Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter01_whatsnew — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Autoconf-&autoconf-version;
Automake-&automake-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter01_resources — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <systemitem class='domainname'>linuxfromscratch.org</systemitem> server hosts a number of mailing lists used for the development of the LFS project. These lists include the main development and support lists, among others. If you cannot find an answer to your problem on the FAQ page, the next step would be to search the mailing lists at <ulink url="&lfs-root;search.html"/>.
服务器 <uri>linuxfromscratch.org</uri> 管理了若干用于 LFS项目开发过程的邮件列表，其中有主要的开发列表和技术支持列表，以及其他辅助列表。如果 FAQ 不能解决您的问题，您可以访问 <ulink url="&lfs-root;search.html"/> 在邮件列表中进行搜索。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_texinfo — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_kernfs — English
During a normal boot of an LFS system, the kernel automatically mounts the <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> file system on the <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory; the kernel creates device nodes on that virtual file system during the boot process, or when a device is first detected or accessed. The udev daemon may change the ownership or permissions of the device nodes created by the kernel, and create new device nodes or symlinks, to ease the work of distro maintainers and system administrators. (See <xref linkend='ch-config-udev-device-node-creation'/> for details.) If the host kernel supports &devtmpfs;, we can simply mount a &devtmpfs; at <filename class='directory'>$LFS/dev</filename> and rely on the kernel to populate it.
During a normal boot of an LFS system, the kernel automatically mounts the <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> file system on the <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory; the kernel creates device nodes on that virtual file system during the boot process, or when a device is first detected or accessed. The udev daemon may change the ownership or permissions of the device nodes created by the kernel, and create new device nodes or symlinks, to ease the work of distro maintainers and system administrators. (See <xref linkend='ch-config-udev-device-node-creation'/> for details.) If the host kernel supports &devtmpfs;, we can simply mount a &devtmpfs; at <filename class='directory'>$LFS/dev</filename> and rely on the kernel to populate it.
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
During a normal boot of an LFS system, the kernel automatically mounts the <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> file system on the <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory; the kernel creates device nodes on that virtual file system during the boot process, or when a device is first detected or accessed. The udev daemon may change the ownership or permissions of the device nodes created by the kernel, and create new device nodes or symlinks, to ease the work of distro maintainers and system administrators. (See <xref linkend='ch-config-udev-device-node-creation'/> for details.) If the host kernel supports &devtmpfs;, we can simply mount a &devtmpfs; at <filename class='directory'>$LFS/dev</filename> and rely on the kernel to populate it.
用设备文件填充 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> 目录的推荐方法是挂载一个虚拟文件系统 (例如 <systemitem class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>) 到 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>，然后在设备被发现或访问时动态地创建设备文件。这个工作通常由 Udev 在系统引导时完成。然而，我们的新系统还没有 Udev，也没有被引导过，因此必须手工挂载和填充 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>。这可以通过绑定挂载宿主系统的 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> 目录就实现。绑定挂载是一种特殊挂载类型，它允许在另外的位置创建某个目录或挂载点的映像。运行以下命令进行绑定挂载：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_chroot — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Notice that <filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> is not in the <envar>PATH</envar>. This means that the cross toolchain will no longer be used.
注意 <filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> 不在 <envar>PATH</envar> 中。这意味着交叉工具链在 chroot 环境中不被再使用。这还需要保证 shell 不<quote>记忆</quote>执行过的程序的位置 —— 因此需要传递 <parameter>+h</parameter> 参数给 <command>bash</command> 以关闭散列功能。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_creatingdirs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}

ln -sfv /run /var/run
ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock

install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>
<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}

ln -sfv /run /var/run
ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock

install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_gettext — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter07_bison — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter10_grub — English
Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do not already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for the procedure below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install <userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink url="&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html"> libisoburn</ulink> package.
Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do not already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for the procedure below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install <userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink url="&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html"> libisoburn</ulink> package.
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do not already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for the procedure below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install <userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink url="&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html"> libisoburn</ulink> package.
您务必保证自己拥有一个紧急引导磁盘，它在计算机不可用 (无法引导) 时能够 <quote>抢修</quote> 计算机。如果您现在还没有引导设备，您可以执行以下命令创建一个。在运行下列命令前，您需要跳到 BLFS，安装包含 <userinput>xorriso</userinput> 的 <ulink url="&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html">libisoburn</ulink> 软件包：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter04_settingenviron — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The meaning of the settings in <filename>.bashrc</filename>
<filename>.bashrc</filename> 中设定的含义：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_intltool — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_autoconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gmp — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libffi — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&buildtime;
&buildtime;
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_texinfo — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_mpc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_zstd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flex — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_check — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_man-pages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_findutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_expect — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_iproute2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gperf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_mpfr — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_sed — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_readline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_psmisc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_make — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_coreutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_xz — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bash — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_dbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gdbm — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_attr — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_patch — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_ninja — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libpipeline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gettext — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_expat — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_xml-parser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_binutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_meson — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bzip2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_dejagnu — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_sysvinit — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_openssl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_setuptools — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_bison — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gawk — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_procps — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_m4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_automake — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_inetutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_zlib — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_sysklogd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_gzip — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_man-db — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_less — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_acl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_kbd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libtool — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_tar — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_grep — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_groff — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_file — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_vim — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_libcap — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_iana-etc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter08_diffutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_introductiond — English
<xref linkend="ch-config-udev" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-udev" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_introductiond — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<xref linkend="ch-config-udev" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-udev"/>。
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
SysVinit (which will be referred to as <quote>init</quote> from now on) uses a run levels scheme. There are seven run levels, numbered 0 to 6. (Actually, there are more run levels, but the others are for special cases and are generally not used. See <ulink role='man' url='&man;init.8'>init(8)</ulink> for more details.) Each one of the seven corresponds to actions the computer is supposed to perform when it starts up or shuts down. The default run level is 3. Here are the descriptions of the different run levels as they are implemented in LFS:
SysVinit (之后简称为<quote>init</quote>) 使用运行级别架构工作。有七个 (编号为 0 到 6) 运行级别 (实际上还有更多，但它们用于一些特殊情况，一般并不使用。参阅 <filename>init(8)</filename> 了解更多细节)，每个都对应于计算机在启动时应该进行的一组操作。默认运行级别是 3，下面是不同运行级别的描述：
Linux From Scratch 12.1/chapter09_bootscripts — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
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