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	Translation	Source string	Target string
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	&linux-url;
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<productname>kernel</productname> <productnumber>&linux-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Linux-&linux-version;
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Linux
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	The Linux package contains the Linux kernel.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	&linux-knl-sbu;
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	&linux-knl-du;
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Installation of the kernel
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Building the kernel involves a few steps&mdash;configuration, compilation, and installation. Read the <filename>README</filename> file in the kernel source tree for alternative methods to the way this book configures the kernel.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Building the linux kernel for the first time is one of the most challenging tasks in LFS. Getting it right depends on the specific hardware for the target system and your specific needs. There are almost 12,000 configuration items that are available for the kernel although only about a third of them are needed for most computers. The LFS editors recommend that users not familiar with this process follow the procedures below fairly closely. The objective is to get an initial system to a point where you can log in at the command line when you reboot later in <xref linkend="ch-finish-reboot" role='.'/> At this point optimization and customization is not a goal.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Building the linux kernel for the first time is one of the most challenging tasks in LFS. Getting it right depends on the specific hardware for the target system and your specific needs. There are almost 12,000 configuration items that are available for the kernel although only about a third of them are needed for most computers. The LFS editors recommend that users not familiar with this process follow the procedures below fairly closely. The objective is to get an initial system to a point where you can log in at the command line when you reboot later in <xref linkend="ch-finish-reboot" role='.'/> At this point optimization and customization is not a goal.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	For general information on kernel configuration see <ulink url="&hints-root;kernel-configuration.txt"/>. Additional information about configuring and building the kernel can be found at <ulink url="&anduin-sources;/kernel-nutshell/"/>. These references are a bit dated, but still give a reasonable overview of the process.	阅读 <ulink url="&hints-root;kernel-configuration.txt"/> 了解关于内核配置的一般信息。BLFS 包含一些关于 LFS 之外的软件包需要的特定内核配置的信息，位于<ulink url="&blfs-book;longindex.html#kernel-config-index"/> 。另外在 <ulink url="http://www.kroah.com/lkn/"/> 也有一些关于配置和构建内核的信息。
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	For general information on kernel configuration see <ulink url="&hints-root;kernel-configuration.txt"/>. Additional information about configuring and building the kernel can be found at <ulink url="&anduin-sources;/kernel-nutshell/"/>. These references are a bit dated, but still give a reasonable overview of the process.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	If all else fails, you can ask for help on the <ulink url="https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/mail.html">lfs-support</ulink> mailing list. Note that subscribing is required in order for the list to avoid spam.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	If all else fails, you can ask for help on the <ulink url="https://www.linuxfromscratch.org/mail.html">lfs-support</ulink> mailing list. Note that subscribing is required in order for the list to avoid spam.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Prepare for compilation by running the following command:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<userinput remap="pre">make mrproper</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	This ensures that the kernel tree is absolutely clean. The kernel team recommends that this command be issued prior to each kernel compilation. Do not rely on the source tree being clean after un-tarring.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	There are several ways to configure the kernel options. Usually, this is done through a menu-driven interface, for example:	有多种配置内核选项的方法。例如，通常我们通过目录驱动的界面完成这一工作：
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	There are several ways to configure the kernel options. Usually, this is done through a menu-driven interface, for example:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<userinput>make menuconfig</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	The meaning of optional make environment variables:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter>LANG=&lt;host_LANG_value&gt; LC_ALL=</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	This establishes the locale setting to the one used on the host. This may be needed for a proper menuconfig ncurses interface line drawing on a UTF-8 linux text console.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	If used, be sure to replace <replaceable>&lt;host_LANG_value&gt;</replaceable> by the value of the <envar>$LANG</envar> variable from your host. You can alternatively use instead the host's value of <envar>$LC_ALL</envar> or <envar>$LC_CTYPE</envar>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<command>make menuconfig</command>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	This launches an ncurses menu-driven interface. For other (graphical) interfaces, type <command>make help</command>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	A good starting place for setting up the kernel configuration is to run <command>make defconfig</command>. This will set the base configuration to a good state that takes your current system architecture into account.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Be sure to enable/disable/set the following features or the system might not work correctly or boot at all:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Enable some additional features if you are building a 64-bit system. If you are using menuconfig, enable them in the order of <parameter>CONFIG_PCI_MSI</parameter> first, then <parameter>CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP</parameter>, at last <parameter>CONFIG_X86_X2APIC</parameter> because an option only shows up after its dependencies are selected.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Enable some additional features if you are building a 64-bit system. If you are using menuconfig, enable them in the order of <parameter>CONFIG_PCI_MSI</parameter> first, then <parameter>CONFIG_IRQ_REMAP</parameter>, at last <parameter>CONFIG_X86_X2APIC</parameter> because an option only shows up after its dependencies are selected.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	If you are building a 32-bit system running on a hardware with RAM more than 4GB, adjust the configuration so the kernel will be able to use up to 64GB physical RAM:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	If you are building a 32-bit system running on a hardware with RAM more than 4GB, adjust the configuration so the kernel will be able to use up to 64GB physical RAM:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	If the partition for the LFS system is in a NVME SSD (i. e. the device node for the partition is <filename>/dev/nvme*</filename> instead of <filename>/dev/sd*</filename>), enable NVME support or the LFS system won't boot:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	If the partition for the LFS system is in a NVME SSD (i. e. the device node for the partition is <filename>/dev/nvme*</filename> instead of <filename>/dev/sd*</filename>), enable NVME support or the LFS system won't boot:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	While "The IPv6 Protocol" is not strictly required, it is highly recommended by the systemd developers.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	There are several other options that may be desired depending on the requirements for the system. For a list of options needed for BLFS packages, see the <ulink url="&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index">BLFS Index of Kernel Settings</ulink>.	根据系统的需求，可能需要一些其他配置选项。BLFS 软件包需要的内核配置选项列表可以在 <ulink url="&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index">BLFS Index of Kernel Settings</ulink> (&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index) 查阅。
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	There are several other options that may be desired depending on the requirements for the system. For a list of options needed for BLFS packages, see the <ulink url="&lfs-root;blfs/view/&short-version;/longindex.html#kernel-config-index">BLFS Index of Kernel Settings</ulink>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	If your host hardware is using UEFI and you wish to boot the LFS system with it, you should adjust some kernel configuration following <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/grub-setup.html#uefi-kernel"> the BLFS page</ulink> <emphasis role='bold'>even if you'll use the UEFI bootloader from the host distro</emphasis>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	If your host hardware is using UEFI and you wish to boot the LFS system with it, you should adjust some kernel configuration following <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/grub-setup.html#uefi-kernel"> the BLFS page</ulink> <emphasis role='bold'>even if you'll use the UEFI bootloader from the host distro</emphasis>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	The rationale for the above configuration items:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter>Randomize the address of the kernel image (KASLR)</parameter>	<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter>Randomize the address of the kernel image (KASLR)</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Enable ASLR for kernel image, to mitigate some attacks based on fixed addresses of sensitive data or code in the kernel.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Enable ASLR for kernel image, to mitigate some attacks based on fixed addresses of sensitive data or code in the kernel.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter> Compile the kernel with warnings as errors </parameter>	<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter> Compile the kernel with warnings as errors </parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This may cause building failure if the compiler and/or configuration are different from those of the kernel developers.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	This may cause building failure if the compiler and/or configuration are different from those of the kernel developers.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter> Enable kernel headers through /sys/kernel/kheaders.tar.xz </parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter> Enable kernel headers through /sys/kernel/kheaders.tar.xz </parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This will require <command>cpio</command> building the kernel. <command>cpio</command> is not installed by LFS.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	This will require <command>cpio</command> building the kernel. <command>cpio</command> is not installed by LFS.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter> Configure standard kernel features (expert users) </parameter>	<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter> Configure standard kernel features (expert users) </parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This will make some options show up in the configuration interface but changing those options may be dangerous. Do not use this unless you know what you are doing.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	This will make some options show up in the configuration interface but changing those options may be dangerous. Do not use this unless you know what you are doing.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter>Strong Stack Protector</parameter>	<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter>Strong Stack Protector</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Enable SSP for the kernel. We've enabled it for the entire userspace with <parameter>--enable-default-ssp</parameter> configuring GCC, but the kernel does not use GCC default setting for SSP. We enable it explicitly here.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Enable SSP for the kernel. We've enabled it for the entire userspace with <parameter>--enable-default-ssp</parameter> configuring GCC, but the kernel does not use GCC default setting for SSP. We enable it explicitly here.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter>Support for uevent helper</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Having this option set may interfere with device management when using Udev.	如果启用了该选项，它可能干扰 Udev/Eudev 的设备管理。
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Having this option set may interfere with device management when using Udev.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This will create automated device nodes which are populated by the kernel, even without Udev running. Udev then runs on top of this, managing permissions and adding symlinks. This configuration item is required for all users of Udev.	该选项会使内核自动创建设备节点，即使 Udev 没有运行。Udev 之后才在这些设备节点的基础上运行，管理它们的访问权限并为它们建立符号链接。所有 Udev/Eudev 用户都需要启用该选项。
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	This will create automated device nodes which are populated by the kernel, even without Udev running. Udev then runs on top of this, managing permissions and adding symlinks. This configuration item is required for all users of Udev.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter>Automount devtmpfs at /dev</parameter>	<parameter>Maintain a devtmpfs</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter>Automount devtmpfs at /dev</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This will mount the kernel view of the devices on /dev upon switching to root filesystem just before starting init.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	This will mount the kernel view of the devices on /dev upon switching to root filesystem just before starting init.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter> Enable legacy fbdev support for your modesetting driver </parameter> and <parameter>Framebuffer Console support</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter> Enable legacy fbdev support for your modesetting driver </parameter> and <parameter>Framebuffer Console support</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	These are needed to display the Linux console on a GPU driven by a DRI (Direct Rendering Infrastructure) driver. If <option>CONFIG_DRM</option> (Direct Rendering Manager) is enabled, you should enable these two options as well or you'll see a blank screen once the DRI driver is loaded.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	These are needed to display the Linux console on a GPU driven by a DRI (Direct Rendering Infrastructure) driver. If <option>CONFIG_DRM</option> (Direct Rendering Manager) is enabled, you should enable these two options as well or you'll see a blank screen once the DRI driver is loaded.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter>Support x2apic</parameter>	<parameter>Support for uevent helper</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<parameter>Support x2apic</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Support running the interrupt controller of 64-bit x86 processors in x2APIC mode. x2APIC may be enabled by firmware on 64-bit x86 systems, and a kernel without this option enabled will panic on boot if x2APIC is enabled by firmware. This option has no effect, but also does no harm if x2APIC is disabled by the firmware.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Support running the interrupt controller of 64-bit x86 processors in x2APIC mode. x2APIC may be enabled by firmware on 64-bit x86 systems, and a kernel without this option enabled will panic on boot if x2APIC is enabled by firmware. This option has no effect, but also does no harm if x2APIC is disabled by the firmware.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Alternatively, <command>make oldconfig</command> may be more appropriate in some situations. See the <filename>README</filename> file for more information.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	If desired, skip kernel configuration by copying the kernel config file, <filename>.config</filename>, from the host system (assuming it is available) to the unpacked <filename class="directory">linux-&linux-version;</filename> directory. However, we do not recommend this option. It is often better to explore all the configuration menus and create the kernel configuration from scratch.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Compile the kernel image and modules:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	If using kernel modules, module configuration in <filename class="directory">/etc/modprobe.d</filename> may be required. Information pertaining to modules and kernel configuration is located in <xref linkend="ch-config-udev"/> and in the kernel documentation in the <filename class="directory">linux-&linux-version;/Documentation</filename> directory. Also, <ulink role='man' url='&man;modprobe.d.5'>modprobe.d(5)</ulink> may be of interest.	如果要使用内核模块，可能需要在 <filename class="directory">/etc/modprobe.d</filename> 中写入模块配置。讨论模块和内核配置的信息位于<xref linkend="ch-config-udev"/>和 <filename class="directory">linux-&linux-version;/Documentation </filename> 目录下的内核文档中。另外 <filename>modprobe.d(5)</filename> 也可以作为参考。
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	If using kernel modules, module configuration in <filename class="directory">/etc/modprobe.d</filename> may be required. Information pertaining to modules and kernel configuration is located in <xref linkend="ch-config-udev"/> and in the kernel documentation in the <filename class="directory">linux-&linux-version;/Documentation</filename> directory. Also, <ulink role='man' url='&man;modprobe.d.5'>modprobe.d(5)</ulink> may be of interest.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Unless module support has been disabled in the kernel configuration, install the modules with:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<userinput remap="install">make modules_install</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	After kernel compilation is complete, additional steps are required to complete the installation. Some files need to be copied to the <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> directory.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	If you've decided to use a separate &boot-dir; partition for the LFS system (maybe sharing a &boot-dir; partition with the host distro) , the files copied below should go there. The easiest way to do that is to create the entry for &boot-dir; in &fstab; first (read the previous section for details), then issue the following command as the &root; user in the <emphasis>chroot environment</emphasis>:	如果宿主系统有单独的 /boot 分区，需要将这些文件拷贝到该分区中。最简单的方法是将宿主系统的 /boot (在 chroot 之外) 绑定到 /mnt/lfs/boot 再拷贝文件，在<emphasis>宿主系统</emphasis>中，以 root 身份执行：
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	If you've decided to use a separate &boot-dir; partition for the LFS system (maybe sharing a &boot-dir; partition with the host distro) , the files copied below should go there. The easiest way to do that is to create the entry for &boot-dir; in &fstab; first (read the previous section for details), then issue the following command as the &root; user in the <emphasis>chroot environment</emphasis>:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput>mount /boot</userinput>	<userinput>mount --bind /boot /mnt/lfs/boot</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<userinput>mount /boot</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	The path to the device node is omitted in the command because <command>mount</command> can read it from &fstab;.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	The path to the device node is omitted in the command because <command>mount</command> can read it from &fstab;.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	The path to the kernel image may vary depending on the platform being used. The filename below can be changed to suit your taste, but the stem of the filename should be <emphasis>vmlinuz</emphasis> to be compatible with the automatic setup of the boot process described in the next section. The following command assumes an x86 architecture:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<userinput remap="install">cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version;</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<filename>System.map</filename> is a symbol file for the kernel. It maps the function entry points of every function in the kernel API, as well as the addresses of the kernel data structures for the running kernel. It is used as a resource when investigating kernel problems. Issue the following command to install the map file:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<userinput remap="install">cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-&linux-version;</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	The kernel configuration file <filename>.config</filename> produced by the <command>make menuconfig</command> step above contains all the configuration selections for the kernel that was just compiled. It is a good idea to keep this file for future reference:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	<userinput remap="install">cp -iv .config /boot/config-&linux-version;</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish	Install the documentation for the Linux kernel:

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