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	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	&diskspace;	&diskspace;
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Instead of using the default <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> method, use the much more secure <emphasis>YESCRYPT</emphasis> method of password encryption, which also allows passwords longer than 8 characters. It is also necessary to change the obsolete <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location for user mailboxes that Shadow uses by default to the <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename> location used currently. And, remove <filename class="directory">/bin</filename> and <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> from the <envar>PATH</envar>, since they are simply symlinks to their counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>.	不使用默认的 <emphasis>crypt</emphasis> 加密方法，使用更安全的 <emphasis>SHA-512</emphasis> 方法加密密码，该方法也允许长度超过 8 个字符的密码。另外，还需要把过时的用户邮箱位置 <filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> 改为当前普遍使用的 <filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename> 目录：
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD YESCRYPT:' \ -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \ -e '/PATH=/{s@/sbin:@@;s@/bin:@@}' \ -i etc/login.defs</userinput>	<userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's:#ENCRYPT_METHOD DES:ENCRYPT_METHOD SHA512:' \ -e 's:/var/spool/mail:/var/mail:' \ -i etc/login.defs</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="configure">touch /usr/bin/passwd ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \ --disable-static \ --with-{b,yes}crypt \ --without-libbsd \ --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>	<userinput remap="configure">touch /usr/bin/passwd ./configure --sysconfdir=/etc \ --with-group-name-max-length=32</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Compile the package:	编译该软件包：
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>	<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This package does not come with a test suite.	该软件包不包含测试套件。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Install the package:	安装该软件包：
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="install">make exec_prefix=/usr install make -C man install-man</userinput>	<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Shadow's default configuration for the <command>useradd</command> utility needs some explanation. First, the default action for the <command>useradd</command> utility is to create the user and a group with the same name as the user. By default the user ID (UID) and group ID (GID) numbers will begin at 1000. This means if you don't pass extra parameters to <command>useradd</command>, each user will be a member of a unique group on the system. If this behavior is undesirable, you'll need to pass either the <parameter>-g</parameter> or <parameter>-N</parameter> parameter to <command>useradd</command>, or else change the setting of <parameter>USERGROUPS_ENAB</parameter> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>. See <ulink role='man' url='&man;useradd.8'>useradd(8)</ulink> for more information.	Shadow 附带的 <command>useradd</command> 配置文件有一些需要解释的事项。首先，<command>useradd</command> 的默认操作是创建一个用户，以及一个名字和用户名相同的组。默认情况下，用户 ID (UID) 和组 ID (GID) 会从 1000 开始。这意味着，如果您不向 <command>useradd</command> 传递参数，每个用户都会属于一个不同的组。如果您不希望这样，就要传递 <parameter>-g</parameter> 参数给 <command>useradd</command>。默认参数保存在 <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> 文件中。您可以编辑其中的两个参数，以满足您的特定需求。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput>mkdir -p /etc/default useradd -D --gid 999</userinput>	<userinput>sed -i 's/yes/no/' /etc/default/useradd</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — English	This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file. The particular value 999 comes from the <parameter>--gid</parameter> parameter above. You may set it to any desired value. Note that <command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number. Note also that if you don't have a group with an ID equal to this number on your system, then the first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, an error message will be generated&mdash;<computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 999</computeroutput>, even though the account has been created correctly. That is why we created the group <systemitem class="groupname">users</systemitem> with this group ID in <xref linkend='ch-tools-createfiles' role='.'/>	This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file. The particular value 999 comes from the <parameter>--gid</parameter> parameter above. You may set it to any desired value. Note that <command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number. Note also that if you don't have a group with an ID equal to this number on your system, then the first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, an error message will be generated&mdash;<computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 999</computeroutput>, even though the account has been created correctly. That is why we created the group <systemitem class="groupname">users</systemitem> with this group ID in <xref linkend='ch-tools-createfiles' role='.'/>
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This parameter sets the beginning of the group numbers used in the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file. The particular value 999 comes from the <parameter>--gid</parameter> parameter above. You may set it to any desired value. Note that <command>useradd</command> will never reuse a UID or GID. If the number identified in this parameter is used, it will use the next available number. Note also that if you don't have a group with an ID equal to this number on your system, then the first time you use <command>useradd</command> without the <parameter>-g</parameter> parameter, an error message will be generated&mdash;<computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 999</computeroutput>, even though the account has been created correctly. That is why we created the group <systemitem class="groupname">users</systemitem> with this group ID in <xref linkend='ch-tools-createfiles' role='.'/>	该参数设定 /etc/group 文件中使用的第一个组编号。您可以将它修改为您希望的任何值。注意，<command>useradd</command> 绝不会重用 UID 或 GID。如果该参数指定的数字已经被使用了，它就会使用下一个可用的数字。另外，如果您第一次使用 <command>useradd</command> 时没有编号 1000 的组，也没有使用 <parameter>-g</parameter> 选项，您就会在终端看到一条消息：<computeroutput>useradd: unknown GID 1000</computeroutput>。您可以忽略这条消息，它会使用组编号 1000。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This parameter causes <command>useradd</command> to create a mailbox file for each new user. <command>useradd</command> will assign the group ownership of this file to the <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> group with 0660 permissions. If you would rather not create these files, issue the following command:	该参数使得 <command>useradd</command> 为新创建的用户建立邮箱文件。<command>useradd</command> 会使得 <systemitem class="groupname">mail</systemitem> 为邮箱文件属组，并为邮箱文件赋予 0660 权限码。如果您不希望 <command>useradd</command> 创建这些邮箱文件，执行以下命令：
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Installed programs	安装的程序
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Installed directories	安装的目录
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Installed libraries	安装的程序
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Short Descriptions	简要描述
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Allows a user to administer his/her own group membership list without the requirement of super user privileges.	允许用户在不需要超级用户权限的情况下，管理自己的组成员列表
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — English	Is used to modify the given user's login name, user identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc.	Is used to modify the given user's login name, user identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc.
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter08_shadow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Is used to modify the given user's login name, user identification (UID), shell, initial group, home directory, etc.	修改给定用户的登录名称、用户标识符 (UID)、shell、初始组、home 目录等信息