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	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Start a disk partitioning program such as <command>cfdisk</command> or <command>fdisk</command> with a command line option naming the hard disk on which the new partition will be created&mdash;for example <filename class="devicefile">/dev/sda</filename> for the primary disk drive. Create a Linux native partition and a <systemitem class="filesystem">swap</systemitem> partition, if needed. Please refer to <ulink role='man' url='&man;cfdisk.8'>cfdisk(8)</ulink> or <ulink role='man' url='&man;fdisk.8'>fdisk(8)</ulink> if you do not yet know how to use the programs.	启动一个磁盘分区程序，例如 <command>cfdisk</command> 或者<command>fdisk</command>。在启动分区程序时需要一个命令行参数，表示希望创建新分区的硬盘，例如主硬盘 <filename class="devicefile">/dev/sda</filename>。创建一个 Linux 原生分区，如果有必要的话再创建一个 <systemitem class="filesystem">swap</systemitem> 分区。请参考 <filename>cfdisk(8)</filename> 或者 <filename>fdisk(8)</filename> 来学习如何使用分区程序。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Swapping is never good. For mechanical hard drives you can generally tell if a system is swapping by just listening to disk activity and observing how the system reacts to commands. With an SSD you will not be able to hear swapping, but you can tell how much swap space is being used by running the <command>top</command> or <command>free</command> programs. Use of an SSD for a swap partition should be avoided if possible. The first reaction to swapping should be to check for an unreasonable command such as trying to edit a five gigabyte file. If swapping becomes a normal occurrence, the best solution is to purchase more RAM for your system.	交换到磁盘从来就不是一件好事。对于机械硬盘，通过听硬盘的工作噪声，同时观察系统的响应速度，就能说出系统是否在交换。对于 SSD，您无法听到工作噪声，但可以使用<command>top</command> 或 <command>free</command> 程序查看使用了多少交换空间。应该尽量避免使用 SSD 设备作为交换分区。一旦发生交换，首先检查是否输入了不合理的命令，例如试图编辑一个 5GB 的文件。如果交换时常发生，最好的办法是为你的系统添置内存。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	If the <emphasis>boot disk</emphasis> has been partitioned with a GUID Partition Table (GPT), then a small, typically 1 MB, partition must be created if it does not already exist. This partition is not formatted, but must be available for GRUB to use during installation of the boot loader. This partition will normally be labeled 'BIOS Boot' if using <command>fdisk</command> or have a code of <emphasis>EF02</emphasis> if using the <command>gdisk</command> command.	如果 <emphasis>启动磁盘</emphasis> 采用 GUID 分区表 (GPT)，那么必须创建一个小的，一般占据 1MB 的分区，除非它已经存在。这个分区不能格式化，在安装启动引导器时必须能够被 GRUB 发现。这个分区在 <command>fdisk</command> 下显示为 'BIOS Boot' 分区，在 <command>gdisk</command> 下显示分区类型代号为 <emphasis>EF02</emphasis>。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	The Grub Bios partition must be on the drive that the BIOS uses to boot the system. This is not necessarily the drive that holds the LFS root partition. The disks on a system may use different partition table types. The necessity of the Grub Bios partition depends only on the partition table type of the boot disk.	Grub Bios 分区必须位于 BIOS 引导系统使用的磁盘上。这个磁盘未必是 LFS 根分区所在的磁盘。不同磁盘可以使用不同分区表格式，只有引导盘采用 GPT 时才必须创建该分区。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	/boot &ndash; Highly recommended. Use this partition to store kernels and other booting information. To minimize potential boot problems with larger disks, make this the first physical partition on your first disk drive. A partition size of 200 megabytes is adequate.	boot &ndash; 高度推荐。这个分区可以存储内核和其他引导信息。为了减少大磁盘可能引起的问题，建议将 /boot 分区设为第一块磁盘的第一个分区。为它分配 200 MB 就绰绰有余。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	/boot/efi &ndash; The EFI System Partition, which is needed for booting the system with UEFI. Read <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/grub-setup.html">the BLFS page</ulink> for details.
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	/usr &ndash; In LFS, <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, <filename class="directory">/lib</filename>, and <filename class="directory">/sbin</filename> are symlinks to their counterparts in <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>. So <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> contains all the binaries needed for the system to run. For LFS a separate partition for <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> is normally not needed. If you create it anyway, you should make a partition large enough to fit all the programs and libraries in the system. The root partition can be very small (maybe just one gigabyte) in this configuration, so it's suitable for a thin client or diskless workstation (where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> is mounted from a remote server). However, you should be aware that an initramfs (not covered by LFS) will be needed to boot a system with a separate <filename class="directory">/usr</filename> partition.
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	/opt &ndash; This directory is most useful for BLFS, where multiple large packages like KDE or Texlive can be installed without embedding the files in the /usr hierarchy. If used, 5 to 10 gigabytes is generally adequate.	/opt &ndash; 这个目录往往被用于在 BLFS 中安装 Gnome 或 KDE 等大型软件，以免把大量文件塞进 /usr 目录树。如果将它划分为独立分区，5 到 10 GB 一般就足够了。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	/tmp &ndash; A separate /tmp partition is rare, but useful if configuring a thin client. This partition, if used, will usually not need to exceed a couple of gigabytes. If you have enough RAM, you can mount a <systemitem class='filesystem'>tmpfs</systemitem> on /tmp to make access to temporary files faster.	/tmp &ndash; 一个独立的 /tmp 分区是很少见的，但在配置瘦客户端时很有用。如果分配了这个分区，大小一般不会超过几个 GB。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	/tmp &ndash; By default, systemd mounts a <systemitem class='filesystem'>tmpfs</systemitem> here. If you want to override that behavior, follow <xref linkend='systemd-no-tmpfs'/> when configuring the LFS system.
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	/usr/src &ndash; This partition is very useful for providing a location to store BLFS source files and share them across LFS builds. It can also be used as a location for building BLFS packages. A reasonably large partition of 30-50 gigabytes provides plenty of room.	/usr/src &ndash; 将它划分为独立分区，可以用于存储 BLFS 源代码，并在多个 LFS 系统之间共享它们。它也可以用于编译 BLFS 软件包。30-50 GB 的分区可以提供足够的空间。
	Linux From Scratch 12.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Any separate partition that you want automatically mounted when the system starts must be specified in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file. Details about how to specify partitions will be discussed in <xref linkend="ch-bootable-fstab"/>.	如果您希望在启动时自动挂载任何一个独立的分区，就要在 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 文件中说明。有关指定分区的细节将在 <xref linkend="ch-bootable-fstab"/> 中讨论。