--disable-rsh \
--disable-servers</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--localstatedir=/var \
--disable-logger \
--disable-whois \
--disable-rcp \
--disable-rexec \
--disable-rlogin \
--disable-rsh \
--disable-servers</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">pip3 wheel -w dist --no-cache-dir --no-build-isolation --no-deps $PWD</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_man-db — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-&man-db-version; \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-setuid \
--enable-cache-owner=bin \
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">sed -i '/find/s@/usr@@' init/systemd/man-db.service.in

./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-&man-db-version; \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-setuid \
--enable-cache-owner=bin \
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
-e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput>
<userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's/GROUP="render", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_acl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/acl-&acl-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--libexecdir=/usr/lib \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/acl-&acl-version;</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If a package is (directly or indirectly) linked to both the old and new names of a shared library (for example, the package links to both <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.2</filename> and <filename class='libraryfile'>libbar.so.1</filename>, while the latter links to <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.3</filename>), the package may malfunction because the different revisions of the shared library present incompatible definitions for some symbol names. This can be caused by recompiling some, but not all, of the packages linked to the old shared library after the package providing the shared library is upgraded. To avoid the issue, users will need to rebuild every package linked to a shared library with an updated revision (e.g. libfoo.so.2 to libfoo.so.3) as soon as possible.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_tar — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 \
./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 \
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_grep — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -i "s/echo/#echo/" src/egrep.sh</userinput>
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libcap — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/install -m.*STA/d' libcap/Makefile</userinput>
<userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/install -m.*STACAPLIBNAME/d' libcap/Makefile</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/prologue_why — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This package satisfies an LSB core requirement to provide a Bourne Shell interface to the system. It was chosen over other shell packages because of its common usage and extensive capabilities.
这个软件包为系统提供一个 LSB core 要求的 Bourne Shell 接口。与其他 shell 软件包相比，它更加常用，且在基本 shell 功能的基础上有更好的扩展能力，因此在各种 shell 软件包中选择了它。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_networkd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The interface names depend on the implementation and configuration of the udev daemon running on the system. The udev daemon for LFS (<command>systemd-udevd</command>, installed in <xref linkend="ch-system-systemd"/>) will not run unless the LFS system is booted. So it's unreliable to determine the interface names being used in LFS system by running those commands on the host distro, <emphasis>even though you are in the chroot environment</emphasis>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_symlinks — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In some cases, such as when MAC addresses have been assigned to a network card manually, or in a virtual environment such as Qemu or Xen, the network rules file may not be generated because addresses are not consistently assigned. In these cases, this method cannot be used.
某些情况下，例如 MAC 地址被手动指定给了某块网卡，或在 Qemu、Xen 等虚拟环境下，可能不会生成网络设备规则文件，因为 MAC 地址的分配没有一致性。此时不能使用本方法。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_binutils-pass2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed '6009s/$add_dir//' -i ltmain.sh</userinput>
<userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
cd build</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_findutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--localstatedir=/var/lib/locate \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess)</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess)</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_sed — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./build-aux/config.guess)</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--bindir=/bin</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \
--enable-install-program=hostname \
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \
--enable-install-program=hostname \
--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_bash — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--build=$(sh support/config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--without-bash-malloc</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--build=$(support/config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--without-bash-malloc</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_gcc-pass2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
As in the first build of GCC, the GMP, MPFR, and MPC packages are required. Unpack the tarballs and move them into the required directories:
就像第一次构建 GCC 时一样，它需要 GMP、MPFR 和 MPC 三个包。解压它们的源码包，并将它们移动到 GCC 要求的目录名：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_tar — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess)</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(build-aux/config.guess) \
--bindir=/bin</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_grep — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./build-aux/config.guess)</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--bindir=/bin</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">mkdir build
pushd build
../configure --disable-bzlib \
--disable-libseccomp \
--disable-xzlib \
--disable-zlib
make
popd</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_diffutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./build-aux/config.guess)</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --host=$LFS_TGT</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<command>cat &gt; ~/mount-virt.sh &lt;&lt; "EOF"
#!/bin/bash

function mountbind
{
if ! mountpoint $LFS/$1 >/dev/null; then
$SUDO mount --bind /$1 $LFS/$1
echo $LFS/$1 mounted
else
echo $LFS/$1 already mounted
fi
}

function mounttype
{
if ! mountpoint $LFS/$1 >/dev/null; then
$SUDO mount -t $2 $3 $4 $5 $LFS/$1
echo $LFS/$1 mounted
else
echo $LFS/$1 already mounted
fi
}

if [ $EUID -ne 0 ]; then
SUDO=sudo
else
SUDO=""
fi

if [ x$LFS == x ]; then
echo "LFS not set"
exit 1
fi

mountbind dev
mounttype dev/pts devpts devpts -o gid=5,mode=620
mounttype proc proc proc
mounttype sys sysfs sysfs
mounttype run tmpfs run
if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
install -v -d -m 1777 $LFS$(realpath /dev/shm)
else
mounttype dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev
fi

#mountbind usr/src
#mountbind boot
#mountbind home
EOF</command>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter11_theend — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/os-release &lt;&lt; "EOF"
NAME="Linux From Scratch"
VERSION="&version;"
ID=lfs
PRETTY_NAME="Linux From Scratch &version;"
VERSION_CODENAME="&lt;your name here&gt;"
HOME_URL="&lfs-root;lfs/"
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/os-release &lt;&lt; "EOF"
NAME="Linux From Scratch"
VERSION="&version;"
ID=lfs
PRETTY_NAME="Linux From Scratch &version;"
VERSION_CODENAME="&lt;your name here&gt;"
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter03_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
For stable versions of the book, a tarball of all the needed files can be downloaded from one of the mirror sites listed at <ulink url="https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/mirrors.html#files"/>.
对于本手册的稳定版，可以从 <ulink url="http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/mirrors.html#files"/> 中列出的某个镜像站下载包含所有所需文件的压缩包。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter01_how — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This is the process in a nutshell. Detailed information on each step is presented in the following chapters. Items that seem complicated now will be clarified, and everything will fall into place as you commence your LFS adventure.
以上是 LFS 构建过程的简要介绍，针对特定步骤的详细信息将在之后章节以及软件包的简介中讨论。在您踏上 LFS 的构建之旅后，就能逐步理清这些看上去很复杂的步骤，每一步都将变得非常清晰。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter01_whatsnew — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Expat-&expat-version;
Grep-&grep-version;