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189 7,135 50,219
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189 7,135 50,219
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Project website www.linuxfromscratch.org
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Source code repository git@git.linuxfromscratch.org:fr-lfs
Repository branch trunk
Last remote commit Automatic BLFS commit based on ea511400c9ad6f1baca13debd05f2b10ac984059 e362137d3e
Julien Lepiller authored 4 hours ago
Last commit in Weblate Automatic BLFS commit based on ea511400c9ad6f1baca13debd05f2b10ac984059 e362137d3e
Julien Lepiller authored 4 hours ago
Weblate repository https://translate.linuxfromscratch.org/git/faq/faq/
File mask blfs/*/introduction/important/building-notes.po
Translation file Not available
Last change Oct. 27, 2024, 4:19 a.m.
Last author None
yesterday

String statistics

Strings percent Hosted strings Words percent Hosted words Characters percent Hosted characters
Total 189 7,135 50,219
Translated 100% 189 100% 7,135 100% 50,219
Needs editing 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Read-only 100% 189 100% 7,135 100% 50,219
Failing checks 1% 1 2% 186 2% 1,220
Strings with suggestions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Untranslated strings 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
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User avatar None

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With <phrase revision='systemd'> <parameter>MemoryHigh=8G</parameter>, </phrase> <phrase revision='sysv'> <literal>8589934592</literal> (the output of <userinput>bc -e '8*2^30'</userinput>, 2^30 represents 2<superscript>30</superscript>, i.e. a Gigabyte) in the <filename>memory.high</filename> entry, </phrase> a soft limit of memory usage is set. If the processes in the cgroup (<command>make</command> and all the descendants of it) uses more than 8 GB of system memory in total, the kernel will throttle down the processes and try to reclaim the system memory from them. But they can still use more than 8 GB of system memory. If you want to make a hard limit instead, replace <phrase revision='systemd'> <parameter>MemoryHigh</parameter> with <parameter>MemoryMax</parameter>. </phrase> <phrase revision='sysv'> <filename>memory.high</filename> with <filename>memory.max</filename>. </phrase> But doing so will cause the processes killed if 8 GB is not enough for them.
3 weeks ago
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In the past, there was Hardened LFS where gcc (a much older version) was forced to use hardening (with options to turn some of it off on a per-package basis). The current LFS and BLFS books are carrying forward a part of its spirit by enabling PIE (<option>-fPIE -pie</option>) and SSP (<option>-fstack-protector-strong</option>) as the defaults for GCC and clang. And, the linkers (<command>ld.bfd</command> and <command>ld.gold</command>) have also enabled <option>-Wl,-z,relro</option> which makes a part of the Global Offset Table (GOT) immutable, by default since Binutils 2.27. What is being covered here is different - first you have to make sure that the package is indeed using your added flags and not over-riding them.
2 months ago
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You may also encounter the so-called <quote>userspace retpoline</quote> (<option>-mindirect-branch=thunk</option> etc.) which is the equivalent of the spectre mitigations applied to the linux kernel in late 2018. The kernel mitigations caused a lot of complaints about lost performance, if you have a production server you might wish to consider testing that, along with the other available options, to see if performance is still sufficient.
2 months ago
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In GCC 14, the option <option>-fhardened</option> is a shorthand to enable all the hardening options mentioned above. It sets <option>-D _FORTIFY_SOURCE=3</option> instead of <option>-D _FORTIFY_SOURCE=2</option>.
2 months ago
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<option>-fcf-protection=full</option>: utilizes Intel and AMD CET technology to limit the target addresses of control-flow transfer instructions. To make it really effective for a package, all packages providing a shared library for the package to use must be built with this option, as well as that package itself, Glibc must be configured with the <option>--enable-cet</option> option enabled, and the system must run on Intel Tiger Lake or newer, or AMD Zen 3 or newer. If the criteria is not met the program compiled with this option will still run, but not really protected by CET.
2 months ago
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<option>-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero</option>: initializes some variables by filling zero bytes if they are not initialized by other means.
2 months ago
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<option>-fstack-clash-protection</option>: prevents the attacker from using an offset large enough and not adequately checked to jump over the stack guard page placed by the kernel and the stack canary placed by <option>-fstack-protector=strong</option>, and modify the stack from a heap address, or vice versa.
2 months ago
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<option>-Wl,-z,now</option>: disables lazy binding to enhance <option>-Wl,-z,relro</option>, so the <emphasis>entire</emphasis> GOT can be made immutable.
2 months ago
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The main distros use much more, such as:
2 months ago
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<phrase revision='systemd'> <parameter>AllowedCPUs=0-3</parameter> </phrase> <phrase revision='sysv'> <literal>0-3</literal> in the <filename>cpuset.cpus</filename> entry </phrase> makes the kernel only run the processes in the cgroup on the logical cores with numbers 0, 1, 2, or 3. You may need to adjust this setting based the mapping between the logical cores and the physical cores. For example, with an Intel Core i9-13900K CPU, the logical cores 0, 2, 4, ..., 14 are mapped to the first threads of the eight physical P cores, the logical cores 1, 3, 5, ..., 15 are mapped to the second threads of the physical P cores, and the logical cores 16, 17, ..., 31 are mapped to the 16 physical E cores. So if we want to use four threads from four different P cores, we need to specify <literal>0,2,4,6</literal> instead of <literal>0-3</literal>. Note that the other CPU models may use a different mapping scheme. If you are not sure about the mapping between the logical cores and the physical cores, run the <command>lscpu --extended</command> command which will output logical core IDs in the <computeroutput>CPU</computeroutput> column, and physical core IDs in the <computeroutput>CORE</computeroutput> column.
2 months ago
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