Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_procps — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
One test named <literal>ps with output flag bsdtime,cputime,etime,etimes</literal> is known to fail if the host kernel is not built with <literal>CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT</literal> enabled. Two tests named <literal>pmap X with unreachable process</literal> and <literal>pmap XX with unreachable process</literal> are known to fail occasionally.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<command>install</command>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_symlinks — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Even if the custom udev rule file is created, udev may still assign one or more alternative names for a NIC based on physical characteristics. If a custom udev rule would rename some NIC using a name already assigned as an alternative name of another NIC, this udev rule will fail. If this issue happens, you may create the <filename>/etc/udev/network/99-default.link</filename> configuration file with an empty alternative assignment policy, overriding the default configuration file <filename>/usr/lib/udev/network/99-default.link</filename>:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove the libtool archive file because it is harmful for cross compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Work from the LFS command line
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Because the backup archive is compressed, it takes a relatively long time (over 10 minutes) even on a reasonably fast system.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <command>insmod</command> commands load the <application>GRUB</application> modules named <filename>part_gpt</filename> and <filename>ext2</filename>. Despite the naming, <filename>ext2</filename> actually supports <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext2</systemitem>, <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext3</systemitem>, and <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext4</systemitem> filesystems. The <command>grub-install</command> command has embedded some modules into the main <application>GRUB</application> image (installed into the MBR or the GRUB BIOS partition) to access the other modules (in <filename class='directory'>/boot/grub/i386-pc</filename>) without a chicken-or-egg issue, so with a typical configuration these two modules are already embedded and those two <command>insmod</command> commands will do nothing. But they do no harm anyway, and they may be needed with some rare configurations.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <emphasis>hardlink</emphasis> tests will fail if the host's kernel does not have the option <option>CONFIG_CRYPTO_USER_API_HASH</option> enabled or does not have any options providing a SHA256 implementation (for example, <option>CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256</option>, or <option>CONFIG_CRYPTO_SHA256_SSSE3</option> if the CPU supports Supplemental SSE3) enabled. In addition, two sub-tests from misc: mbsencode and one sub-test from script: replay are known to fail.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-Dmode=release</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_psmisc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
pkgconf, pkg-config (link to pkgconf), and bomtool
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_make — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bash — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The test suite of this package is designed to be run as a non-&root; user who owns the terminal connected to standard input. To satisfy the requirement, spawn a new pseudo terminal using <application>Expect</application> and run the tests as the <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem> user:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_patch — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libpipeline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_xml-parser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_dejagnu — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
We use the <command>pip3</command> command to install Python 3 programs and modules for all users as <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> in several places in this book. This conflicts with the Python developers' recommendation: to install packages into a virtual environment, or into the home directory of a regular user (by running <command>pip3</command> as this user). A multi-line warning is triggered whenever <command>pip3</command> is issued by the <systemitem class='username'>root</systemitem> user.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gawk — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The building system will not recreate the hard link <filename>gawk-&gawk-version;</filename> if it already exists. Remove it to ensure that the previous hard link installed in <xref linkend='ch-tools-gawk'/> is updated here.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_m4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This command installs the package.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gzip — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_diffutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_symlinks — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>sed -e '/^AlternativeNamesPolicy/s/=.*$/=/' \
-i /usr/lib/udev/network/99-default.link \
> /etc/udev/network/99-default.link</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This method requires installing <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libtasn1.html">libtasn1</ulink>, <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/p11-kit.html">p11-kit</ulink>, <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/make-ca.html">make-ca</ulink>, <ulink url="&blfs-book;basicnet/wget.html">wget</ulink>, <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/gpm.html">gpm</ulink>, and <ulink url="&blfs-book;basicnet/links.html">links</ulink> (or <ulink url="&blfs-book;basicnet/lynx.html">lynx</ulink>) in chroot and then rebooting into the new LFS system. At this point the default system has six virtual consoles. Switching consoles is as easy as using the <keycombo> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Fx</keycap> </keycombo> key combinations where <keycap>Fx</keycap> is between <keycap>F1</keycap> and <keycap>F6</keycap>. The <keycombo> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap function='left'/> </keycombo> and <keycombo> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap function='right'/> </keycombo> combinations also will change the console.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter05_linux-headers — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This option specifies the version of Glibc which will be used on the target. It is not relevant to the libc of the host distro because everything compiled by pass1 GCC will run in the chroot environment, which is isolated from libc of the host distro.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter05_libstdc__ — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This specifies the installation directory for include files. Because Libstdc++ is the standard C++ library for LFS, this directory should match the location where the C++ compiler (<command>$LFS_TGT-g++</command>) would search for the standard C++ include files. In a normal build, this information is automatically passed to the Libstdc++ <command>configure</command> options from the top level directory. In our case, this information must be explicitly given. The C++ compiler will prepend the sysroot path <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> (specified when building GCC-pass1) to the include file search path, so it will actually search in <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools/$LFS_TGT/include/c++/&gcc-version;</filename>. The combination of the <parameter>DESTDIR</parameter> variable (in the <command>make install</command> command below) and this switch causes the headers to be installed there.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cd $LFS
tar -cJpf $HOME/lfs-temp-tools-&version;.tar.xz .</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
/usr &ndash; In LFS, <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, <filename class="directory">/lib</filename>, and <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> are symlinks to their counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>. So <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> contains all the binaries needed for the system to run. For LFS a separate partition for <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> is normally not needed. If you create it anyway, you should make a partition large enough to fit all the programs and libraries in the system. The root partition can be very small (maybe just one gigabyte) in this configuration, so it's suitable for a thin client or diskless workstation (where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> is mounted from a remote server). However, you should be aware that an initramfs (not covered by LFS) will be needed to boot a system with a separate <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> partition.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Disable some features considered experimental by upstream.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
libpkgconf.so
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
One test named <filename>m_assume_storage_prezeroed</filename> is known to fail.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The main reason for the recommendation is to avoid conflicts with the system's package manager (<command>dpkg</command>, for example). LFS does not have a system-wide package manager, so this is not a problem. Also, <command>pip3</command> will check for a new version of itself whenever it's run. Since domain name resolution is not yet configured in the LFS chroot environment, <command>pip3</command> cannot check for a new version of itself, and will produce a warning.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_openssl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
You should update OpenSSL when a new version which fixes vulnerabilities is announced. Since OpenSSL 3.0.0, the OpenSSL versioning scheme follows the MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH format. API/ABI compatibility is guaranteed for the same MAJOR version number. Because LFS installs only the shared libraries, there is no need to recompile packages which link to <filename class="libraryfile">libcrypto.so</filename> or <filename class="libraryfile">libssl.so</filename> <emphasis>when upgrading to a version with the same MAJOR version number</emphasis>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gawk — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The installation process already created <command>awk</command> as a symlink to <command>gawk</command>, create its man page as a symlink as well:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--no-build-isolation</parameter>, <parameter>--no-deps</parameter>, and <parameter>--no-index</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
At this point you can log into two different virtual consoles and run the links or lynx browser in one console and bash in the other. GPM then allows copying commands from the browser with the left mouse button, switching consoles, and pasting into the other console.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If continuing to chapter 8, don't forget to reenter the chroot environment as explained in the <quote>Important</quote> box below.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The GRUB designator for a partition may change if you added or removed some disks (including removable disks like USB thumb devices). The change may cause boot failure because <filename>grub.cfg</filename> refers to some <quote>old</quote> designators. If you wish to avoid such a problem, you may use the UUID of a partition and the UUID of a filesystem instead of a GRUB designator to specify a device. Run <command>lsblk -o UUID,PARTUUID,PATH,MOUNTPOINT</command> to show the UUIDs of your filesystems (in the <literal>UUID</literal> column) and partitions (in the <literal>PARTUUID</literal> column). Then replace <literal>set root=(hdx,y)</literal> with <literal>search --set=root --fs-uuid <replaceable>&lt;UUID of the filesystem where the kernel is installed&gt;</replaceable></literal>, and replace <literal>root=/dev/sda2</literal> with <literal>root=PARTUUID=<replaceable>&lt;UUID of the partition where LFS is built&gt;</replaceable></literal>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter04_settingenviron — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In <xref linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> and <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>, if this variable is not set, <command>configure</command> scripts may attempt to load configuration items specific to some distributions from <filename>/usr/share/config.site</filename> on the host system. Override it to prevent potential contamination from the host.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_autoconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
note on PIE and SSP
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_mpc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_check — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This option increases system security by adding extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack smashing attacks. Note that Glibc always explicitly overrides the default of GCC, so this option is still needed even though we've already specified <option>--enable-default-ssp</option> for GCC.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gperf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_sed — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
/usr/share/doc/pkgconf-&pkgconf-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bash — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The test suite uses <command>diff</command> to detect the difference between test script output and the expected output. Any output from <command>diff</command> (prefixed with <computeroutput>&lt;</computeroutput> and <computeroutput>&gt;</computeroutput>) indicates a test failure, unless there is a message saying the difference can be ignored. One test named <filename>run-builtins</filename> is known to fail on some host distros with a difference on the first line of the output.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_dejagnu — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
DejaGNU auxiliary command launcher
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
After we boot the LFS system and set up a network connection, a different warning will be issued, telling the user to update <command>pip3</command> from a pre-built wheel on PyPI (whenever a new version is available). But LFS considers <command>pip3</command> to be a part of Python 3, so it should not be updated separately. Also, an update from a pre-built wheel would deviate from our objective: to build a Linux system from source code. So the warning about a new version of <command>pip3</command> should be ignored as well. If you wish, you can suppress all these warnings by running the following command, which creates a configuration file:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_openssl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
However, any running programs linked to those libraries need to be stopped and restarted. Read the related entries in <xref linkend='pkgmgmt-upgrade-issues'/> for details.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_zlib — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
These options prevent fetching files from the online package repository (PyPI). If packages are installed in the correct order, pip won't need to fetch any files in the first place; these options add some safety in case of user error.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_grep — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The shell expands this to two switches, <parameter>--with-bcrypt</parameter> and <parameter>--with-yescrypt</parameter>. They allow shadow to use the Bcrypt and Yescrypt algorithms implemented by <application>Libxcrypt</application> for hashing passwords. These algorithms are more secure (in particular, much more resistant to GPU-based attacks) than the traditional SHA algorithms.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The shell program <command>/bin/bash</command> (here after referred as <quote>the shell</quote>) uses a collection of startup files to help create the environment to run in. Each file has a specific use and may affect login and interactive environments differently. The files in the <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> directory provide global settings. If equivalent files exist in the home directory, they may override the global settings.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
As a side note, switching of virtual consoles can also be done from an X Window instance with the <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Fx</keycap> </keycombo> key combination, but the mouse copy operation does not work between the graphical interface and a virtual console. You can return to the X Window display with the <keycombo> <keycap>Ctrl</keycap> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Fx</keycap> </keycombo> combination, where <keycap>Fx</keycap> is usually <keycap>F1</keycap> but may be <keycap>F7</keycap>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Restore
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This switch sets the location of the socket used by <command>uuidd</command> and <filename class="libraryfile">libuuid</filename> correctly.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Note that the UUID of a partition is completely different from the UUID of the filesystem in this partition. Some online resources may instruct you to use <literal>root=UUID=<replaceable>&lt;filesystem UUID&gt;</replaceable></literal> instead of <literal>root=PARTUUID=<replaceable>&lt;partition UUID&gt;</replaceable></literal>, but doing so will require an initramfs, which is beyond the scope of LFS.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
PIE (position-independent executables) are binary programs that can be loaded anywhere in memory. Without PIE, the security feature named ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) can be applied for the shared libraries, but not for the executables themselves. Enabling PIE allows ASLR for the executables in addition to the shared libraries, and mitigates some attacks based on fixed addresses of sensitive code or data in the executables.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_zstd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The default udev rule would allow all users to access <filename class='devicefile'>/dev/kvm</filename>. The editors consider it dangerous. This option overrides it.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The test suite for this packages is not recommended. Most of the tests depend on packages that are not available in the limited LFS environment. To run the tests anyway, run <command>make check</command>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_iproute2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_mpfr — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Short Descriptions
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The instructions above disabled obsolete API functions since no package installed by compiling from sources would link against them at runtime. However, the only known binary-only applications that link against these functions require ABI version 1. If you must have such functions because of some binary-only application or to be compliant with LSB, build the package again with the following commands:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">cat &gt; /etc/pip.conf &lt;&lt; EOF
<literal>[global]
root-user-action = ignore
disable-pip-version-check = true</literal>
EOF
</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--find-links dist</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_less — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_acl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgmgt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This scheme is used by the BLFS book to install some very large packages to make it easier to upgrade them. If you install more than a few packages, this scheme becomes unmanageable. And some packages (for example Linux API headers and Glibc) may not work well with this scheme. <emphasis role='bold'>Never use this scheme system-wide.</emphasis>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_groff — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
An interactive login shell is started after a successful login, using <command>/bin/login</command>, by reading the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. An interactive non-login shell is started at the command-line (e.g. <prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>). A non-interactive shell is usually present when a shell script is running. It is non-interactive because it is processing a script and not waiting for user input between commands.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter06_binutils-pass2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove the libtool archive files because they are harmful for cross compilation, and remove unnecessary static libraries:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In case some mistakes have been made and you need to start over, you can use this backup to restore the system and save some recovery time. Since the sources are located under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename>, they are included in the backup archive as well, so they do not need to be downloaded again. After checking that <envar>$LFS</envar> is set properly, you can restore the backup by executing the following commands:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
/tmp &ndash; By default, systemd mounts a <systemitem class='filesystem'>tmpfs</systemitem> here. If you want to override that behavior, follow <xref linkend='systemd-no-tmpfs'/> when configuring the LFS system.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The name of the device node for a partition in <filename class='directory'>/dev</filename> may also change (this is less likely than a GRUB designator change). You can also replace paths to device nodes like <literal>/dev/sda1</literal> with <literal>PARTUUID=<replaceable>&lt;partition UUID&gt;</replaceable></literal>, in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, to avoid a potential boot failure in case the device node name has changed.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
SSP (Stack Smashing Protection) is a technique to ensure that the parameter stack is not corrupted. Stack corruption can, for example, alter the return address of a subroutine, thus transferring control to some dangerous code (existing in the program or shared libraries, or injected by the attacker somehow).
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Do not build the name service cache daemon which is no longer used.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-Dlink-udev-shared=false</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_xz — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_attr — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gettext — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Remove useless static libraries:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>make distclean
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-hashes=strong,glibc \
--enable-obsolete-api=glibc \
--disable-static \
--disable-failure-tokens
make
cp -av --remove-destination .libs/libcrypt.so.1* /usr/lib</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In LFS and BLFS we normally build and install Python modules with the <command>pip3</command> command. Please be sure that the <command>pip3 install</command> commands in both books are run as the &root; user (unless it's for a Python virtual environment). Running <command>pip3 install</command> as a non-&root; user may seem to work, but it will cause the installed module to be inaccessible by other users.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bison — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>