Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gmp — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The default settings of GMP produce libraries optimized for the host processor. If libraries suitable for processors less capable than the host's CPU are desired, generic libraries can be created by appending the <option>--host=none-linux-gnu</option> option to the <command>configure</command> command.
GMP 的默认设定会生成为本机处理器优化的库。如果您希望获得适合功能没有本机强大的 CPU 的库，执行以下命令，以生成通用库：<placeholder type="screen" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_ninja — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Using the <emphasis>optional</emphasis> procedure below allows a user to limit the number of parallel processes via an environment variable, NINJAJOBS. <emphasis role="bold">For example</emphasis>, setting: <placeholder type="screen" id="0"/> will limit <command>ninja</command> to four parallel processes.
应用下面这个<emphasis>可选的</emphasis>修改，用户即可通过一个环境变量 NINJAJOBS 限制并行进程数量。<command>例如</command>设置：<placeholder type="screen" id="0"/>会限制 ninja 使用 4 个并行进程。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_procps — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-&procps-ng-version; \
--disable-static \
--disable-kill \
--with-systemd</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--exec-prefix= \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-&procps-ng-version; \
--disable-static \
--disable-kill \
--with-systemd</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-debuginfod \
--enable-libdebuginfod=dummy</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-debuginfod --libdir=/lib</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> filesystem was mentioned briefly above. One may wonder how <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> knows about the devices present on a system and what device numbers should be used for them. Drivers that have been compiled into the kernel register their objects in <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> (devtmpfs internally) as they are detected by the kernel. For drivers compiled as modules, registration happens when the module is loaded. Once the <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> filesystem is mounted (on <filename class="directory">/sys</filename>), data which the drivers have registered with <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> are available to userspace processes and to udevd for processing (including modifications to device nodes).
前面已经简要提到了 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 文件系统。有些读者可能好奇，<systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 是如何知道系统中存在哪些设备，以及应该为它们使用什么设备号的。答案是，那些编译到内核中的驱动程序在它们的对象被内核检测到时，直接将它们注册到 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> (内部的 devtmpfs)。对于那些被编译为模块的驱动程序，注册过程在模块加载时进行。只要 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 文件系统被挂载好 (位于 /sys)，用户空间程序即可使用驱动程序注册在 <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> 中的数据，Udev 就能够使用这些数据对设备进行处理 (包括修改设备节点)。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_introductiond — English
<xref linkend="ch-config-locale" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-locale" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_introductiond — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<xref linkend="ch-config-locale" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-locale"/>。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/run/dbus:/usr/bin/false
uuidd:x:80:80:UUID Generation Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
nobody:x:65534:65534:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Leaving <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> on the current LFS partition will also work, but configuration for multiple systems is more difficult.
直接使用 LFS 分区也是可以的，但这样在配置多系统启动时比较麻烦。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libffi — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-static \
--with-gcc-arch=native</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr --disable-static --with-gcc-arch=native</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--bindir=/usr/bin \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--runstatedir=/run \
--sbindir=/usr/sbin \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-static \
--without-python \
--without-systemd \
--without-systemdsystemunitdir \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-static \
--without-python \
--without-systemd \
--without-systemdsystemunitdir</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_ninja — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If desired, make <command>ninja</command> recognize the environment variable NINJAJOBS by running the stream editor:
如果您希望 Ninja 能够使用环境变量 NINJAJOBS，执行以下命令，添加这一功能：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--enable-elf-shlibs \
--disable-libblkid \
--disable-libuuid \
--disable-uuidd \
--disable-fsck</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--bindir=/bin \
--with-root-prefix="" \
--enable-elf-shlibs \
--disable-libblkid \
--disable-libuuid \
--disable-uuidd \
--disable-fsck</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_binutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--enable-gold \
--enable-ld=default \
--enable-plugins \
--enable-shared \
--disable-werror \
--enable-64-bit-bfd \
--with-system-zlib</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-gold \
--enable-ld=default \
--enable-plugins \
--enable-shared \
--disable-werror \
--enable-64-bit-bfd \
--with-system-zlib</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
cd build

meson setup \
--prefix=/usr \
--buildtype=release \
-Ddefault-dnssec=no \
-Dfirstboot=false \
-Dinstall-tests=false \
-Dldconfig=false \
-Dsysusers=false \
-Drpmmacrosdir=no \
-Dhomed=false \
-Duserdb=false \
-Dman=false \
-Dmode=release \
-Dpamconfdir=no \
-Ddev-kvm-mode=0660 \
-Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
..</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">mkdir -p build
cd build

LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
meson --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--localstatedir=/var \
-Dblkid=true \
-Dbuildtype=release \
-Ddefault-dnssec=no \
-Dfirstboot=false \
-Dinstall-tests=false \
-Dkmod-path=/bin/kmod \
-Dldconfig=false \
-Dmount-path=/bin/mount \
-Drootprefix= \
-Drootlibdir=/lib \
-Dsplit-usr=true \
-Dsulogin-path=/sbin/sulogin \
-Dsysusers=false \
-Dumount-path=/bin/umount \
-Db_lto=false \
-Drpmmacrosdir=no \
-Dhomed=false \
-Duserdb=false \
-Dman=true \
-Ddocdir=/usr/share/doc/systemd-&systemd-version; \
..</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_shadow — English
Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the much more secure <emphasis>YESCRYPT</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. And, remove <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> and <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> from the <envar>PATH</envar>, since they are simply symlinks to their counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>.
Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the much more secure <emphasis>YESCRYPT</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. And, remove <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> and <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> from the <envar>PATH</envar>, since they are simply symlinks to their counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>.
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the much more secure <emphasis>YESCRYPT</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. And, remove <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> and <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> from the <envar>PATH</envar>, since they are simply symlinks to their counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>.
不使用默认的 <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> 加密方法，使用更安全的 <emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> 方法加密密码，该方法也允许长度超过 8 个字符的密码。另外，还需要把过时的用户邮箱位置 <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> 改为当前普遍使用的 <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename> 目录：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_introductiond — English
<xref linkend="ch-config-inputrc" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-inputrc" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_introductiond — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<xref linkend="ch-config-inputrc" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-inputrc"/>。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_libstdc__ — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
cd build</userinput>
<userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build
cd build</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/part3intro_generalinstructions — English
Here is a synopsis of the build process.
Here is a synopsis of the build process.
Linux From Scratch 12.0/part3intro_generalinstructions — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Here is a synopsis of the build process.
再次强调构建过程：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--runstatedir=/run \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-static \
--without-python</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-static \
--without-python</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/run/dbus:/usr/bin/false
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:73:systemd Journal Gateway:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:74:systemd Journal Remote:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:75:systemd Journal Upload:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-network:x:76:76:systemd Network Management:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:77:77:systemd Resolver:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-timesync:x:78:78:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/usr/bin/false
systemd-coredump:x:79:79:systemd Core Dumper:/:/usr/bin/false
uuidd:x:80:80:UUID Generation Daemon User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false
systemd-oom:x:81:81:systemd Out Of Memory Daemon:/:/usr/bin/false
nobody:x:65534:65534:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/usr/bin/false</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/passwd &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/dev/null:/bin/false
daemon:x:6:6:Daemon User:/dev/null:/bin/false
messagebus:x:18:18:D-Bus Message Daemon User:/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:72:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/bin/false
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:73:systemd Journal Gateway:/:/bin/false
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:74:systemd Journal Remote:/:/bin/false
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:75:systemd Journal Upload:/:/bin/false
systemd-network:x:76:76:systemd Network Management:/:/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:77:77:systemd Resolver:/:/bin/false
systemd-timesync:x:78:78:systemd Time Synchronization:/:/bin/false
systemd-coredump:x:79:79:systemd Core Dumper:/:/bin/false
nobody:x:99:99:Unprivileged User:/dev/null:/bin/false</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_kernfs — English
<userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
else
mount -t tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm
fi</userinput>
<userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
else
mount -t tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm
fi</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
else
mount -t tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm
fi</userinput>
<userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then
mkdir -pv $LFS/$(readlink $LFS/dev/shm)
fi</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--bindir=/usr/bin \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--runstatedir=/run \
--sbindir=/usr/sbin \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-static \
--without-python \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-static \
--without-python</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_tcl — English
<userinput remap="configure">SRCDIR=$(pwd)
cd unix
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">SRCDIR=$(pwd)
cd unix
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">SRCDIR=$(pwd)
cd unix
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">SRCDIR=$(pwd)
cd unix
./configure --prefix=/usr \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
$([ "$(uname -m)" = x86_64 ] &amp;&amp; echo --enable-64bit)</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_dbus — English
These cause the PID file and the system bus socket to be in <filename class="directory">/run</filename>, instead of the deprecated <filename class="directory">/var/run</filename>.
These cause the PID file and the system bus socket to be in <filename class="directory">/run</filename>, instead of the deprecated <filename class="directory">/var/run</filename>.
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_dbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
These cause the PID file and the system bus socket to be in <filename class="directory">/run</filename>, instead of the deprecated <filename class="directory">/var/run</filename>.
需要将共享库移动到 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename>，因此 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> 中的 <filename class="extension">.so</filename> 符号链接需要重新建立：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_zlib — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
To test the results, issue:
运行以下命令以测试编译结果
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_less — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This option tells the programs created by the package to look in <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> for the configuration files.
该选项告诉该软件包创建的程序在 <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> 查找配置文件
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_acl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The Acl tests must be run on a filesystem that supports access controls, but not until the <application>Coreutils</application> package has been built, using the <application>Acl</application> libraries. If desired, return to this package and run <command>make check</command> after the <application>Coreutils</application> package has been built.
Acl 的测试套件必须在构建了链接到 Acl 库的 <application>Coreutils</application> 后才能在支持访问控制的文件系统上运行。如果想运行它们，可以稍后返回这里，执行 <command>make check</command>，前提是本章中的 <application>Coreutils</application> 已经构建完成。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_tar — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This forces the test for <function>mknod</function> to be run as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>. It is generally considered dangerous to run this test as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user, but as it is being run on a system that has only been partially built, overriding it is OK.
该选项强制以 root 用户身份运行 <function>mknod</function> 测试。一般认为以 root 用户身份运行该测试是危险的，不过由于是在仅仅部分构建好的系统上运行测试，可以覆盖掉这个安全措施。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_typography — English
<userinput>cat &gt; $LFS/etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
......</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; $LFS/etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:
......</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inittab &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/inittab

id:3:initdefault:

si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S

l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6

ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

su:S06:once:/sbin/sulogin
s1:1:respawn:/sbin/sulogin

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600

# End /etc/inittab</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inittab &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/inittab

id:3:initdefault:

si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S

l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6

ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600

# End /etc/inittab</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — English
In order for the SBU values listed in the rest of the book to be of any use, measure the time it takes to build this package from the configuration, up to and including the first install. To achieve this easily, wrap the commands in a <command>time</command> command like this: <userinput>time { ../configure ... &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install; }</userinput>.
In order for the SBU values listed in the rest of the book to be of any use, measure the time it takes to build this package from the configuration, up to and including the first install. To achieve this easily, wrap the commands in a <command>time</command> command like this: <userinput>time { ../configure ... &amp;&amp; make &amp;&amp; make install; }</userinput>.
Linux From Scratch 12.0/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — English
As an example, let us imagine the following scenario (sometimes referred to as <quote>Canadian Cross</quote>). We have a compiler on a slow machine only, let's call it machine A, and the compiler ccA. We also have a fast machine (B), but no compiler for (B), and we want to produce code for a third, slow machine (C). We will build a compiler for machine C in three stages.
As an example, let us imagine the following scenario (sometimes referred to as <quote>Canadian Cross</quote>). We have a compiler on a slow machine only, let's call it machine A, and the compiler ccA. We also have a fast machine (B), but no compiler for (B), and we want to produce code for a third, slow machine (C). We will build a compiler for machine C in three stages.
Linux From Scratch 12.0/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
As an example, let us imagine the following scenario (sometimes referred to as <quote>Canadian Cross</quote>). We have a compiler on a slow machine only, let's call it machine A, and the compiler ccA. We also have a fast machine (B), but no compiler for (B), and we want to produce code for a third, slow machine (C). We will build a compiler for machine C in three stages.
例如，我们考虑下列场景 (有时称为<quote>Canadian Cross</quote>)：我们仅在一台运行缓慢的机器上有编译器，称这台机器为 A，这个编译器为 ccA。我们还有一台运行较快的机器 (B)，但它没有安装编译器，而我们希望为另一台缓慢的机器 (C) 生成代码。如果要为 C 构建编译器，可以通过三个阶段完成：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
LD=ld \
--enable-languages=c,c++ \
--enable-default-pie \
--enable-default-ssp \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-bootstrap \
--disable-fixincludes \
--with-system-zlib</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \
LD=ld \
--enable-languages=c,c++ \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-bootstrap \
--with-system-zlib</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--with-xz</parameter>, <parameter>--with-zlib</parameter>, and <parameter>--with-zstd</parameter>
<parameter>--with-xz, --with-zlib</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_make — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make check"</userinput>
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD YESCRYPT:' \
-e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \
-e '/PATH=/{s@/sbin:@@;s@/bin:@@}' \
-i etc/login.defs</userinput>
<userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512:' \
-e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \
-i etc/login.defs</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_introductiond — English
<xref linkend="ch-config-systemd-custom" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-systemd-custom" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_introductiond — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<xref linkend="ch-config-systemd-custom" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-systemd-custom"/>。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_binutils-pass2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--build=$(../config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--enable-shared \
--enable-gprofng=no \
--disable-werror \
--enable-64-bit-bfd</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure \
--prefix=/usr \
--build=$(../config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--enable-shared \
--disable-werror \
--enable-64-bit-bfd</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_ncurses — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./config.guess) \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-manpage-format=normal \
--with-shared \
--without-normal \
--with-cxx-shared \
--without-debug \
--without-ada \
--disable-stripping \
--enable-widec</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--build=$(./config.guess) \
--mandir=/usr/share/man \
--with-manpage-format=normal \
--with-shared \
--without-debug \
--without-ada \
--without-normal \
--enable-widec</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_linux-headers — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="make">make headers
find usr/include -type f ! -name '*.h' -delete
</userinput><userinput remap="install">cp -rv usr/include $LFS/usr</userinput>
<userinput remap="make">make headers
find usr/include -name '.*' -delete
rm usr/include/Makefile
</userinput><userinput remap="install">cp -rv usr/include $LFS/usr</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter02_creatingpartition — English
If the <emphasis>boot disk</emphasis> has been partitioned with a GUID Partition Table (GPT), then a small, typically 1 MB, partition must be created if it does not already exist. This partition is not formatted, but must be available for GRUB to use during installation of the boot loader. This partition will normally be labeled 'BIOS Boot' if using <command>fdisk</command> or have a code of <emphasis>EF02</emphasis> if using the <command>gdisk</command> command.
If the <emphasis>boot disk</emphasis> has been partitioned with a GUID Partition Table (GPT), then a small, typically 1 MB, partition must be created if it does not already exist. This partition is not formatted, but must be available for GRUB to use during installation of the boot loader. This partition will normally be labeled 'BIOS Boot' if using <command>fdisk</command> or have a code of <emphasis>EF02</emphasis> if using the <command>gdisk</command> command.
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If the <emphasis>boot disk</emphasis> has been partitioned with a GUID Partition Table (GPT), then a small, typically 1 MB, partition must be created if it does not already exist. This partition is not formatted, but must be available for GRUB to use during installation of the boot loader. This partition will normally be labeled 'BIOS Boot' if using <command>fdisk</command> or have a code of <emphasis>EF02</emphasis> if using the <command>gdisk</command> command.
如果 <emphasis>启动磁盘</emphasis> 采用 GUID 分区表 (GPT)，那么必须创建一个小的，一般占据 1MB 的分区，除非它已经存在。这个分区不能格式化，在安装启动引导器时必须能够被 GRUB 发现。这个分区在 <command>fdisk</command> 下显示为 'BIOS Boot' 分区，在 <command>gdisk</command> 下显示分区类型代号为 <emphasis>EF02</emphasis>。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_texinfo — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-texinfo" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-texinfo" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_texinfo — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-texinfo" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-texinfo"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_mpc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package and its documentation:
安装该软件包
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_readline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The meaning of the new configure option:
配置选项的含义
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This switch enables linking against the system version of <filename class='libraryfile'>libffi.so</filename>.
该选项允许链接到系统已经安装的 <application>libffi</application>。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
As a convenience, the <command>rc</command> script reads a library of functions in <filename class="directory">/lib/lsb/init-functions</filename>. This library also reads an optional configuration file, <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>. Any of the system configuration parameters described in subsequent sections can be placed in this file, allowing consolidation of all system parameters in this one file.
为了方便起见，<command>rc</command> 脚本从 <filename class="directory">/lib/lsb/init-functions</filename> 中读取脚本函数库。该函数库又会读取一个可选的配置文件，<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>。如果您希望将所有系统参数集中到一个文件中，可以将以下各节描述的系统配置文件参数都写入这一个文件，
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_findutils — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-findutils" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-findutils" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_findutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-findutils" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-findutils"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_sed — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-sed" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-sed" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_sed — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-sed" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-sed"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_patch — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-patch" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-patch" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_patch — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-patch" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-patch"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_m4 — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-m4" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-m4" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_m4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-m4" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-m4"/>找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_gzip — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-gzip" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-gzip" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_gzip — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-gzip" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-gzip"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_tar — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-tar" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-tar" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_tar — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-tar" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-tar"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_grep — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-grep" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-grep" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_grep — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-grep" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-grep"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_diffutils — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-diffutils" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-diffutils" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_diffutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-diffutils" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-diffutils"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter11_reboot — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Now that we have said that, let's move on to booting our shiny new LFS installation for the first time! <emphasis>First exit from the chroot environment</emphasis>:
现在，正如我们之前保证的，您可以引导全新的 LFS 系统了！首先退出 chroot 环境：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=$LFS/tools \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--enable-gprofng=no \
--disable-werror</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=$LFS/tools \
--with-sysroot=$LFS \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
--disable-nls \
--disable-werror</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter02_hostreqs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The reason for the kernel version requirement is that we specify that version when building <application>glibc</application> in <xref linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> and <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>, so the workarounds for older kernels are not enabled and the compiled <application>glibc</application> is slightly faster and smaller. As at June 2023, &min-kernel; is the oldest kernel release still supported by the kernel developers.
内核版本的要求是为了符合第 6 章中编译 <application>glibc</application> 时开发者推荐的配置选项。udev 也要求一定的内核版本。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
uuidd:x:80:
wheel:x:97:
users:x:999:
nogroup:x:65534:</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
wheel:x:97:
nogroup:x:99:
users:x:999:</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-efiemu \
--disable-werror</userinput>
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--sbindir=/sbin \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-efiemu \
--disable-werror</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gawk — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester .
su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make check"</userinput>
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_libstdc__ — English
<parameter>--host=...</parameter>
<parameter>--host=...</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_libstdc__ — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>--host=...</parameter>
<parameter>--host=...</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter02_hostreqs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If the host kernel is earlier than &min-kernel; you will need to replace the kernel with a more up-to-date version. There are two ways you can go about this. First, see if your Linux vendor provides a &min-kernel; or later kernel package. If so, you may wish to install it. If your vendor doesn't offer an acceptable kernel package, or you would prefer not to install it, you can compile a kernel yourself. Instructions for compiling the kernel and configuring the boot loader (assuming the host uses GRUB) are located in <xref linkend="chapter-bootable"/>.
如果宿主内核比 &min-kernel; 更早，您需要将内核升级到较新的版本。升级内核有两种方法，如果您的发行版供应商提供了 &min-kernel; 或更新的内核软件包，您可以直接安装它。如果供应商没有提供一个足够新的内核包，或者您不想安装它，您可以自己编译内核。编译内核和配置启动引导器 (假设宿主使用 GRUB) 的步骤在<xref linkend="chapter-bootable"/>中。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
systemd-journal:x:23:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:
systemd-network:x:76:
systemd-resolve:x:77:
systemd-timesync:x:78:
systemd-coredump:x:79:
uuidd:x:80:
systemd-oom:x:81:
wheel:x:97:
users:x:999:
nogroup:x:65534:</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/group &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>root:x:0:
bin:x:1:daemon
sys:x:2:
kmem:x:3:
tape:x:4:
tty:x:5:
daemon:x:6:
floppy:x:7:
disk:x:8:
lp:x:9:
dialout:x:10:
audio:x:11:
video:x:12:
utmp:x:13:
usb:x:14:
cdrom:x:15:
adm:x:16:
messagebus:x:18:
systemd-journal:x:23:
input:x:24:
mail:x:34:
kvm:x:61:
systemd-bus-proxy:x:72:
systemd-journal-gateway:x:73:
systemd-journal-remote:x:74:
systemd-journal-upload:x:75:
systemd-network:x:76:
systemd-resolve:x:77:
systemd-timesync:x:78:
systemd-coredump:x:79:
wheel:x:97:
nogroup:x:99:
users:x:999:</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If the system has been booted using UEFI, <command>grub-install</command> will try to install files for the <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> target, but those files have not been installed in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>. If this is the case, add <option>--target i386-pc</option> to the command above.
如果系统是使用 UEFI 引导的，<command>grub-install</command> 会试图为 <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> 目标安装文件，但它们并未在第 6 章中安装。如果出现了这类问题，请在以上命令中添加 <option>--target i386-pc</option> 选项。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter04_addinguser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In some host systems, the following <command>su</command> command does not complete properly and suspends the login for the &lfs-user; user to the background. If the prompt "lfs:~$" does not appear immediately, entering the <command>fg</command> command will fix the issue.
在某些宿主系统上，下面的命令不会正确完成，而会将 lfs 用户的登录会话挂起到后台。如果提示符 “lfs:~$” 没有很快出现，输入 <command>fg</command> 命令以修复这个问题。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_flex — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
A few programs do not know about <command>flex</command> yet and try to run its predecessor, <command>lex</command>. To support those programs, create a symbolic link named <filename>lex</filename> that runs <filename>flex</filename> in <command>lex</command> emulation mode, and also create the man page of <command>lex</command> as a symlink:
个别程序还不知道 <command>flex</command>，并试图去运行它的前身 <command>lex</command>。为了支持这些程序，创建一个名为 <filename>lex</filename> 的符号链接，它运行 <filename>flex</filename> 并启动其模拟 <command>lex</command> 的模式：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_iproute2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="install">mkdir -pv /usr/share/doc/iproute2-&iproute2-version;
cp -v COPYING README* /usr/share/doc/iproute2-&iproute2-version;</userinput>
<userinput remap="install">make DOCDIR=/usr/share/doc/iproute2-&iproute2-version; install</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_man-db — English
<parameter>--with-...</parameter>
<parameter>--with-...</parameter>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_xz — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-xz" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-xz" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_xz — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-xz" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-xz"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_gawk — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-gawk" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-gawk" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_gawk — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-gawk" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-gawk"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter01_askforhelp — English
Both the screen output and the contents of various files are useful in determining the cause of compilation problems. The screen output from the <command>configure</command> script and the <command>make</command> run can be helpful. It is not necessary to include the entire output, but do include all of the relevant information. Here is an example of the type of information to include from the <command>make</command> screen output.
Both the screen output and the contents of various files are useful in determining the cause of compilation problems. The screen output from the <command>configure</command> script and the <command>make</command> run can be helpful. It is not necessary to include the entire output, but do include all of the relevant information. Here is an example of the type of information to include from the <command>make</command> screen output.
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter01_askforhelp — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Both the screen output and the contents of various files are useful in determining the cause of compilation problems. The screen output from the <command>configure</command> script and the <command>make</command> run can be helpful. It is not necessary to include the entire output, but do include all of the relevant information. Here is an example of the type of information to include from the <command>make</command> screen output.
屏幕上的输出和一些文件的内容对于确认编译错误的原因都很有用。屏幕输出来自于 <command>configure</command> 脚本和 <command>make</command> 命令。您不用附带所有输出内容，只要包含足够相关信息即可。例如，下面是从 <command>make</command> 的屏幕输出中截取的一段：
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_perl — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-perl" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-perl" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-perl" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-perl"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The created groups are not part of any standard&mdash;they are groups decided on in part by the requirements of the Udev configuration in Chapter 9, and in part by common conventions employed by a number of existing Linux distributions. In addition, some test suites rely on specific users or groups. The Linux Standard Base (LSB, available at <ulink url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/lsb.shtml"/>) only recommends that, besides the group <systemitem class="groupname">root</systemitem> with a Group ID (GID) of 0, a group <systemitem class="groupname">bin</systemitem> with a GID of 1 be present. The GID of 5 is widely used for the <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group, and the number 5 is also used in <phrase revision="systemd">systemd</phrase> <phrase revision="sysv"><filename>/etc/fstab</filename></phrase> for the <systemitem class="filesystem">devpts</systemitem> filesystem. All other group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator since well-written programs do not depend on GID numbers, but rather use the group's name.
这里创建的用户组并不属于任何标准 —— 它们一部分是为了满足第 9 章中 Udev 配置的需要，另一部分借鉴了一些 Linux 发行版的通用惯例。另外，某些测试套件需要特定的用户或组。Linux Standard Base (LSB，可以在 <ulink url="http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/lsb.shtml"/> 查看) 标准只推荐以组 ID 0 创建用户组 <systemitem class="groupname">root</systemitem>，以及以组 ID 1 创建用户组 <systemitem class="groupname">bin</systemitem>，其他组名和组 ID 由系统管理员自由分配，因为好的程序不会依赖组 ID 数字，而是使用组名。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_bison — English
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-bison" role="."/>
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-bison" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_bison — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-bison" role="."/>
该软件包的详细信息可以在<xref linkend="contents-bison"/>中找到。
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gmp — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This variable specifies the correct place for the documentation.
该变量指定文档的正确位置