Translation Source string Target string
Beyond Linux From Scratch/xincludes_SIOCGSTAMP — English
<parameter>sed -i ... SIOCGSTAMP ...</parameter>: In linux-5.2 the definitions of SIOCGSTAMP and SIOCGSTAMPNS were moved from &lt;sys/socket.h&gt; which packages have traditionally included to get them. The sed(s) to hard-code the values enable the package to compile correctly.
<parameter>sed -i ... SIOCGSTAMP ...</parameter>: In linux-5.2 the definitions of SIOCGSTAMP and SIOCGSTAMPNS were moved from &lt;sys/socket.h&gt; which packages have traditionally included to get them. The sed(s) to hard-code the values enable the package to compile correctly.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/gnome_applications_cheese-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; M<emphasis role='blue'>u</emphasis>ltimedia support ---&gt; [MEDIA_SUPPORT]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>utoselect ancillary drivers (tuners, sensors, i2c, spi, frontends)
... [MEDIA_SUBDRV_AUTOSELECT]
M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>dia device types ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ameras and video grabbers [MEDIA_CAMERA_SUPPORT]
M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>dia drivers ---&gt;
[ /*] M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>dia USB Adapters ---&gt; [MEDIA_USB_SUPPORT]
# Most modern USB camera needs this.
# For other devices you need to figure it out yourself:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>U</emphasis>SB Video Class (UVC) [USB_VIDEO_CLASS]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; M<emphasis role='blue'>u</emphasis>ltimedia support ---&gt; [MEDIA_SUPPORT]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>utoselect ancillary drivers (tuners, sensors, i2c, spi, frontends)
... [MEDIA_SUBDRV_AUTOSELECT]
M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>dia device types ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ameras and video grabbers [MEDIA_CAMERA_SUPPORT]
M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>dia drivers ---&gt;
[ /*] M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>dia USB Adapters ---&gt; [MEDIA_USB_SUPPORT]
# Most modern USB camera needs this.
# For other devices you need to figure it out yourself:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>U</emphasis>SB Video Class (UVC) [USB_VIDEO_CLASS]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_libevdev-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nput device support ---&gt;
-*- <emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric input layer (needed for keyboard, mouse, ...) [INPUT]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>vent interface [INPUT_EVDEV]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nput device support ---&gt;
-*- <emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric input layer (needed for keyboard, mouse, ...) [INPUT]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>vent interface [INPUT_EVDEV]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_libevdev-test-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nput device support ---&gt;
-*- <emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric input layer (needed for keyboard, mouse, ...) [INPUT]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>i</emphasis>scellaneous devices ---&gt; [INPUT_MISC]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>U</emphasis>ser level driver support [INPUT_UINPUT]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nput device support ---&gt;
-*- <emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric input layer (needed for keyboard, mouse, ...) [INPUT]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>i</emphasis>scellaneous devices ---&gt; [INPUT_MISC]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>U</emphasis>ser level driver support [INPUT_UINPUT]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_security_iptables-kernel — English
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking support ---&gt; [NET]
N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking options ---&gt;
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork packet filtering framework (Netfilter) ---&gt; [NETFILTER]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>dvanced netfilter configuration [NETFILTER_ADVANCED]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ore Netfilter Configuration ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter connection tracking support [NF_CONNTRACK]
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter Xtables support (required for ip_tables)
... [NETFILTER_XTABLES]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>OG target support [NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_LOG]
<emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: Netfilter Configuration ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT)
... [IP_NF_IPTABLES]
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking support ---&gt; [NET]
N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking options ---&gt;
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork packet filtering framework (Netfilter) ---&gt; [NETFILTER]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>dvanced netfilter configuration [NETFILTER_ADVANCED]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ore Netfilter Configuration ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter connection tracking support [NF_CONNTRACK]
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter Xtables support (required for ip_tables)
... [NETFILTER_XTABLES]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>OG target support [NETFILTER_XT_TARGET_LOG]
<emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: Netfilter Configuration ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P tables support (required for filtering/masq/NAT)
... [IP_NF_IPTABLES]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_config_amd-ucode-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nitial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support
... [BLK_DEV_INITRD]

<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU microcode loading support [MICROCODE]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>MD microcode loading support [MICROCODE_AMD]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nitial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support
... [BLK_DEV_INITRD]

<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU microcode loading support [MICROCODE]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>MD microcode loading support [MICROCODE_AMD]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_config_intel-ucode-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nitial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support
... [BLK_DEV_INITRD]

<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU microcode loading support [MICROCODE]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>ntel microcode loading support [MICROCODE_INTEL]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nitial RAM filesystem and RAM disk (initramfs/initrd) support
... [BLK_DEV_INITRD]

<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU microcode loading support [MICROCODE]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>ntel microcode loading support [MICROCODE_INTEL]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_sysutils_gpm-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nput device support ---&gt;
-*- <emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric input layer (needed for keyboard, mouse, ...) [INPUT]
&lt;*/M&gt; M<emphasis role='blue'>o</emphasis>use interface [INPUT_MOUSEDEV]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>nput device support ---&gt;
-*- <emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric input layer (needed for keyboard, mouse, ...) [INPUT]
&lt;*/M&gt; M<emphasis role='blue'>o</emphasis>use interface [INPUT_MOUSEDEV]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/xincludes_tex-system — English
<parameter>--with-system-</parameter>...: Unless this parameter is used, the included versions of these libraries will be statically compiled into the programs which need them. If you decided not to install a recommended library, omit the corresponding switch.
<parameter>--with-system-</parameter>...: Unless this parameter is used, the included versions of these libraries will be statically compiled into the programs which need them. If you decided not to install a recommended library, omit the corresponding switch.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/networking_netlibs_libnl-test-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
-*- N<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>mespaces support ---&gt; [NAMESPACES]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>U</emphasis>ser namespace [USER_NS]
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork namespace [NET_NS]

[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking support ---&gt; [NET]
N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>CP/IP networking [INET]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: advanced router [IP_ADVANCED_ROUTER]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: policy routing [IP_MULTIPLE_TABLES]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: tunneling [NET_IPIP]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: GRE demultiplexer [NET_IPGRE_DEMUX]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: GRE tunnels over IP [NET_IPGRE]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual (secure) IP: tunneling [NET_IPVTI]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>he IPv6 protocol ---&gt; [IPV6]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>Pv6: IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel (SIT driver) [IPV6_SIT]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>Pv6: IP-in-IPv6 tunnel (RFC2473) [IPV6_TUNNEL]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>Pv6: Multiple Routing Tables [IPV6_MULTIPLE_TABLES]
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork packet filtering framework (Netfilter) ---&gt; [NETFILTER]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ore Netfilter Configuration ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter nf_tables support [NF_TABLES]
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter nf_tables netdev tables support [NF_TABLES_NETDEV]
{*/M} N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter packet duplication support [NF_DUP_NETDEV]
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter nf_tables netdev packet forwarding support
... [NFT_FWD_NETDEV]
&lt;*/M&gt; 802.1<emphasis role='blue'>d</emphasis> Ethernet Bridging [BRIDGE]
&lt;*/M&gt; 802.1<emphasis role='blue'>Q</emphasis>/802.1ad VLAN Support [VLAN_8021Q]
-*- <emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>3 Master device support [NET_L3_MASTER_DEV]

<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork device support ---&gt; [NETDEVICES]
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork core driver support [NET_CORE]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>B</emphasis>onding driver support [BONDING]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>ummy net driver support [DUMMY]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>ntermediate Functional Block support [IFB]
&lt;*/M&gt; M<emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>C-VLAN support [MACVLAN]
&lt;*/M&gt; M<emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>C-VLAN based tap driver [MACVTAP]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P-VLAN support [IPVLAN]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) [VXLAN]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>EEE 802.1AE MAC-level encryption (MACsec) [MACSEC]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual ethernet pair device [VETH]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual Routing and Forwarding (Lite) [NET_VRF]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
-*- N<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>mespaces support ---&gt; [NAMESPACES]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>U</emphasis>ser namespace [USER_NS]
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork namespace [NET_NS]

[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking support ---&gt; [NET]
N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>CP/IP networking [INET]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: advanced router [IP_ADVANCED_ROUTER]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: policy routing [IP_MULTIPLE_TABLES]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: tunneling [NET_IPIP]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: GRE demultiplexer [NET_IPGRE_DEMUX]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P: GRE tunnels over IP [NET_IPGRE]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual (secure) IP: tunneling [NET_IPVTI]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>he IPv6 protocol ---&gt; [IPV6]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>Pv6: IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel (SIT driver) [IPV6_SIT]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>Pv6: IP-in-IPv6 tunnel (RFC2473) [IPV6_TUNNEL]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>Pv6: Multiple Routing Tables [IPV6_MULTIPLE_TABLES]
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork packet filtering framework (Netfilter) ---&gt; [NETFILTER]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ore Netfilter Configuration ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter nf_tables support [NF_TABLES]
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter nf_tables netdev tables support [NF_TABLES_NETDEV]
{*/M} N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter packet duplication support [NF_DUP_NETDEV]
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tfilter nf_tables netdev packet forwarding support
... [NFT_FWD_NETDEV]
&lt;*/M&gt; 802.1<emphasis role='blue'>d</emphasis> Ethernet Bridging [BRIDGE]
&lt;*/M&gt; 802.1<emphasis role='blue'>Q</emphasis>/802.1ad VLAN Support [VLAN_8021Q]
-*- <emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>3 Master device support [NET_L3_MASTER_DEV]

<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork device support ---&gt; [NETDEVICES]
[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>twork core driver support [NET_CORE]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>B</emphasis>onding driver support [BONDING]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>ummy net driver support [DUMMY]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>ntermediate Functional Block support [IFB]
&lt;*/M&gt; M<emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>C-VLAN support [MACVLAN]
&lt;*/M&gt; M<emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>C-VLAN based tap driver [MACVTAP]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>P-VLAN support [IPVLAN]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN) [VXLAN]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>EEE 802.1AE MAC-level encryption (MACsec) [MACSEC]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual ethernet pair device [VETH]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual Routing and Forwarding (Lite) [NET_VRF]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_genlib_keyutils-test-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>ecurity options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable access key retention support [KEYS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>arge payload keys [BIG_KEYS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>iffie-Hellman operations on retained keys [KEY_DH_OPERATIONS]

-*- <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ryptographic API ---&gt; [CRYPTO]
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>ublic-key cryptography ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>SA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) [CRYPTO_RSA]
H<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>shes, digests, and MACs ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>HA-1 [CRYPTO_SHA1]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>symmetric (public-key cryptographic) key type ---&gt; [ASYMMETRIC_KEY_TYPE]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>symmetric public-key crypto algorithm subtype
... [ASYMMETRIC_PUBLIC_KEY_SUBTYPE]
# If not built into the kernel, [SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING] won't show up;
# building as a module won't work:
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>X</emphasis>.509 certificate parser [X509_CERTIFICATE_PARSER]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ertificates for signature checking ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rovide system-wide ring of trusted keys [SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rovide a keyring to which extra trustable keys may be added
... [SECONDARY_TRUSTED_KEYRING]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rovide system-wide ring of blacklisted keys [SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING]

<emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>ibrary routines ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>rypto library routines ---&gt;
# If not built into the kernel, [BIG_KEYS] won't show up;
# building as a module won't work:
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>haCha20-Poly1305 AEAD support (8-byte nonce library version)
... [CRYPTO_LIB_CHACHA20POLY1305]
<emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>ecurity options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable access key retention support [KEYS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>arge payload keys [BIG_KEYS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>iffie-Hellman operations on retained keys [KEY_DH_OPERATIONS]

-*- <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ryptographic API ---&gt; [CRYPTO]
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>ublic-key cryptography ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>SA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) [CRYPTO_RSA]
H<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>shes, digests, and MACs ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>HA-1 [CRYPTO_SHA1]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>symmetric (public-key cryptographic) key type ---&gt; [ASYMMETRIC_KEY_TYPE]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>symmetric public-key crypto algorithm subtype
... [ASYMMETRIC_PUBLIC_KEY_SUBTYPE]
# If not built into the kernel, [SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING] won't show up;
# building as a module won't work:
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>X</emphasis>.509 certificate parser [X509_CERTIFICATE_PARSER]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ertificates for signature checking ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rovide system-wide ring of trusted keys [SYSTEM_TRUSTED_KEYRING]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rovide a keyring to which extra trustable keys may be added
... [SECONDARY_TRUSTED_KEYRING]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rovide system-wide ring of blacklisted keys [SYSTEM_BLACKLIST_KEYRING]

<emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>ibrary routines ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>rypto library routines ---&gt;
# If not built into the kernel, [BIG_KEYS] won't show up;
# building as a module won't work:
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>haCha20-Poly1305 AEAD support (8-byte nonce library version)
... [CRYPTO_LIB_CHACHA20POLY1305]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_filesystems_uefi-bootloaders_grub-setup-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>FI runtime service support [EFI]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>FI stub support [EFI_STUB]

-*- <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable the block layer ---&gt; [BLOCK]
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>artition Types ---&gt;
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>dvanced partition selection [PARTITION_ADVANCED]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>FI GUID Partition support [EFI_PARTITION]

<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware Drivers ---&gt;
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>rk VGA/VBE/EFI FB as generic system framebuffer [SYSFB_SIMPLEFB]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable legacy fbdev support for your modesetting driver
... [DRM_FBDEV_EMULATION]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>imple framebuffer driver [DRM_SIMPLEDRM]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onsole display driver support ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ramebuffer Console support [FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE]

<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ile systems ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>OS/FAT/EXFAT/NT Filesystems ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>FAT (Windows-95) fs support [VFAT_FS]
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>seudo filesystems ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>FI Variable filesystem [EFIVAR_FS]
-*- N<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>tive language support ---&gt; [NLS]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>odepage 437 (United States, Canada) [NLS_CODEPAGE_437]
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>S ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1; Western European Languages) [NLS_ISO8859_1]
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>FI runtime service support [EFI]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>FI stub support [EFI_STUB]

-*- <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable the block layer ---&gt; [BLOCK]
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>artition Types ---&gt;
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>dvanced partition selection [PARTITION_ADVANCED]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>FI GUID Partition support [EFI_PARTITION]

<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware Drivers ---&gt;
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>rk VGA/VBE/EFI FB as generic system framebuffer [SYSFB_SIMPLEFB]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable legacy fbdev support for your modesetting driver
... [DRM_FBDEV_EMULATION]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>imple framebuffer driver [DRM_SIMPLEDRM]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onsole display driver support ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ramebuffer Console support [FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE]

<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ile systems ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>OS/FAT/EXFAT/NT Filesystems ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>FAT (Windows-95) fs support [VFAT_FS]
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>seudo filesystems ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>FI Variable filesystem [EFIVAR_FS]
-*- N<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>tive language support ---&gt; [NLS]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>odepage 437 (United States, Canada) [NLS_CODEPAGE_437]
&lt;*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>L</emphasis>S ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1; Western European Languages) [NLS_ISO8859_1]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/multimedia_libdriv_intel-media-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>ntel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics [DRM_I915]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>ntel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics [DRM_I915]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_xorg-server-simpledrm-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware Drivers ---&gt;
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>rk VGA/VBE/EFI FB as generic system framebuffer [SYSFB_SIMPLEFB]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>imple framebuffer driver [DRM_SIMPLEDRM]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware Drivers ---&gt;
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>rk VGA/VBE/EFI FB as generic system framebuffer [SYSFB_SIMPLEFB]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>imple framebuffer driver [DRM_SIMPLEDRM]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_xorg-server-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>RM driver for VMware Virtual GPU [DRM_VMWGFX]
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>RM Support for bochs dispi vga interface (qemu stdvga)
... [DRM_BOCHS]
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual Box Graphics Card [DRM_VBOXVIDEO]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>RM driver for VMware Virtual GPU [DRM_VMWGFX]
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>RM Support for bochs dispi vga interface (qemu stdvga)
... [DRM_BOCHS]
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual Box Graphics Card [DRM_VBOXVIDEO]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_config_builtin-fw-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric Driver Options ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware loader ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware loading facility [FW_LOADER]
(xx/aa.bin xx/bb.bin) <emphasis role='blue'>B</emphasis>uild named firmware blobs into the kernel binary
... [EXTRA_FIRMWARE]
# This is the default, you can change it to "/usr/lib/firmware"
# if you want:
(/lib/firmware) <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware blobs root directory
... [EXTRA_FIRMWARE_DIR]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric Driver Options ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware loader ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware loading facility [FW_LOADER]
(xx/aa.bin xx/bb.bin) <emphasis role='blue'>B</emphasis>uild named firmware blobs into the kernel binary
... [EXTRA_FIRMWARE]
# This is the default, you can change it to "/usr/lib/firmware"
# if you want:
(/lib/firmware) <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware blobs root directory
... [EXTRA_FIRMWARE_DIR]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_mesa-kernel — English
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
# For r300 or r600:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>TI Radeon [DRM_RADEON]
# For radeonsi:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>MD GPU [DRM_AMDGPU]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable amdgpu support for SI parts [DRM_AMDGPU_SI]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable amdgpu support for CIK parts [DRM_AMDGPU_CIK]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>isplay Engine Configuration ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>MD DC - Enable new display engine [DRM_AMD_DC]
# For nouveau:
&lt; /*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>o</emphasis>uveau (NVIDIA) cards [DRM_NOUVEAU]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>U</emphasis>se GSP firmware for Turing/Ampere (needs firmware installed)
... [DRM_NOUVEAU_GSP_DEFAULT]
# For i915, crocus, or iris:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>ntel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics [DRM_I915]
# For llvmpipe or softpipe:
&lt; /*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual GEM provider [DRM_VGEM]
# For svga:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>RM driver for VMware Virtual GPU [DRM_VMWGFX]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
# For r300 or r600:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>TI Radeon [DRM_RADEON]
# For radeonsi:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>MD GPU [DRM_AMDGPU]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable amdgpu support for SI parts [DRM_AMDGPU_SI]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable amdgpu support for CIK parts [DRM_AMDGPU_CIK]
<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>isplay Engine Configuration ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>MD DC - Enable new display engine [DRM_AMD_DC]
# For nouveau:
&lt; /*/M&gt; N<emphasis role='blue'>o</emphasis>uveau (NVIDIA) cards [DRM_NOUVEAU]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>U</emphasis>se GSP firmware for Turing/Ampere (needs firmware installed)
... [DRM_NOUVEAU_GSP_DEFAULT]
# For i915, crocus, or iris:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>ntel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics [DRM_I915]
# For llvmpipe or softpipe:
&lt; /*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>V</emphasis>irtual GEM provider [DRM_VGEM]
# For svga:
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>RM driver for VMware Virtual GPU [DRM_VMWGFX]
Beyond Linux From Scratch/lxqt_desktop_desktop — English
<application>LXQt</application> is a <application>Qt</application> based Desktop Environment. It is focused on being a classic desktop with a modern look and feel. It can customize appearance everywhere. The panel(s) have plugins and settings. It is Window Manager agnostic, has multi-language support and standard keyboard shortcuts. <application>LXQt</application> uses less CPU and less RAM than most other environments. It is especially useful for cloud computers with low hardware specifications, such as netbooks, mobile devices (e.g. MIDs) or older computers, but can be used with modern hardware.
<application>LXQt</application> is a <application>Qt</application> based Desktop Environment. It is focused on being a classic desktop with a modern look and feel. It can customize appearance everywhere. The panel(s) have plugins and settings. It is Window Manager agnostic, has multi-language support and standard keyboard shortcuts. <application>LXQt</application> uses less CPU and less RAM than most other environments. It is especially useful for cloud computers with low hardware specifications, such as netbooks, mobile devices (e.g. MIDs) or older computers, but can be used with modern hardware.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_perl-modules_perl-list-allutils — English
List::AllUtils-&List-AllUtils-version;
List::AllUtils-&List-AllUtils-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_perl-modules_perl-class-accessor — English
Class::Accessor-&Class-Accessor-version;
Class::Accessor-&Class-Accessor-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_perl-deps_perl-alien-build — English
Alien::Build-&Alien-Build-version;
Alien::Build-&Alien-Build-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_perl-deps_perl-mime-charset — English
MIME::Charset-&MIME-Charset-version;
MIME::Charset-&MIME-Charset-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_perl-deps_perl-package-stash — English
Package::Stash-&Package-Stash-version;
Package::Stash-&Package-Stash-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/gnome_platform_gnome-shell-extensions — English
gnome-shell-extensions-&gnome-shell-extensions-version;
gnome-shell-extensions-&gnome-shell-extensions-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/gnome_applications_gnome-disk-utility — English
gnome-disk-utility-&gnome-disk-utility-version;
gnome-disk-utility-&gnome-disk-utility-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_lib_clutter-gst — English
clutter-gst-&clutter-gst-version;
clutter-gst-&clutter-gst-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_editors_mousepad — English
Mousepad-&mousepad-version;
Mousepad-&mousepad-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/xfce_core_thunar — English
thunar-&thunar-version;
thunar-&thunar-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/server_databases_upgradedb — English
$ sudo systemctl status postgresql
-- postgresql.service - PostgreSQL database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2021-10-26 17:11:53 CDT; 2min 49s ago
Process: 17336 ExecStart=/usr/bin/pg_ctl -s -D ${PGROOT}/data start -w -t 120 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
CPU: 7ms

Oct 26 17:11:53 SVRNAME systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL database server...
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME postgres[17338]: 2021-10-26 17:11:53.420 CDT [17338] FATAL:
database files are incompatible with server
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME postgres[17338]: 2021-10-26 17:11:53.420 CDT [17338] DETAIL:
The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version 13,
which is not compatible with this version 14.0.
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME postgres[17336]: pg_ctl: could not start server
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME postgres[17336]: Examine the log output.
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME systemd[1]: postgresql.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME systemd[1]: postgresql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME systemd[1]: Failed to start PostgreSQL database server.
$ sudo systemctl status postgresql
-- postgresql.service - PostgreSQL database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2021-10-26 17:11:53 CDT; 2min 49s ago
Process: 17336 ExecStart=/usr/bin/pg_ctl -s -D ${PGROOT}/data start -w -t 120 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
CPU: 7ms

Oct 26 17:11:53 SVRNAME systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL database server...
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME postgres[17338]: 2021-10-26 17:11:53.420 CDT [17338] FATAL:
database files are incompatible with server
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME postgres[17338]: 2021-10-26 17:11:53.420 CDT [17338] DETAIL:
The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version 13,
which is not compatible with this version 14.0.
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME postgres[17336]: pg_ctl: could not start server
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME postgres[17336]: Examine the log output.
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME systemd[1]: postgresql.service: Control process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME systemd[1]: postgresql.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Oct 26 17:11:53 SRVNAME systemd[1]: Failed to start PostgreSQL database server.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/pst_printing_cups-browsed — English
cups-browsed-&cups-browsed-version;
cups-browsed-&cups-browsed-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/kde_kf5-apps_khelpcenter — English
0.2 SBU (using parallelism=4)
0.2 SBU (using parallelism=4)
Beyond Linux From Scratch/introduction_welcome_askhelp — English
Are your permissions properly set, especially for devices? LFS uses groups to make these settings easier, but it also adds the step of adding users to groups to allow access. A simple <command>usermod -G audio <replaceable>&lt;user&gt;</replaceable></command> may be all that's necessary for that user to have access to the sound system. Any question that starts out with <quote>It works as root, but not as ...</quote> requires a thorough review of permissions prior to asking.
Are your permissions properly set, especially for devices? LFS uses groups to make these settings easier, but it also adds the step of adding users to groups to allow access. A simple <command>usermod -G audio <replaceable>&lt;user&gt;</replaceable></command> may be all that's necessary for that user to have access to the sound system. Any question that starts out with <quote>It works as root, but not as ...</quote> requires a thorough review of permissions prior to asking.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/gnome_platform_gconf — English
GConf-&GConf-version;
GConf-&GConf-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_xterm — English
xterm-&xterm-version;
xterm-&xterm-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_security_p11-kit — English
p11-kit-&p11-kit-version;
p11-kit-&p11-kit-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/networking_netprogs_net-tools — English
Net-tools-&net-tools-version;
Net-tools-&net-tools-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/multimedia_videoutils_transcode — English
Transcode-&transcode-version;
Transcode-&transcode-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/multimedia_libdriv_sbc — English
SBC-&sbc-version;
SBC-&sbc-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/multimedia_libdriv_v4l-utils — English
v4l-utils-&v4l-utils-version;
v4l-utils-&v4l-utils-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/pst_typesetting_dvisvgm — English
dvisvgm-&dvisvgm-version;
dvisvgm-&dvisvgm-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_python-modules_pyserial — English
pySerial-&pyserial-version;
pySerial-&pyserial-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_sysutils_hdparm — English
Hdparm-&hdparm-version;
Hdparm-&hdparm-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_graphlib_freetype2 — English
&freetype2-version;
&freetype2-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_genlib_libstatgrab — English
libstatgrab-&libstatgrab-version;
libstatgrab-&libstatgrab-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/lxqt_apps_lxqt-archiver — English
lxqt-archiver-&lxqt-archiver-version;
lxqt-archiver-&lxqt-archiver-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_config_firmware — English
To get the firmware, point a browser to one of the above repositories and then download the item(s) which you need. If you want all these firmware files (for example you are distributing the system onto multiple hardware systems), either install <xref linkend="git"/> and clone <ulink url='&linux-firmware-git;'/>, or open this URL in a browser and download the latest snapshot listed in the <literal>Tag</literal> table.
To get the firmware, point a browser to one of the above repositories and then download the item(s) which you need. If you want all these firmware files (for example you are distributing the system onto multiple hardware systems), either install <xref linkend="git"/> and clone <ulink url='&linux-firmware-git;'/>, or open this URL in a browser and download the latest snapshot listed in the <literal>Tag</literal> table.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_python-dependencies_charset-normalizer — English
Charset-normalizer-&charset-normalizer-version;
Charset-normalizer-&charset-normalizer-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_TTF-and-OTF-fonts — English
Some fonts are also available as <emphasis>variable</emphasis> font files. Unlike a normal font file which only contains one variation, a variable font file contains infinite variations. Each variation can be defined by the application using this font by assigning number(s) to one or more variables. There are also pre-defined <emphasis>named instances</emphasis> analogous to the traditional variations. For example, with the variable version of Noto Sans, the weight variable can be assigned any number not less than 100 and not greater than 900, and 9 named instances are pre-defined: ExtraLight for weight=100, Regular for weight=400, Bold for weight=700, etc. So once a variable font file for Noto Sans is installed, all the 9 named instances (or <quote>variations</quote>) are available. Note that the slope is not defined as a variable in the variable version of Noto Sans, so Regular and Italic are still traditional variations and a separate variable font file is needed for the Italic variation.
Some fonts are also available as <emphasis>variable</emphasis> font files. Unlike a normal font file which only contains one variation, a variable font file contains infinite variations. Each variation can be defined by the application using this font by assigning number(s) to one or more variables. There are also pre-defined <emphasis>named instances</emphasis> analogous to the traditional variations. For example, with the variable version of Noto Sans, the weight variable can be assigned any number not less than 100 and not greater than 900, and 9 named instances are pre-defined: ExtraLight for weight=100, Regular for weight=400, Bold for weight=700, etc. So once a variable font file for Noto Sans is installed, all the 9 named instances (or <quote>variations</quote>) are available. Note that the slope is not defined as a variable in the variable version of Noto Sans, so Regular and Italic are still traditional variations and a separate variable font file is needed for the Italic variation.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_genlib_libblockdev — English
libblockdev is a C library supporting GObject Introspection for manipulation of block devices. It has a plugin-based architecture where each technology (like LVM, Btrfs, MD RAID, Swap,...) is implemented in a separate plugin, possibly with multiple implementations (e.g. using LVM CLI or the new LVM DBus API).
libblockdev is a C library supporting GObject Introspection for manipulation of block devices. It has a plugin-based architecture where each technology (like LVM, Btrfs, MD RAID, Swap,...) is implemented in a separate plugin, possibly with multiple implementations (e.g. using LVM CLI or the new LVM DBus API).
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_x7driver-intel — English
Xorg Intel Driver-&xorg-intel-driver-version;
Xorg Intel Driver-&xorg-intel-driver-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_filesystems_initramfs — English
<userinput>cat &gt; /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/bash
# This file based in part on the mkinitramfs script for the LFS LiveCD
# written by Alexander E. Patrakov and Jeremy Huntwork.

copy()
{
local file

if [ "$2" = "lib" ]; then
file=$(PATH=/usr/lib type -p $1)
else
file=$(type -p $1)
fi

if [ -n "$file" ] ; then
cp $file $WDIR/usr/$2
else
echo "Missing required file: $1 for directory $2"
rm -rf $WDIR
exit 1
fi
}

if [ -z $1 ] ; then
INITRAMFS_FILE=initrd.img-no-kmods
else
KERNEL_VERSION=$1
INITRAMFS_FILE=initrd.img-$KERNEL_VERSION
fi

if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ] &amp;&amp; [ ! -d "/usr/lib/modules/$1" ] ; then
echo "No modules directory named $1"
exit 1
fi

printf "Creating $INITRAMFS_FILE... "

binfiles="sh cat cp dd killall ls mkdir mknod mount "
binfiles="$binfiles umount sed sleep ln rm uname"
binfiles="$binfiles readlink basename"

# Systemd installs udevadm in /bin. Other udev implementations have it in /sbin
if [ -x /usr/bin/udevadm ] ; then binfiles="$binfiles udevadm"; fi

sbinfiles="modprobe blkid switch_root"

# Optional files and locations
for f in mdadm mdmon udevd udevadm; do
if [ -x /usr/sbin/$f ] ; then sbinfiles="$sbinfiles $f"; fi
done

# Add lvm if present (cannot be done with the others because it
# also needs dmsetup
if [ -x /usr/sbin/lvm ] ; then sbinfiles="$sbinfiles lvm dmsetup"; fi

unsorted=$(mktemp /tmp/unsorted.XXXXXXXXXX)

DATADIR=/usr/share/mkinitramfs
INITIN=init.in

# Create a temporary working directory
WDIR=$(mktemp -d /tmp/initrd-work.XXXXXXXXXX)

# Create base directory structure
mkdir -p $WDIR/{dev,run,sys,proc,usr/{bin,lib/{firmware,modules},sbin}}
mkdir -p $WDIR/etc/{modprobe.d,udev/rules.d}
touch $WDIR/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf
ln -s usr/bin $WDIR/bin
ln -s usr/lib $WDIR/lib
ln -s usr/sbin $WDIR/sbin
ln -s lib $WDIR/lib64

# Create necessary device nodes
mknod -m 640 $WDIR/dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 664 $WDIR/dev/null c 1 3

# Install the udev configuration files
if [ -f /etc/udev/udev.conf ]; then
cp /etc/udev/udev.conf $WDIR/etc/udev/udev.conf
fi

for file in $(find /etc/udev/rules.d/ -type f) ; do
cp $file $WDIR/etc/udev/rules.d
done

# Install any firmware present
cp -a /usr/lib/firmware $WDIR/usr/lib

# Copy the RAID configuration file if present
if [ -f /etc/mdadm.conf ] ; then
cp /etc/mdadm.conf $WDIR/etc
fi

# Install the init file
install -m0755 $DATADIR/$INITIN $WDIR/init

if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ] ; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/kmod ] ; then
binfiles="$binfiles kmod"
else
binfiles="$binfiles lsmod"
sbinfiles="$sbinfiles insmod"
fi
fi

# Install basic binaries
for f in $binfiles ; do
ldd /usr/bin/$f | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 &gt;&gt; $unsorted
copy /usr/bin/$f bin
done

for f in $sbinfiles ; do
ldd /usr/sbin/$f | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 &gt;&gt; $unsorted
copy $f sbin
done

# Add udevd libraries if not in /usr/sbin
if [ -x /usr/lib/udev/udevd ] ; then
ldd /usr/lib/udev/udevd | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 &gt;&gt; $unsorted
elif [ -x /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd ] ; then
ldd /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 &gt;&gt; $unsorted
fi

# Add module symlinks if appropriate
if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ] &amp;&amp; [ -x /usr/bin/kmod ] ; then
ln -s kmod $WDIR/usr/bin/lsmod
ln -s kmod $WDIR/usr/bin/insmod
fi

# Add lvm symlinks if appropriate
# Also copy the lvm.conf file
if [ -x /usr/sbin/lvm ] ; then
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvchange
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvrename
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvextend
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvcreate
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvdisplay
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvscan

ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvchange
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvck
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvcreate
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvdisplay
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvscan

ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgchange
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgcreate
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgscan
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgrename
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgck
# Conf file(s)
cp -a /etc/lvm $WDIR/etc
fi

# Install libraries
sort $unsorted | uniq | while read library ; do
# linux-vdso and linux-gate are pseudo libraries and do not correspond to a file
# libsystemd-shared is in /lib/systemd, so it is not found by copy, and
# it is copied below anyway
if [[ "$library" == linux-vdso.so.1 ]] ||
[[ "$library" == linux-gate.so.1 ]] ||
[[ "$library" == libsystemd-shared* ]]; then
continue
fi

copy $library lib
done

if [ -d /usr/lib/udev ]; then
cp -a /usr/lib/udev $WDIR/usr/lib
fi
if [ -d /usr/lib/systemd ]; then
cp -a /usr/lib/systemd $WDIR/usr/lib
fi
if [ -d /usr/lib/elogind ]; then
cp -a /usr/lib/elogind $WDIR/usr/lib
fi

# Install the kernel modules if requested
if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ]; then
find \
/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/{crypto,fs,lib} \
/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/drivers/{block,ata,nvme,md,firewire} \
/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/drivers/{scsi,message,pcmcia,virtio} \
/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/drivers/usb/{host,storage} \
-type f 2&gt; /dev/null | cpio --make-directories -p --quiet $WDIR

cp /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/modules.{builtin,order} \
$WDIR/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION
if [ -f /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/modules.builtin.modinfo ]; then
cp /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/modules.builtin.modinfo \
$WDIR/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION
fi

depmod -b $WDIR $KERNEL_VERSION
fi

( cd $WDIR ; find . | cpio -o -H newc --quiet | gzip -9 ) &gt; $INITRAMFS_FILE

# Prepare early loading of microcode if available
if ls /usr/lib/firmware/intel-ucode/* &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 ||
ls /usr/lib/firmware/amd-ucode/* &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1; then

# first empty WDIR to reuse it
rm -r $WDIR/*

DSTDIR=$WDIR/kernel/x86/microcode
mkdir -p $DSTDIR

if [ -d /usr/lib/firmware/amd-ucode ]; then
cat /usr/lib/firmware/amd-ucode/microcode_amd*.bin &gt; $DSTDIR/AuthenticAMD.bin
fi

if [ -d /usr/lib/firmware/intel-ucode ]; then
cat /usr/lib/firmware/intel-ucode/* &gt; $DSTDIR/GenuineIntel.bin
fi

( cd $WDIR; find . | cpio -o -H newc --quiet ) &gt; microcode.img
cat microcode.img $INITRAMFS_FILE &gt; tmpfile
mv tmpfile $INITRAMFS_FILE
rm microcode.img
fi

# Remove the temporary directories and files
rm -rf $WDIR $unsorted
printf "done.\n"
</literal>
EOF

chmod 0755 /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/bash
# This file based in part on the mkinitramfs script for the LFS LiveCD
# written by Alexander E. Patrakov and Jeremy Huntwork.

copy()
{
local file

if [ "$2" = "lib" ]; then
file=$(PATH=/usr/lib type -p $1)
else
file=$(type -p $1)
fi

if [ -n "$file" ] ; then
cp $file $WDIR/usr/$2
else
echo "Missing required file: $1 for directory $2"
rm -rf $WDIR
exit 1
fi
}

if [ -z $1 ] ; then
INITRAMFS_FILE=initrd.img-no-kmods
else
KERNEL_VERSION=$1
INITRAMFS_FILE=initrd.img-$KERNEL_VERSION
fi

if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ] &amp;&amp; [ ! -d "/usr/lib/modules/$1" ] ; then
echo "No modules directory named $1"
exit 1
fi

printf "Creating $INITRAMFS_FILE... "

binfiles="sh cat cp dd killall ls mkdir mknod mount "
binfiles="$binfiles umount sed sleep ln rm uname"
binfiles="$binfiles readlink basename"

# Systemd installs udevadm in /bin. Other udev implementations have it in /sbin
if [ -x /usr/bin/udevadm ] ; then binfiles="$binfiles udevadm"; fi

sbinfiles="modprobe blkid switch_root"

# Optional files and locations
for f in mdadm mdmon udevd udevadm; do
if [ -x /usr/sbin/$f ] ; then sbinfiles="$sbinfiles $f"; fi
done

# Add lvm if present (cannot be done with the others because it
# also needs dmsetup
if [ -x /usr/sbin/lvm ] ; then sbinfiles="$sbinfiles lvm dmsetup"; fi

unsorted=$(mktemp /tmp/unsorted.XXXXXXXXXX)

DATADIR=/usr/share/mkinitramfs
INITIN=init.in

# Create a temporary working directory
WDIR=$(mktemp -d /tmp/initrd-work.XXXXXXXXXX)

# Create base directory structure
mkdir -p $WDIR/{dev,run,sys,proc,usr/{bin,lib/{firmware,modules},sbin}}
mkdir -p $WDIR/etc/{modprobe.d,udev/rules.d}
touch $WDIR/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf
ln -s usr/bin $WDIR/bin
ln -s usr/lib $WDIR/lib
ln -s usr/sbin $WDIR/sbin
ln -s lib $WDIR/lib64

# Create necessary device nodes
mknod -m 640 $WDIR/dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 664 $WDIR/dev/null c 1 3

# Install the udev configuration files
if [ -f /etc/udev/udev.conf ]; then
cp /etc/udev/udev.conf $WDIR/etc/udev/udev.conf
fi

for file in $(find /etc/udev/rules.d/ -type f) ; do
cp $file $WDIR/etc/udev/rules.d
done

# Install any firmware present
cp -a /usr/lib/firmware $WDIR/usr/lib

# Copy the RAID configuration file if present
if [ -f /etc/mdadm.conf ] ; then
cp /etc/mdadm.conf $WDIR/etc
fi

# Install the init file
install -m0755 $DATADIR/$INITIN $WDIR/init

if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ] ; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/kmod ] ; then
binfiles="$binfiles kmod"
else
binfiles="$binfiles lsmod"
sbinfiles="$sbinfiles insmod"
fi
fi

# Install basic binaries
for f in $binfiles ; do
ldd /usr/bin/$f | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 &gt;&gt; $unsorted
copy /usr/bin/$f bin
done

for f in $sbinfiles ; do
ldd /usr/sbin/$f | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 &gt;&gt; $unsorted
copy $f sbin
done

# Add udevd libraries if not in /usr/sbin
if [ -x /usr/lib/udev/udevd ] ; then
ldd /usr/lib/udev/udevd | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 &gt;&gt; $unsorted
elif [ -x /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd ] ; then
ldd /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd | sed "s/\t//" | cut -d " " -f1 &gt;&gt; $unsorted
fi

# Add module symlinks if appropriate
if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ] &amp;&amp; [ -x /usr/bin/kmod ] ; then
ln -s kmod $WDIR/usr/bin/lsmod
ln -s kmod $WDIR/usr/bin/insmod
fi

# Add lvm symlinks if appropriate
# Also copy the lvm.conf file
if [ -x /usr/sbin/lvm ] ; then
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvchange
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvrename
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvextend
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvcreate
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvdisplay
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/lvscan

ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvchange
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvck
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvcreate
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvdisplay
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/pvscan

ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgchange
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgcreate
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgscan
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgrename
ln -s lvm $WDIR/usr/sbin/vgck
# Conf file(s)
cp -a /etc/lvm $WDIR/etc
fi

# Install libraries
sort $unsorted | uniq | while read library ; do
# linux-vdso and linux-gate are pseudo libraries and do not correspond to a file
# libsystemd-shared is in /lib/systemd, so it is not found by copy, and
# it is copied below anyway
if [[ "$library" == linux-vdso.so.1 ]] ||
[[ "$library" == linux-gate.so.1 ]] ||
[[ "$library" == libsystemd-shared* ]]; then
continue
fi

copy $library lib
done

if [ -d /usr/lib/udev ]; then
cp -a /usr/lib/udev $WDIR/usr/lib
fi
if [ -d /usr/lib/systemd ]; then
cp -a /usr/lib/systemd $WDIR/usr/lib
fi
if [ -d /usr/lib/elogind ]; then
cp -a /usr/lib/elogind $WDIR/usr/lib
fi

# Install the kernel modules if requested
if [ -n "$KERNEL_VERSION" ]; then
find \
/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/{crypto,fs,lib} \
/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/drivers/{block,ata,nvme,md,firewire} \
/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/drivers/{scsi,message,pcmcia,virtio} \
/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/kernel/drivers/usb/{host,storage} \
-type f 2&gt; /dev/null | cpio --make-directories -p --quiet $WDIR

cp /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/modules.{builtin,order} \
$WDIR/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION
if [ -f /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/modules.builtin.modinfo ]; then
cp /usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION/modules.builtin.modinfo \
$WDIR/usr/lib/modules/$KERNEL_VERSION
fi

depmod -b $WDIR $KERNEL_VERSION
fi

( cd $WDIR ; find . | cpio -o -H newc --quiet | gzip -9 ) &gt; $INITRAMFS_FILE

# Prepare early loading of microcode if available
if ls /usr/lib/firmware/intel-ucode/* &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 ||
ls /usr/lib/firmware/amd-ucode/* &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1; then

# first empty WDIR to reuse it
rm -r $WDIR/*

DSTDIR=$WDIR/kernel/x86/microcode
mkdir -p $DSTDIR

if [ -d /usr/lib/firmware/amd-ucode ]; then
cat /usr/lib/firmware/amd-ucode/microcode_amd*.bin &gt; $DSTDIR/AuthenticAMD.bin
fi

if [ -d /usr/lib/firmware/intel-ucode ]; then
cat /usr/lib/firmware/intel-ucode/* &gt; $DSTDIR/GenuineIntel.bin
fi

( cd $WDIR; find . | cpio -o -H newc --quiet ) &gt; microcode.img
cat microcode.img $INITRAMFS_FILE &gt; tmpfile
mv tmpfile $INITRAMFS_FILE
rm microcode.img
fi

# Remove the temporary directories and files
rm -rf $WDIR $unsorted
printf "done.\n"
</literal>
EOF

chmod 0755 /usr/sbin/mkinitramfs</userinput>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/lxqt_desktop_lxqt-about — English
The <application>lxqt-about</application> package provides the standalone <application>LXQt</application> <quote>About</quote> dialog.
The <application>lxqt-about</application> package provides the standalone <application>LXQt</application> <quote>About</quote> dialog.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_php — French
<application>PHP</application> is the PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. Primarily used in dynamic web sites, it allows for programming code to be directly embedded into the HTML markup. It is also useful as a general purpose scripting language.
<application>PHP</application> est le <foreignphrase>PHP Hypertext Preprocessor</foreignphrase>. Utilisé à l'origine sur des sites Internet dynamiques, il permet au code d'être directement embarqué dans la balise HTML. Il sert aussi de langage de script généraliste.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/introduction_important_libraries — English
If you use this approach, you may discover that more packages than you were expecting use a static library. That was the case with <application>nettle-2.4</application> in its default static-only configuration: It was required by <application>GnuTLS-3.0.19</application>, but also linked into package(s) which used <application>GnuTLS</application>, such as <application>glib-networking-2.32.3</application>.
If you use this approach, you may discover that more packages than you were expecting use a static library. That was the case with <application>nettle-2.4</application> in its default static-only configuration: It was required by <application>GnuTLS-3.0.19</application>, but also linked into package(s) which used <application>GnuTLS</application>, such as <application>glib-networking-2.32.3</application>.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_filesystems_initramfs — English
<userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/mkinitramfs &amp;&amp;
cat &gt; /usr/share/mkinitramfs/init.in &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/sh

PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
export PATH

problem()
{
printf "Encountered a problem!\n\nDropping you to a shell.\n\n"
sh
}

no_device()
{
printf "The device %s, which is supposed to contain the\n" $1
printf "root file system, does not exist.\n"
printf "Please fix this problem and exit this shell.\n\n"
}

no_mount()
{
printf "Could not mount device %s\n" $1
printf "Sleeping forever. Please reboot and fix the kernel command line.\n\n"
printf "Maybe the device is formatted with an unsupported file system?\n\n"
printf "Or maybe filesystem type autodetection went wrong, in which case\n"
printf "you should add the rootfstype=... parameter to the kernel command line.\n\n"
printf "Available partitions:\n"
}

do_mount_root()
{
mkdir /.root
[ -n "$rootflags" ] &amp;&amp; rootflags="$rootflags,"
rootflags="$rootflags$ro"

case "$root" in
/dev/* ) device=$root ;;
UUID=* ) eval $root; device="/dev/disk/by-uuid/$UUID" ;;
PARTUUID=*) eval $root; device="/dev/disk/by-partuuid/$PARTUUID" ;;
LABEL=* ) eval $root; device="/dev/disk/by-label/$LABEL" ;;
"" ) echo "No root device specified." ; problem ;;
esac

while [ ! -b "$device" ] ; do
no_device $device
problem
done

if ! mount -n -t "$rootfstype" -o "$rootflags" "$device" /.root ; then
no_mount $device
cat /proc/partitions
while true ; do sleep 10000 ; done
else
echo "Successfully mounted device $root"
fi
}

do_try_resume()
{
case "$resume" in
UUID=* ) eval $resume; resume="/dev/disk/by-uuid/$UUID" ;;
LABEL=*) eval $resume; resume="/dev/disk/by-label/$LABEL" ;;
esac

if $noresume || ! [ -b "$resume" ]; then return; fi

ls -lH "$resume" | ( read x x x x maj min x
echo -n ${maj%,}:$min &gt; /sys/power/resume )
}

init=/sbin/init
root=
rootdelay=
rootfstype=auto
ro="ro"
rootflags=
device=
resume=
noresume=false

mount -n -t devtmpfs devtmpfs /dev
mount -n -t proc proc /proc
mount -n -t sysfs sysfs /sys
mount -n -t tmpfs tmpfs /run

read -r cmdline &lt; /proc/cmdline

for param in $cmdline ; do
case $param in
init=* ) init=${param#init=} ;;
root=* ) root=${param#root=} ;;
rootdelay=* ) rootdelay=${param#rootdelay=} ;;
rootfstype=*) rootfstype=${param#rootfstype=} ;;
rootflags=* ) rootflags=${param#rootflags=} ;;
resume=* ) resume=${param#resume=} ;;
noresume ) noresume=true ;;
ro ) ro="ro" ;;
rw ) ro="rw" ;;
esac
done

# udevd location depends on version
if [ -x /sbin/udevd ]; then
UDEVD=/sbin/udevd
elif [ -x /lib/udev/udevd ]; then
UDEVD=/lib/udev/udevd
elif [ -x /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd ]; then
UDEVD=/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
else
echo "Cannot find udevd nor systemd-udevd"
problem
fi

${UDEVD} --daemon --resolve-names=never
udevadm trigger
udevadm settle

if [ -f /etc/mdadm.conf ] ; then mdadm -As ; fi
if [ -x /sbin/vgchange ] ; then /sbin/vgchange -a y &gt; /dev/null ; fi
if [ -n "$rootdelay" ] ; then sleep "$rootdelay" ; fi

do_try_resume # This function will not return if resuming from disk
do_mount_root

killall -w ${UDEVD##*/}

exec switch_root /.root "$init" "$@"
</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>mkdir -p /usr/share/mkinitramfs &amp;&amp;
cat &gt; /usr/share/mkinitramfs/init.in &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/sh

PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
export PATH

problem()
{
printf "Encountered a problem!\n\nDropping you to a shell.\n\n"
sh
}

no_device()
{
printf "The device %s, which is supposed to contain the\n" $1
printf "root file system, does not exist.\n"
printf "Please fix this problem and exit this shell.\n\n"
}

no_mount()
{
printf "Could not mount device %s\n" $1
printf "Sleeping forever. Please reboot and fix the kernel command line.\n\n"
printf "Maybe the device is formatted with an unsupported file system?\n\n"
printf "Or maybe filesystem type autodetection went wrong, in which case\n"
printf "you should add the rootfstype=... parameter to the kernel command line.\n\n"
printf "Available partitions:\n"
}

do_mount_root()
{
mkdir /.root
[ -n "$rootflags" ] &amp;&amp; rootflags="$rootflags,"
rootflags="$rootflags$ro"

case "$root" in
/dev/* ) device=$root ;;
UUID=* ) eval $root; device="/dev/disk/by-uuid/$UUID" ;;
PARTUUID=*) eval $root; device="/dev/disk/by-partuuid/$PARTUUID" ;;
LABEL=* ) eval $root; device="/dev/disk/by-label/$LABEL" ;;
"" ) echo "No root device specified." ; problem ;;
esac

while [ ! -b "$device" ] ; do
no_device $device
problem
done

if ! mount -n -t "$rootfstype" -o "$rootflags" "$device" /.root ; then
no_mount $device
cat /proc/partitions
while true ; do sleep 10000 ; done
else
echo "Successfully mounted device $root"
fi
}

do_try_resume()
{
case "$resume" in
UUID=* ) eval $resume; resume="/dev/disk/by-uuid/$UUID" ;;
LABEL=*) eval $resume; resume="/dev/disk/by-label/$LABEL" ;;
esac

if $noresume || ! [ -b "$resume" ]; then return; fi

ls -lH "$resume" | ( read x x x x maj min x
echo -n ${maj%,}:$min &gt; /sys/power/resume )
}

init=/sbin/init
root=
rootdelay=
rootfstype=auto
ro="ro"
rootflags=
device=
resume=
noresume=false

mount -n -t devtmpfs devtmpfs /dev
mount -n -t proc proc /proc
mount -n -t sysfs sysfs /sys
mount -n -t tmpfs tmpfs /run

read -r cmdline &lt; /proc/cmdline

for param in $cmdline ; do
case $param in
init=* ) init=${param#init=} ;;
root=* ) root=${param#root=} ;;
rootdelay=* ) rootdelay=${param#rootdelay=} ;;
rootfstype=*) rootfstype=${param#rootfstype=} ;;
rootflags=* ) rootflags=${param#rootflags=} ;;
resume=* ) resume=${param#resume=} ;;
noresume ) noresume=true ;;
ro ) ro="ro" ;;
rw ) ro="rw" ;;
esac
done

# udevd location depends on version
if [ -x /sbin/udevd ]; then
UDEVD=/sbin/udevd
elif [ -x /lib/udev/udevd ]; then
UDEVD=/lib/udev/udevd
elif [ -x /lib/systemd/systemd-udevd ]; then
UDEVD=/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd
else
echo "Cannot find udevd nor systemd-udevd"
problem
fi

${UDEVD} --daemon --resolve-names=never
udevadm trigger
udevadm settle

if [ -f /etc/mdadm.conf ] ; then mdadm -As ; fi
if [ -x /sbin/vgchange ] ; then /sbin/vgchange -a y &gt; /dev/null ; fi
if [ -n "$rootdelay" ] ; then sleep "$rootdelay" ; fi

do_try_resume # This function will not return if resuming from disk
do_mount_root

killall -w ${UDEVD##*/}

exec switch_root /.root "$init" "$@"
</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_perl-modules_perl-list-allutils — English
Download MD5 sum: &my-md5sum;
Download MD5 sum: &my-md5sum;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_graphlib_freetype2 — English
FreeType-&freetype2-version;
FreeType-&freetype2-version;
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_python-dependencies_editables — English
<application>Editables</application> is python library for creating <quote>editable wheels.</quote>
<application>Editables</application> is python library for creating <quote>editable wheels.</quote>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/introduction_important_la-files — English
<userinput>cat &gt; /usr/sbin/remove-la-files.sh &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/bash

# /usr/sbin/remove-la-files.sh
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by Bruce Dubbs &lt;bdubbs@&lfs-domainname;&gt;

# Make sure we are running with root privs
if test "${EUID}" -ne 0; then
echo "Error: $(basename ${0}) must be run as the root user! Exiting..."
exit 1
fi

# Make sure PKG_CONFIG_PATH is set if discarded by sudo
source /etc/profile

OLD_LA_DIR=/var/local/la-files

mkdir -p $OLD_LA_DIR

# Only search directories in /opt, but not symlinks to directories
OPTDIRS=$(find /opt -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d)

# Move any found .la files to a directory out of the way
find /usr/lib $OPTDIRS -name "*.la" ! -path "/usr/lib/ImageMagick*" \
-exec mv -fv {} $OLD_LA_DIR \;
###############

# Fix any .pc files that may have .la references

STD_PC_PATH='/usr/lib/pkgconfig
/usr/share/pkgconfig
/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
/usr/local/share/pkgconfig'

# For each directory that can have .pc files
for d in $(echo $PKG_CONFIG_PATH | tr : ' ') $STD_PC_PATH; do

# For each pc file
for pc in $d/*.pc ; do
if [ $pc == "$d/*.pc" ]; then continue; fi

# Check each word in a line with a .la reference
for word in $(grep '\.la' $pc); do
if $(echo $word | grep -q '.la$' ); then
mkdir -p $d/la-backup
cp -fv $pc $d/la-backup

basename=$(basename $word )
libref=$(echo $basename|sed -e 's/^lib/-l/' -e 's/\.la$//')

# Fix the .pc file
sed -i "s:$word:$libref:" $pc
fi
done
done
done</literal>

EOF

chmod +x /usr/sbin/remove-la-files.sh</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /usr/sbin/remove-la-files.sh &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>#!/bin/bash

# /usr/sbin/remove-la-files.sh
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by Bruce Dubbs &lt;bdubbs@&lfs-domainname;&gt;

# Make sure we are running with root privs
if test "${EUID}" -ne 0; then
echo "Error: $(basename ${0}) must be run as the root user! Exiting..."
exit 1
fi

# Make sure PKG_CONFIG_PATH is set if discarded by sudo
source /etc/profile

OLD_LA_DIR=/var/local/la-files

mkdir -p $OLD_LA_DIR

# Only search directories in /opt, but not symlinks to directories
OPTDIRS=$(find /opt -mindepth 1 -maxdepth 1 -type d)

# Move any found .la files to a directory out of the way
find /usr/lib $OPTDIRS -name "*.la" ! -path "/usr/lib/ImageMagick*" \
-exec mv -fv {} $OLD_LA_DIR \;
###############

# Fix any .pc files that may have .la references

STD_PC_PATH='/usr/lib/pkgconfig
/usr/share/pkgconfig
/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
/usr/local/share/pkgconfig'

# For each directory that can have .pc files
for d in $(echo $PKG_CONFIG_PATH | tr : ' ') $STD_PC_PATH; do

# For each pc file
for pc in $d/*.pc ; do
if [ $pc == "$d/*.pc" ]; then continue; fi

# Check each word in a line with a .la reference
for word in $(grep '\.la' $pc); do
if $(echo $word | grep -q '.la$' ); then
mkdir -p $d/la-backup
cp -fv $pc $d/la-backup

basename=$(basename $word )
libref=$(echo $basename|sed -e 's/^lib/-l/' -e 's/\.la$//')

# Fix the .pc file
sed -i "s:$word:$libref:" $pc
fi
done
done
done</literal>

EOF

chmod +x /usr/sbin/remove-la-files.sh</userinput>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/book_preface — English
The BLFS project is a natural progression of LFS. Together, these projects provide a unique resource for the Open Source Community. They take the mystery out of the process of building a complete, functional software system from the source code contributed by many talented individuals throughout the world. They truly allow users to implement the slogan <quote><emphasis>Your distro, your rules</emphasis>.</quote>
The BLFS project is a natural progression of LFS. Together, these projects provide a unique resource for the Open Source Community. They take the mystery out of the process of building a complete, functional software system from the source code contributed by many talented individuals throughout the world. They truly allow users to implement the slogan <quote><emphasis>Your distro, your rules</emphasis>.</quote>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_config_profile — English
<?dbfo keep-together="auto"?><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/profile &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/profile
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson &lt;jameswrobertson@earthlink.net&gt;
# modifications by Dagmar d'Surreal &lt;rivyqntzne@pbzpnfg.arg&gt;

# System wide environment variables and startup programs.

# System wide aliases and functions should go in /etc/bashrc. Personal
# environment variables and startup programs should go into
# ~/.bash_profile. Personal aliases and functions should go into
# ~/.bashrc.

# Functions to help us manage paths. Second argument is the name of the
# path variable to be modified (default: PATH)
pathremove () {
local IFS=':'
local NEWPATH
local DIR
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
for DIR in ${!PATHVARIABLE} ; do
if [ "$DIR" != "$1" ] ; then
NEWPATH=${NEWPATH:+$NEWPATH:}$DIR
fi
done
export $PATHVARIABLE="$NEWPATH"
}

pathprepend () {
pathremove $1 $2
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
export $PATHVARIABLE="$1${!PATHVARIABLE:+:${!PATHVARIABLE}}"
}

pathappend () {
pathremove $1 $2
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
export $PATHVARIABLE="${!PATHVARIABLE:+${!PATHVARIABLE}:}$1"
}

export -f pathremove pathprepend pathappend

# Set the initial path
export PATH=/usr/bin

# Attempt to provide backward compatibility with LFS earlier than 11
if [ ! -L /bin ]; then
pathappend /bin
fi

if [ $EUID -eq 0 ] ; then
pathappend /usr/sbin
if [ ! -L /sbin ]; then
pathappend /sbin
fi
unset HISTFILE
fi

# Set up some environment variables.
export HISTSIZE=1000
export HISTIGNORE="&amp;:[bf]g:exit"

# Set some defaults for graphical systems
export XDG_DATA_DIRS=${XDG_DATA_DIRS:-/usr/share}
export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=${XDG_CONFIG_DIRS:-/etc/xdg}
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-/tmp/xdg-$USER}

for script in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r $script ] ; then
. $script
fi
done

unset script

# End /etc/profile</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<?dbfo keep-together="auto"?><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/profile &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/profile
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson &lt;jameswrobertson@earthlink.net&gt;
# modifications by Dagmar d'Surreal &lt;rivyqntzne@pbzpnfg.arg&gt;

# System wide environment variables and startup programs.

# System wide aliases and functions should go in /etc/bashrc. Personal
# environment variables and startup programs should go into
# ~/.bash_profile. Personal aliases and functions should go into
# ~/.bashrc.

# Functions to help us manage paths. Second argument is the name of the
# path variable to be modified (default: PATH)
pathremove () {
local IFS=':'
local NEWPATH
local DIR
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
for DIR in ${!PATHVARIABLE} ; do
if [ "$DIR" != "$1" ] ; then
NEWPATH=${NEWPATH:+$NEWPATH:}$DIR
fi
done
export $PATHVARIABLE="$NEWPATH"
}

pathprepend () {
pathremove $1 $2
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
export $PATHVARIABLE="$1${!PATHVARIABLE:+:${!PATHVARIABLE}}"
}

pathappend () {
pathremove $1 $2
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
export $PATHVARIABLE="${!PATHVARIABLE:+${!PATHVARIABLE}:}$1"
}

export -f pathremove pathprepend pathappend

# Set the initial path
export PATH=/usr/bin

# Attempt to provide backward compatibility with LFS earlier than 11
if [ ! -L /bin ]; then
pathappend /bin
fi

if [ $EUID -eq 0 ] ; then
pathappend /usr/sbin
if [ ! -L /sbin ]; then
pathappend /sbin
fi
unset HISTFILE
fi

# Set up some environment variables.
export HISTSIZE=1000
export HISTIGNORE="&amp;:[bf]g:exit"

# Set some defaults for graphical systems
export XDG_DATA_DIRS=${XDG_DATA_DIRS:-/usr/share}
export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=${XDG_CONFIG_DIRS:-/etc/xdg}
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-/tmp/xdg-$USER}

for script in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r $script ] ; then
. $script
fi
done

unset script

# End /etc/profile</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_config_profile — French
<?dbfo keep-together="auto"?><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/profile &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/profile
# Written for Beyond Linux From Scratch
# by James Robertson &lt;jameswrobertson@earthlink.net&gt;
# modifications by Dagmar d'Surreal &lt;rivyqntzne@pbzpnfg.arg&gt;

# System wide environment variables and startup programs.

# System wide aliases and functions should go in /etc/bashrc. Personal
# environment variables and startup programs should go into
# ~/.bash_profile. Personal aliases and functions should go into
# ~/.bashrc.

# Functions to help us manage paths. Second argument is the name of the
# path variable to be modified (default: PATH)
pathremove () {
local IFS=':'
local NEWPATH
local DIR
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
for DIR in ${!PATHVARIABLE} ; do
if [ "$DIR" != "$1" ] ; then
NEWPATH=${NEWPATH:+$NEWPATH:}$DIR
fi
done
export $PATHVARIABLE="$NEWPATH"
}

pathprepend () {
pathremove $1 $2
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
export $PATHVARIABLE="$1${!PATHVARIABLE:+:${!PATHVARIABLE}}"
}

pathappend () {
pathremove $1 $2
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
export $PATHVARIABLE="${!PATHVARIABLE:+${!PATHVARIABLE}:}$1"
}

export -f pathremove pathprepend pathappend

# Set the initial path
export PATH=/usr/bin

# Attempt to provide backward compatibility with LFS earlier than 11
if [ ! -L /bin ]; then
pathappend /bin
fi

if [ $EUID -eq 0 ] ; then
pathappend /usr/sbin
if [ ! -L /sbin ]; then
pathappend /sbin
fi
unset HISTFILE
fi

# Set up some environment variables.
export HISTSIZE=1000
export HISTIGNORE="&amp;:[bf]g:exit"

# Set some defaults for graphical systems
export XDG_DATA_DIRS=${XDG_DATA_DIRS:-/usr/share}
export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=${XDG_CONFIG_DIRS:-/etc/xdg}
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-/tmp/xdg-$USER}

for script in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r $script ] ; then
. $script
fi
done

unset script

# End /etc/profile</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<?dbfo keep-together="auto"?><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/profile &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Début de /etc/profile
# Écrit pour Beyond Linux From Scratch
# par James Robertson &lt;jameswrobertson@earthlink.net&gt;
# modifications de Dagmar d'Surreal &lt;rivyqntzne@pbzpnfg.arg&gt;

# Variables d'environnement du système et programmes de démarrage.

# Les alias et les fonctions du système devraient aller dans /etc/bashrc. Les variables
# d'environnement et les programmes personnels devraient aller dans
# ~/.bash_profile. Les alias et fonctions personnels devraient aller dans
# ~/.bashrc.

# Fonctions pour aider à gérer les chemins de recherche. Le second argument est le nom de
# la variable de chemin à modifier (par défaut : PATH)
pathremove () {
local IFS=':'
local NEWPATH
local DIR
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
for DIR in ${!PATHVARIABLE} ; do
if [ "$DIR" != "$1" ] ; then
NEWPATH=${NEWPATH:+$NEWPATH:}$DIR
fi
done
export $PATHVARIABLE="$NEWPATH"
}

pathprepend () {
pathremove $1 $2
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
export $PATHVARIABLE="$1${!PATHVARIABLE:+:${!PATHVARIABLE}}"
}

pathappend () {
pathremove $1 $2
local PATHVARIABLE=${2:-PATH}
export $PATHVARIABLE="${!PATHVARIABLE:+${!PATHVARIABLE}:}$1"
}

export -f pathremove pathprepend pathappend

# Indique le chemin de recherche
export PATH=/usr/bin

# Tentative de rétro-compatibilité avec LFS inférieur à 11
if [ ! -L /bin ]; then
pathappend /bin
fi

if [ $EUID -eq 0 ] ; then
pathappend /usr/sbin
if [ ! -L /sbin ]; then
pathappend /sbin
fi
unset HISTFILE
fi

# Mise en place de certaines variables d'environnement.
export HISTSIZE=1000
export HISTIGNORE="&amp;:[bf]g:exit"

# Set some defaults for graphical systems
export XDG_DATA_DIRS=${XDG_DATA_DIRS:-/usr/share}
export XDG_CONFIG_DIRS=${XDG_CONFIG_DIRS:-/etc/xdg}
export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR:-/tmp/xdg-$USER}

# Mise en place d'une invite rouge pour root et verte pour les utilisateurs.
NORMAL="\[\e[0m\]"
RED="\[\e[1;31m\]"
GREEN="\[\e[1;32m\]"
if [[ $EUID == 0 ]] ; then
PS1="$RED\u [ $NORMAL\w$RED ]# $NORMAL"
else
PS1="$GREEN\u [ $NORMAL\w$GREEN ]\$ $NORMAL"
fi

for script in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
if [ -r $script ] ; then
. $script
fi
done

unset script RED GREEN NORMAL

# Fin de /etc/profile</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/introduction_welcome_conventions — English
<userinput>cat &gt; $LFS/etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
......</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; $LFS/etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
......</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_config_skel — English
You will run a slightly modified set of commands for files which are placed in <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>. Each section will remind you of this. In brief, the book's commands have been written for files <emphasis>not</emphasis> added to <filename class="directory"> /etc/skel</filename> and instead just sends the results to the user's home directory. If the file is going to be in <filename class="directory"> /etc/skel</filename>, change the book's command(s) to send output there instead and then just copy the file from <filename class="directory"> /etc/skel</filename> to the appropriate directories, like <filename class="directory">/etc</filename>, <filename class="directory">~ </filename> or the home directory of any other user already in the system.
You will run a slightly modified set of commands for files which are placed in <filename class="directory">/etc/skel</filename>. Each section will remind you of this. In brief, the book's commands have been written for files <emphasis>not</emphasis> added to <filename class="directory"> /etc/skel</filename> and instead just sends the results to the user's home directory. If the file is going to be in <filename class="directory"> /etc/skel</filename>, change the book's command(s) to send output there instead and then just copy the file from <filename class="directory"> /etc/skel</filename> to the appropriate directories, like <filename class="directory">/etc</filename>, <filename class="directory">~ </filename> or the home directory of any other user already in the system.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_mercurial — English
<xref linkend="docutils"/> (required to build the documentation), <xref linkend="git"/>, <xref linkend="gpgme"/> (with Python bindings), <xref role="runtime" linkend="openssh"/> (runtime, to access ssh://... repositories), <xref linkend="pygments"/>, <xref linkend="rust"/> (see <filename>rust/README.rst</filename> and <filename>rust/rhg/README.md</filename>), <xref linkend="subversion"/> (with Python bindings), <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/bzr">Bazaar</ulink>, <ulink url="https://www.nongnu.org/cvs/">CVS</ulink>, <ulink url="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyflakes">pyflakes</ulink>, <ulink url="https://www.pyopenssl.org/en/stable/">pyOpenSSL</ulink>, and <ulink url="https://github.com/google/re2/">re2</ulink>
<xref linkend="docutils"/> (required to build the documentation), <xref linkend="git"/>, <xref linkend="gpgme"/> (with Python bindings), <xref role="runtime" linkend="openssh"/> (runtime, to access ssh://... repositories), <xref linkend="pygments"/>, <xref linkend="rust"/> (see <filename>rust/README.rst</filename> and <filename>rust/rhg/README.md</filename>), <xref linkend="subversion"/> (with Python bindings), <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/bzr">Bazaar</ulink>, <ulink url="https://www.nongnu.org/cvs/">CVS</ulink>, <ulink url="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyflakes">pyflakes</ulink>, <ulink url="https://www.pyopenssl.org/en/stable/">pyOpenSSL</ulink>, and <ulink url="https://github.com/google/re2/">re2</ulink>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_php — French
Optional pre-built documentation (chunked html): <ulink url="https://www.php.net/distributions/manual/php_manual_en.tar.gz"/>. Note that the documentation can be found in languages other than English at <ulink url="https://www.php.net/download-docs.php"/>
Documentation pré-construite facultative (html morcelé)&nbsp;: <ulink url="https://www.php.net/distributions/manual/php_manual_en.tar.gz"/>. Remarquez que la documentation se trouve dans d'autres langues que l'anglais sur <ulink url="https://www.php.net/download-docs.php"/>.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/lxqt_desktop_post-install — English
The X session starts on the first unused virtual terminal, normally vt1. You can switch to another vt<emphasis>n</emphasis> by simultaneously pressing the keys Ctrl-Alt-F<emphasis>n</emphasis> (<emphasis>n</emphasis>=2, 3, ...). To switch back to the X session, normally started at vt1, use Ctrl-Alt-F1. The vt where the command <command>startx</command> was executed will display many messages, including X starting messages, applications automatically started with the session, and eventually, some warning and error messages, but these are hidden by the graphical interface. You may prefer to redirect those messages to a log file, which can be used for debugging purposes. This can be done starting X with:
The X session starts on the first unused virtual terminal, normally vt1. You can switch to another vt<emphasis>n</emphasis> by simultaneously pressing the keys Ctrl-Alt-F<emphasis>n</emphasis> (<emphasis>n</emphasis>=2, 3, ...). To switch back to the X session, normally started at vt1, use Ctrl-Alt-F1. The vt where the command <command>startx</command> was executed will display many messages, including X starting messages, applications automatically started with the session, and eventually, some warning and error messages, but these are hidden by the graphical interface. You may prefer to redirect those messages to a log file, which can be used for debugging purposes. This can be done starting X with:
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_libinput — English
<xref linkend="valgrind"/> (to run the tests), <xref linkend="gtk3"/> (to build the GUI event viewer), <xref linkend="libunwind"/> (required for tests), <xref linkend="libwacom"/>, <xref linkend="doxygen"/>, <xref linkend="graphviz"/>, <xref linkend="recommonmark"/>, and <xref linkend="sphinx_rtd_theme"/> (required to build documentation), <xref linkend="pyparsing"/> (for one non-root test), and <xref linkend="pytest"/> (for another non-root test)
<xref linkend="valgrind"/> (to run the tests), <xref linkend="gtk3"/> (to build the GUI event viewer), <xref linkend="libunwind"/> (required for tests), <xref linkend="libwacom"/>, <xref linkend="doxygen"/>, <xref linkend="graphviz"/>, <xref linkend="recommonmark"/>, and <xref linkend="sphinx_rtd_theme"/> (required to build documentation), <xref linkend="pyparsing"/> (for one non-root test), and <xref linkend="pytest"/> (for another non-root test)
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_libinput — French
<xref linkend="valgrind"/> (to run the tests), <xref linkend="gtk3"/> (to build the GUI event viewer), <xref linkend="libunwind"/> (required for tests), <xref linkend="libwacom"/>, <xref linkend="doxygen"/>, <xref linkend="graphviz"/>, <xref linkend="recommonmark"/>, and <xref linkend="sphinx_rtd_theme"/> (required to build documentation), <xref linkend="pyparsing"/> (for one non-root test), and <xref linkend="pytest"/> (for another non-root test)
<xref linkend="valgrind"/> (pour lancer les tests), <xref linkend="gtk3"/> (pour construire la visionneuse d'événements en GUI), <xref linkend="libunwind"/> (requis pour les tests), <xref linkend="libwacom"/>, <xref linkend="sphinx"/> (requis pour construire la documentation) et <xref linkend="pyparsing"/> (pour un test non-root)
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_libinput — Portuguese (Brazil)
<xref linkend="valgrind"/> (to run the tests), <xref linkend="gtk3"/> (to build the GUI event viewer), <xref linkend="libunwind"/> (required for tests), <xref linkend="libwacom"/>, <xref linkend="doxygen"/>, <xref linkend="graphviz"/>, <xref linkend="recommonmark"/>, and <xref linkend="sphinx_rtd_theme"/> (required to build documentation), <xref linkend="pyparsing"/> (for one non-root test), and <xref linkend="pytest"/> (for another non-root test)
<xref linkend="valgrind"/> (para executar os testes), <xref linkend="gtk3"/> (para construir o visualizador de eventos da GUI), <xref linkend="libunwind"/> (exigido para testes), <xref linkend="libwacom"/>, <xref linkend="sphinx"/> (exigido para construir documentação) e <xref linkend="pyparsing"/> (para um teste não root)
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_genlib_libstatgrab — English
To test the results, issue: <command>make check</command>.
To test the results, issue: <command>make check</command>.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_TTF-and-OTF-fonts — English
A few fonts ship with source as well as the completed TTF or OTF file(s). Unless you intend to modify the font, and have the correct tools (sometimes <xref linkend="fontforge"/>, but often commercial tools), the source will provide no benefit, so do not install it. One or two fonts even ship with Web Open Font Format (WOFF) files - this is useful if you run a webserver and want to use that font on your website, but not useful for a desktop system.
A few fonts ship with source as well as the completed TTF or OTF file(s). Unless you intend to modify the font, and have the correct tools (sometimes <xref linkend="fontforge"/>, but often commercial tools), the source will provide no benefit, so do not install it. One or two fonts even ship with Web Open Font Format (WOFF) files - this is useful if you run a webserver and want to use that font on your website, but not useful for a desktop system.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/pst_printing_cups-browsed — English
<userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
--with-cups-rundir=/run/cups \
--without-rcdir \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/cups-browsed-&cups-browsed-version; &amp;&amp;
make</userinput>
<userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr \
--with-cups-rundir=/run/cups \
--without-rcdir \
--disable-static \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/cups-browsed-&cups-browsed-version; &amp;&amp;
make</userinput>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/multimedia_libdriv_intel-media-driver — English
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*/M&gt; Intel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics [CONFIG_DRM_I915]</literal>
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*/M&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*/M&gt; Intel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics [CONFIG_DRM_I915]</literal>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_python-dependencies_charset-normalizer — English
<userinput>&install-wheel; charset-normalizer</userinput>
<userinput>&install-wheel; charset-normalizer</userinput>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/multimedia_libdriv_faac — English
<command>aplay</command> should identify the file as <computeroutput>Signed 16 bit Little Endian, Rate 48000 Hz, Stereo</computeroutput>, and you should hear the words <quote>front left.</quote>
<command>aplay</command> should identify the file as <computeroutput>Signed 16 bit Little Endian, Rate 48000 Hz, Stereo</computeroutput>, and you should hear the words <quote>front left.</quote>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_x7driver-vmware — English
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*&gt; DRM driver for VMware Virtual GPU [CONFIG_DRM_VMWGFX]
[*] Enable framebuffer console under vmwgfx by default [CONFIG_DRM_VMWGFX_FBCON]</literal>
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*&gt; DRM driver for VMware Virtual GPU [CONFIG_DRM_VMWGFX]
[*] Enable framebuffer console under vmwgfx by default [CONFIG_DRM_VMWGFX_FBCON]</literal>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/server_databases_lmdb — English
<command>sed ... liblmdb.a ... Makefile</command>: The package executables use a static library so it must be created. This command suppresses installation of the static library.
<command>sed ... liblmdb.a ... Makefile</command>: The package executables use a static library so it must be created. This command suppresses installation of the static library.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_python-modules_pyserial — English
<userinput>&install-wheel; pyserial</userinput>
<userinput>&install-wheel; pyserial</userinput>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/gnome_platform_gsettings-desktop-schemas — English
<command>sed ... schemas/*.in</command>: This command fixes some deprecated entries in the schema templates.
<command>sed ... schemas/*.in</command>: This command fixes some deprecated entries in the schema templates.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_x7driver-nouveau — English
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*&gt; Nouveau (NVIDIA) cards [CONFIG_DRM_NOUVEAU]
[*] Support for backlight control [CONFIG_DRM_NOUVEAU_BACKLIGHT]</literal>
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*&gt; Nouveau (NVIDIA) cards [CONFIG_DRM_NOUVEAU]
[*] Support for backlight control [CONFIG_DRM_NOUVEAU_BACKLIGHT]</literal>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_config_firmware — English
To confirm what processor(s) you have (if more than one, they will be identical) look in /proc/cpuinfo. Determine the decimal values of the cpu family, model and stepping by running the following command (it will also report the current microcode version):
To confirm what processor(s) you have (if more than one, they will be identical) look in /proc/cpuinfo. Determine the decimal values of the cpu family, model and stepping by running the following command (it will also report the current microcode version):
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_python311 — English
<command> CXX="/usr/bin/g++" ./configure ...</command>: Avoid an annoying message during configuration.
<command> CXX="/usr/bin/g++" ./configure ...</command>: Avoid an annoying message during configuration.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_lib_glew — English
<command>sed -i 's%lib64%lib%g' ...</command>: This ensures that the library is installed in <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>.
<command>sed -i 's%lib64%lib%g' ...</command>: This ensures that the library is installed in <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_xorg7 — English
If you are not using the standard Xorg prefix...
If you are not using the standard Xorg prefix...
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_twm — English
<command>sed -i -e '/^rcdir =/s...</command>: This command ensures the <application>twm</application> configuration file gets installed in the proper location.
<command>sed -i -e '/^rcdir =/s...</command>: This command ensures the <application>twm</application> configuration file gets installed in the proper location.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_x7driver-intel — English
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*&gt; Intel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics [CONFIG_DRM_I915]</literal>
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*&gt; Intel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics [CONFIG_DRM_I915]</literal>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_filesystems_reiser — English
<command>sed ...</command>: Ensure a variable is defined for use with recent include files.
<command>sed ...</command>: Ensure a variable is defined for use with recent include files.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/postlfs_security_cracklib — English
Users tend to base their passwords on regular words of the spoken language, and crackers know that. <application>CrackLib</application> is intended to filter out such bad passwords at the source using a dictionary created from word lists. To accomplish this, the word list(s) for use with <application>CrackLib</application> must be an exhaustive list of words and word-based keystroke combinations likely to be chosen by users of the system as (guessable) passwords.
Users tend to base their passwords on regular words of the spoken language, and crackers know that. <application>CrackLib</application> is intended to filter out such bad passwords at the source using a dictionary created from word lists. To accomplish this, the word list(s) for use with <application>CrackLib</application> must be an exhaustive list of words and word-based keystroke combinations likely to be chosen by users of the system as (guessable) passwords.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/multimedia_libdriv_libmpeg2 — English
<command>sed -i ...</command>: This <command>sed</command> fixes problems with recent GCC compilers.
<command>sed -i ...</command>: This <command>sed</command> fixes problems with recent GCC compilers.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_prog_python-dependencies_sphinxcontrib-jsmath — English
the <command>sed ...</command> command is needed because of a change in <application>Sphinx</application> API for versions greater than 5.0.
the <command>sed ...</command> command is needed because of a change in <application>Sphinx</application> API for versions greater than 5.0.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/multimedia_cdwriteutils_dvd+rw-tools — English
<command>sed -i '/stdlib/a #include &lt;limits.h&gt;' ...</command>: This sed includes <filename>limits.h</filename>, one of the kernel headers. This is needed due to a change in the 2.6.23 kernel headers.
<command>sed -i '/stdlib/a #include &lt;limits.h&gt;' ...</command>: This sed includes <filename>limits.h</filename>, one of the kernel headers. This is needed due to a change in the 2.6.23 kernel headers.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/pst_scanning_simple-scan — English
<command>gtk-update-icon-cache [...]</command>: This command updates the system-wide GTK+ icon cache since Simple-scan's build system does not update it to account for the icons that it installs.
<command>gtk-update-icon-cache [...]</command>: This command updates the system-wide GTK+ icon cache since Simple-scan's build system does not update it to account for the icons that it installs.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_lib_glew — English
<command>sed -i -e '/glew.lib.static:/d' ...</command>: This suppresses the static library.
<command>sed -i -e '/glew.lib.static:/d' ...</command>: This suppresses the static library.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_x7driver-amdgpu — English
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*/M&gt; AMD GPU [CONFIG_DRM_AMDGPU]
&lt; /*&gt; Enable amdgpu support for SI parts [CONFIG_DRM_AMDGPU_SI]
&lt; /*&gt; Enable amdgpu support for CIK parts [CONFIG_DRM_AMDGPU_CIK]</literal>
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*/M&gt; AMD GPU [CONFIG_DRM_AMDGPU]
&lt; /*&gt; Enable amdgpu support for SI parts [CONFIG_DRM_AMDGPU_SI]
&lt; /*&gt; Enable amdgpu support for CIK parts [CONFIG_DRM_AMDGPU_CIK]</literal>
Beyond Linux From Scratch/server_databases_db — English
<command>cd build_unix &amp;&amp; ../dist/configure --prefix=/usr...</command>: This replaces the normal <command>./configure</command> command, as <application>Berkeley DB</application> comes with various build directories for different platforms.
<command>cd build_unix &amp;&amp; ../dist/configure --prefix=/usr...</command>: This replaces the normal <command>./configure</command> command, as <application>Berkeley DB</application> comes with various build directories for different platforms.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/pst_typesetting_dvisvgm — English
To test the results, issue: <command>make check</command>.
To test the results, issue: <command>make check</command>.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/lxde_apps_gpicview — English
<command>sed -i ...</command>: Fixes submenu for <application>GPicView</application>.
<command>sed -i ...</command>: Fixes submenu for <application>GPicView</application>.
Beyond Linux From Scratch/general_genlib_pth — English
<command>sed -i 's#$(LOBJS) ...</command>: This <command>sed</command> fixes a race condition in the <filename>Makefile</filename>. It allows running <command>make</command> with multiple jobs (e.g., <command>make -j4</command>).
<command>sed -i 's#$(LOBJS) ...</command>: This <command>sed</command> fixes a race condition in the <filename>Makefile</filename>. It allows running <command>make</command> with multiple jobs (e.g., <command>make -j4</command>).
Beyond Linux From Scratch/x_installing_x7driver-ati — English
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*&gt; ATI Radeon [CONFIG_DRM_RADEON]</literal>
<literal>Device Drivers ---&gt;
Graphics support ---&gt;
&lt;*&gt; Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 ... support) ---&gt; [CONFIG_DRM]
&lt;*&gt; ATI Radeon [CONFIG_DRM_RADEON]</literal>