16 strings / 845 words

Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
usage
usage
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
SysVinit (which will be referred to as <quote>init</quote> from now on) uses a run levels scheme. There are seven run levels, numbered 0 to 6. (Actually, there are more run levels, but the others are for special cases and are generally not used. See <ulink role='man' url='&man;init.8'>init(8)</ulink> for more details.) Each one of the seven corresponds to actions the computer is supposed to perform when it starts up or shuts down. The default run level is 3. Here are the descriptions of the different run levels as they are implemented in LFS:
SysVinit (之后简称为<quote>init</quote>) 使用运行级别架构工作。有七个 (编号为 0 到 6) 运行级别 (实际上还有更多，但它们用于一些特殊情况，一般并不使用。参阅 <filename>init(8)</filename> 了解更多细节)，每个都对应于计算机在启动时应该进行的一组操作。默认运行级别是 3，下面是不同运行级别的描述：
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — English
Classically, run level 2 above was defined as <quote>multi-user mode without networking,</quote> but this was only the case many years ago when multiple users could connect to a system via serial ports. In today's environment it makes no sense, and we now say it is <quote>reserved.</quote>
Classically, run level 2 above was defined as <quote>multi-user mode without networking,</quote> but this was only the case many years ago when multiple users could connect to a system via serial ports. In today's environment it makes no sense, and we now say it is <quote>reserved.</quote>
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inittab &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/inittab

id:3:initdefault:

si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S

l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6

ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

su:S06:once:/sbin/sulogin
s1:1:respawn:/sbin/sulogin

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600

# End /etc/inittab</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inittab &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/inittab

id:3:initdefault:

si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S

l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6

ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now

su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin

1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600

# End /etc/inittab</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
As a convenience, the <command>rc</command> script reads a library of functions in <filename class="directory">/lib/lsb/init-functions</filename>. This library also reads an optional configuration file, <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>. Any of the system configuration parameters described in subsequent sections can be placed in this file, allowing consolidation of all system parameters in this one file.
为了方便起见，<command>rc</command> 脚本从 <filename class="directory">/lib/lsb/init-functions</filename> 中读取脚本函数库。该函数库又会读取一个可选的配置文件，<filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename>。如果您希望将所有系统参数集中到一个文件中，可以将以下各节描述的系统配置文件参数都写入这一个文件，
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
For information on kernel module loading and udev, see <xref linkend="module-loading" role='.'/>
参阅<xref linkend="module-loading"/>了解更多关于模块加载和 udev 的信息。
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <command>console</command> script reads the <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file for configuration information. Decide which keymap and screen font will be used. Various language-specific HOWTOs can also help with this; see <ulink url="https://tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>. If still in doubt, look in the <filename class="directory">/usr/share/keymaps</filename> and <filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename> directories for valid keymaps and screen fonts. Read the <ulink role='man' url='&man;loadkeys.1'>loadkeys(1)</ulink> and <ulink role='man' url='&man;setfont.8'>setfont(8)</ulink> manual pages to determine the correct arguments for these programs.
<command>console</command> 脚本读取 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> 中的配置信息。它根据配置决定使用何种键映射和控制台字体。一些与特定语言相关的 HOWTO 文档可以帮助您进行配置，参阅 <ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/other-lang.html"/>。如果仍然有疑问，在<filename class="directory">/usr/share/keymaps</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/usr/share/consolefonts</filename> 中寻找可用的键映射和控制台字体，并阅读 <filename>loadkeys(1)</filename> 和 <filename>setfont(8)</filename> man 页面，以确认应该传递给这两个程序的正确参数。
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> file should contain lines of the form: <envar>VARIABLE=value</envar>. The following variables are recognized:
<filename>/etc/sysconfig/console</filename> 文件应该包含若干行，每一行的的格式都是：变量名="值"。下列变量名会被识别：
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This variable specifies the log level for kernel messages sent to the console as set by <command>dmesg -n</command>. Valid levels are from <literal>1</literal> (no messages) to <literal>8</literal>. The default level is <literal>7</literal>, which is quite verbose.
该变量指定被发送到控制台的内核消息日志级别，正如使用 <command>dmesg</command> 设置的那样。有效的级别是“1” (不输出内核消息) 到“8”之间的某个数。默认的日志级别是“7”。
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This variable specifies the arguments for the <command>loadkeys</command> program, typically, the name of the keymap to load, e.g., <literal>it</literal>. If this variable is not set, the bootscript will not run the <command>loadkeys</command> program, and the default kernel keymap will be used. Note that a few keymaps have multiple versions with the same name (cz and its variants in qwerty/ and qwertz/, es in olpc/ and qwerty/, and trf in fgGIod/ and qwerty/). In these cases the parent directory should also be specified (e.g. qwerty/es) to ensure the proper keymap is loaded.
该变量指定传递给 <command>loadkeys</command> 程序的参数，它通常是需要加载的键映射名，例如<quote>it</quote>。如果这个变量没有设定，引导脚本不会运行 <command>loadkeys</command>，系统将使用内核的默认键映射。注意某些键映射有文件名相同的不同版本 (例如 cz 的和它的变体在 qwerty/ 和 qwertz/ 中，es 在 olpc/ 和 qwerty/ 中，以及 trf 在 fgGIod/ 和 qwerty/ 中)。在这种情况下，父目录名也要指定 (例如 qwerty/es)，以保证加载正确的键映射。
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This (rarely used) variable specifies the arguments for the second call to the <command>loadkeys</command> program. This is useful if the stock keymap is not completely satisfactory and a small adjustment has to be made. E.g., to include the Euro sign into a keymap that normally doesn't have it, set this variable to <literal>euro2</literal>.
这个 (很少使用的) 变量指定第二次调用 <command>loadkeys</command> 程序时使用的参数。如果现有的键映射不完全符合要求，需要进行微调，这个变量是很有用的。例如，如果需要为通常不包含欧元符号的键映射添加它，将这个变量设为<quote>euro2</quote>。
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This variable specifies the arguments for the <command>setfont</command> program. Typically, this includes the font name, <literal>-m</literal>, and the name of the application character map to load. E.g., in order to load the <quote>lat1-16</quote> font together with the <quote>8859-1</quote> application character map (appropriate in the USA), set this variable to <literal>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</literal>. In UTF-8 mode, the kernel uses the application character map to convert 8-bit key codes to UTF-8. Therefore the argument of the "-m" parameter should be set to the encoding of the composed key codes in the keymap.
该变量指定传递给 <command>setfont</command> 程序的参数。通常它包含字体名，<quote>-m</quote>，以及需要加载的应用程序字符映射名。例如，为了加载 <quote>lat1-16</quote>字体和<quote>8859-1</quote>应用程序字符映射 (这适用于美国)，可以将该变量设置为<quote>lat1-16 -m 8859-1</quote>。在 UTF-8 模式下，内核使用应用程序字符映射将键映射中编组的 8 位键码转化为 UTF-8，因此 “-m” 参数的值应该被设定为键映射中编组的键码编码。
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Set this variable to <literal>1</literal>, <literal>yes</literal>, or <literal>true</literal> in order to put the console into UTF-8 mode. This is useful in UTF-8 based locales and harmful otherwise.
将该变量设为<quote>1</quote>，<quote>yes</quote>，或者<quote>true</quote>，可以将控制台设置于 UTF-8 模式。这对于基于 UTF-8 的 locale 很有用，但对于其他 locale 有害。
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console

UNICODE="1"
FONT="Lat2-Terminus16"

# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/sysconfig/console &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/sysconfig/console

UNICODE="1"
KEYMAP="bg_bds-utf8"
FONT="cyr-sun16"

# End /etc/sysconfig/console</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Some keymaps have dead keys (i.e., keys that don't produce a character by themselves, but put an accent on the character produced by the next key) or define composition rules (such as: <quote>press Ctrl+. A E to get &AElig;</quote> in the default keymap). Linux-&linux-version; interprets dead keys and composition rules in the keymap correctly only when the source characters to be composed together are not multibyte. This deficiency doesn't affect keymaps for European languages, because there accents are added to unaccented ASCII characters, or two ASCII characters are composed together. However, in UTF-8 mode it is a problem; e.g., for the Greek language, where one sometimes needs to put an accent on the letter α. The solution is either to avoid the use of UTF-8, or to install the X window system, which doesn't have this limitation, in its input handling.
某些键映射有死键 (即，这些键本身不产生字符，而是在下一次按键产生的字符上附加音调) 或定义了组合规则 (例如在默认键映射中，<quote>按下 Ctrl+. A E 得到 &AElig;</quote>)。Linux-&linux-version; 只有在被组合的不是多字节字符的情况下，才能正常解析死键和组合规则。这个缺陷不影响欧洲语言的键映射，因为在欧洲语言中要么是一个音调被附加到不带音调的 ASCII 字符上，要么是两个 ASCII 字符被组合在一起。然而，在 UTF-8 模式中，以希腊语为例，当某人要在<quote>alpha</quote>字符上附加音调时,就会出现问题。解决方法是要么不使用 UTF-8，要么安装 X 窗口系统，它处理输入时没有这个限制。
Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The optional <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> file contains settings that are automatically set for each SystemV boot script. It can alternatively set the values specified in the <filename>hostname</filename>, <filename>console</filename>, and <filename>clock</filename> files in the <filename class='directory'>/etc/sysconfig/</filename> directory. If the associated variables are present in both these separate files and <filename>rc.site</filename>, the values in the script-specific files take effect.
可选的 <filename>/etc/sysconfig/rc.site</filename> 文件包含了为每个 System V 引导脚本自动设定的配置。<filename class="directory">/etc/sysconfig/</filename> 目录中 <filename>hostname</filename>，<filename>console</filename>，以及 <filename>clock</filename> 文件中的变量值也可以在这里设定。如果这些分立的文件和 <filename>rc.site</filename> 包含相同的变量名，则分立文件中的设定被优先使用。