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chapter08_groff 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
index CC-BY-NC-2.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chapter08_file 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chapter08_libcap 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chapter07_cleanup 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chapter08_iana-etc 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chapter10_kernel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chapter08_libffi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chapter08_util-linux 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
chapter08_perl 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
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Overview

Project website www.linuxfromscratch.org
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Source code repository git@git.linuxfromscratch.org:fr-lfs
Repository branch 12.0
Last remote commit Add Portuguese (Brazil) BLFS 5a031b636f
Julien Lepiller authored a month ago
Last commit in Weblate Translated using Weblate (Portuguese (Brazil)) 94eb915650
User avatar jamenson authored 8 months ago
Weblate repository https://translate.linuxfromscratch.org/git/linux-from-scratch-12-0/index/
File mask lfs/*/chapter07/createfiles.po
Translation file Not available
Last change None
Last author None
yesterday

String statistics

Strings percent Hosted strings Words percent Hosted words Characters percent Hosted characters
Total 29 690 6,730
Translated 100% 29 100% 690 100% 6,730
Needs editing 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Read-only 100% 29 100% 690 100% 6,730
Failing checks 3% 1 1% 11 1% 132
Strings with suggestions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Untranslated strings 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
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User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
The <filename>/run/utmp</filename> file records the users that are currently logged in. This file is created dynamically in the boot scripts.
8 months ago
User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
The <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file records all logins and logouts. The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file records when each user last logged in. The <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> file records failed login attempts. The <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> file records the bad login attempts.
8 months ago
User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
<userinput>touch /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,faillog,wtmp}
chgrp -v utmp /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 664 /var/log/lastlog
chmod -v 600 /var/log/btmp</userinput>
8 months ago
User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
The <command>login</command>, <command>agetty</command>, and <command>init</command> programs (and others) use a number of log files to record information such as who was logged into the system and when. However, these programs will not write to the log files if they do not already exist. Initialize the log files and give them proper permissions:
8 months ago
User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
<userinput>exec /usr/bin/bash --login</userinput>
8 months ago
User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
To remove the <quote>I have no name!</quote> prompt, start a new shell. Since the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename> files have been created, user name and group name resolution will now work:
8 months ago
User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
<userinput>echo "tester:x:101:101::/home/tester:/bin/bash" &gt;&gt; /etc/passwd
echo "tester:x:101:" &gt;&gt; /etc/group
install -o tester -d /home/tester</userinput>
8 months ago
User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
Some tests in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/> need a regular user. We add this user here and delete this account at the end of that chapter.
8 months ago
User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
The ID 65534 is used by the kernel for NFS and separate user namespaces for unmapped users and groups (those exist on the NFS server or the parent user namespace, but <quote>do not exist</quote> on the local machine or in the separate namespace). We assign <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> and <systemitem class="groupname">nogroup</systemitem> to avoid an unnamed ID. But other distros may treat this ID differently, so any portable program should not depend on this assignment.
8 months ago
User avatar None

Source string added

  1. Linux From Scratch 12.0
  2. chapter07_createfiles
  3. English
The created groups are not part of any standard&mdash;they are groups decided on in part by the requirements of the Udev configuration in Chapter 9, and in part by common conventions employed by a number of existing Linux distributions. In addition, some test suites rely on specific users or groups. The Linux Standard Base (LSB, available at <ulink url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/lsb.shtml"/>) only recommends that, besides the group <systemitem class="groupname">root</systemitem> with a Group ID (GID) of 0, a group <systemitem class="groupname">bin</systemitem> with a GID of 1 be present. The GID of 5 is widely used for the <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group, and the number 5 is also used in <phrase revision="systemd">systemd</phrase> <phrase revision="sysv"><filename>/etc/fstab</filename></phrase> for the <systemitem class="filesystem">devpts</systemitem> filesystem. All other group names and GIDs can be chosen freely by the system administrator since well-written programs do not depend on GID numbers, but rather use the group's name.
8 months ago
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