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	Translation	Source string	Target string
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	&grub-url;
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	<productname>grub</productname> <productnumber>&grub-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	If your system has UEFI support and you wish to boot LFS with UEFI, you should skip the instructions in this page but still learn the syntax of <filename>grub.cfg</filename> and the method to specify a partition in the file from this page, and configure GRUB with UEFI support using the instructions provided in <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/grub-setup.html">the BLFS page</ulink>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	If your system has UEFI support and you wish to boot LFS with UEFI, you should skip the instructions in this page but still learn the syntax of <filename>grub.cfg</filename> and the method to specify a partition in the file from this page, and configure GRUB with UEFI support using the instructions provided in <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/grub-setup.html">the BLFS page</ulink>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Configuring GRUB incorrectly can render your system inoperable without an alternate boot device such as a CD-ROM or bootable USB drive. This section is not required to boot your LFS system. You may just want to modify your current boot loader, e.g. Grub-Legacy, GRUB2, or LILO.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do not already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for the procedure below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install <userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink url="&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html"> libisoburn</ulink> package.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput>cd /tmp grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput>	<userinput>cd /tmp grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	<userinput>cd /tmp grub-mkrescue --output=grub-img.iso xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrw blank=as_needed grub-img.iso</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	GRUB Naming Conventions
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis> is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition number. The hard drive numbers start from zero, but the partition numbers start from one for normal partitions (from five for extended partitions). Note that this is different from earlier versions where both numbers started from zero. For example, partition <filename class="partition">sda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,1)</emphasis> to GRUB and <filename class="partition">sdb3</filename> is <emphasis>(hd1,3)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does not consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD on <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive on <filename class="partition">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive would still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>.	GRUB 使用一种独特的命名结构，为驱动器和分区命名。分区名的形式为 <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>，这里 <emphasis>n</emphasis> 是硬盘驱动器编号，<emphasis>m</emphasis> 是分区编号。硬盘驱动器编号从 0 开始，但分区号对于主分区来说从 1 开始，而对于扩展分区来说从 5 开始。例如，分区 <filename class="partition">sda1</filename> 在 GRUB 中的名字是 <emphasis>(hd0, 1)</emphasis>，而 <filename class="partition">sda3</filename> 的名字是 <emphasis>(hd1, 3)</emphasis>。和 Linux 不同，GRUB 不认为 CD-ROM 驱动器属于硬盘驱动器。例如，如果在 <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> 上有一个 CD-ROM 驱动器，而 <filename class="partition">hdc</filename> 上有第二个硬盘驱动器，则第二个硬盘驱动器仍然名为 <emphasis>hd1</emphasis>。
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	GRUB uses its own naming structure for drives and partitions in the form of <emphasis>(hdn,m)</emphasis>, where <emphasis>n</emphasis> is the hard drive number and <emphasis>m</emphasis> is the partition number. The hard drive numbers start from zero, but the partition numbers start from one for normal partitions (from five for extended partitions). Note that this is different from earlier versions where both numbers started from zero. For example, partition <filename class="partition">sda1</filename> is <emphasis>(hd0,1)</emphasis> to GRUB and <filename class="partition">sdb3</filename> is <emphasis>(hd1,3)</emphasis>. In contrast to Linux, GRUB does not consider CD-ROM drives to be hard drives. For example, if using a CD on <filename class="partition">hdb</filename> and a second hard drive on <filename class="partition">hdc</filename>, that second hard drive would still be <emphasis>(hd1)</emphasis>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Setting Up the Configuration
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	GRUB works by writing data to the first physical track of the hard disk. This area is not part of any file system. The programs there access GRUB modules in the boot partition. The default location is /boot/grub/.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that affects the configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate small (suggested size is 200 MB) partition just for boot information. That way each build, whether LFS or some commercial distro, can access the same boot files and access can be made from any booted system. If you choose to do this, you will need to mount the separate partition, move all files in the current <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> directory (e.g. the Linux kernel you just built in the previous section) to the new partition. You will then need to unmount the partition and remount it as <filename class="directory">/boot</filename>. If you do this, be sure to update <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.	引导分区的位置由负责进行配置的用户自己决定，作者推荐创建一个小的 (建议大小为 200 MB) 分区，专门存放引导信息。这样，不同的 Linux 系统 (无论是 LFS 还是商业发行版) 在启动时和启动后都能访问相同的引导文件。如果您选择这样做，您需要挂载这个单独的分区，将 <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> 中已有的文件 (例如上一节中构建的内核) 移动到新的分区中。之后，解除该分区的挂载，并将它挂载为 <filename class="directory">/boot</filename>。另外，还要注意更新 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>。
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that affects the configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate small (suggested size is 200 MB) partition just for boot information. That way each build, whether LFS or some commercial distro, can access the same boot files and access can be made from any booted system. If you choose to do this, you will need to mount the separate partition, move all files in the current <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> directory (e.g. the Linux kernel you just built in the previous section) to the new partition. You will then need to unmount the partition and remount it as <filename class="directory">/boot</filename>. If you do this, be sure to update <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Leaving <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> on the current LFS partition will also work, but configuration for multiple systems is more difficult.	直接使用 LFS 分区也是可以的，但这样在配置多系统启动时比较麻烦。
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Leaving <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> on the current LFS partition will also work, but configuration for multiple systems is more difficult.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Using the above information, determine the appropriate designator for the root partition (or boot partition, if a separate one is used). For the following example, it is assumed that the root (or separate boot) partition is <filename class="partition">sda2</filename>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Install the GRUB files into <filename class="directory">/boot/grub</filename> and set up the boot track:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	The following command will overwrite the current boot loader. Do not run the command if this is not desired, for example, if using a third party boot manager to manage the Master Boot Record (MBR).
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	<userinput>grub-install /dev/sda</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	If the system has been booted using UEFI, <command>grub-install</command> will try to install files for the <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> target, but those files have not been installed in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>. If this is the case, add <option>--target i386-pc</option> to the command above.	如果系统是使用 UEFI 引导的，<command>grub-install</command> 会试图为 <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> 目标安装文件，但它们并未在第 6 章中安装。如果出现了这类问题，请在以上命令中添加 <option>--target i386-pc</option> 选项。
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	If the system has been booted using UEFI, <command>grub-install</command> will try to install files for the <emphasis>x86_64-efi</emphasis> target, but those files have not been installed in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>. If this is the case, add <option>--target i386-pc</option> to the command above.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Creating the GRUB Configuration File
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Generate <filename>/boot/grub/grub.cfg</filename>:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; "EOF" <literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg set default=0 set timeout=5 insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,2) menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;" { linux /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version; root=/dev/sda2 ro }</literal> EOF</userinput>	<userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; "EOF" <literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg set default=0 set timeout=5 insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,2) menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;" { linux /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version; root=/dev/sda2 ro }</literal> EOF</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	<userinput>cat &gt; /boot/grub/grub.cfg &lt;&lt; "EOF" <literal># Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg set default=0 set timeout=5 insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,2) menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux &linux-version;-lfs-&version;" { linux /boot/vmlinuz-&linux-version;-lfs-&version; root=/dev/sda2 ro }</literal> EOF</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	The <command>insmod</command> commands load the <application>GRUB</application> modules named <filename>part_gpt</filename> and <filename>ext2</filename>. Despite the naming, <filename>ext2</filename> actually supports <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext2</systemitem>, <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext3</systemitem>, and <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext4</systemitem> filesystems. The <command>grub-install</command> command has embedded some modules into the main <application>GRUB</application> image (installed into the MBR or the GRUB BIOS partition) to access the other modules (in <filename class='directory'>/boot/grub/i386-pc</filename>) without a chicken-or-egg issue, so with a typical configuration these two modules are already embedded and those two <command>insmod</command> commands will do nothing. But they do no harm anyway, and they may be needed with some rare configurations.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	The <command>insmod</command> commands load the <application>GRUB</application> modules named <filename>part_gpt</filename> and <filename>ext2</filename>. Despite the naming, <filename>ext2</filename> actually supports <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext2</systemitem>, <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext3</systemitem>, and <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext4</systemitem> filesystems. The <command>grub-install</command> command has embedded some modules into the main <application>GRUB</application> image (installed into the MBR or the GRUB BIOS partition) to access the other modules (in <filename class='directory'>/boot/grub/i386-pc</filename>) without a chicken-or-egg issue, so with a typical configuration these two modules are already embedded and those two <command>insmod</command> commands will do nothing. But they do no harm anyway, and they may be needed with some rare configurations.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	From <application>GRUB</application>'s perspective, the kernel files are relative to the partition used. If you used a separate /boot partition, remove /boot from the above <emphasis>linux</emphasis> line. You will also need to change the <emphasis>set root</emphasis> line to point to the boot partition.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	The GRUB designator for a partition may change if you added or removed some disks (including removable disks like USB thumb devices). The change may cause boot failure because <filename>grub.cfg</filename> refers to some <quote>old</quote> designators. If you wish to avoid such a problem, you may use the UUID of a partition and the UUID of a filesystem instead of a GRUB designator to specify a device. Run <command>lsblk -o UUID,PARTUUID,PATH,MOUNTPOINT</command> to show the UUIDs of your filesystems (in the <literal>UUID</literal> column) and partitions (in the <literal>PARTUUID</literal> column). Then replace <literal>set root=(hdx,y)</literal> with <literal>search --set=root --fs-uuid <replaceable>&lt;UUID of the filesystem where the kernel is installed&gt;</replaceable></literal>, and replace <literal>root=/dev/sda2</literal> with <literal>root=PARTUUID=<replaceable>&lt;UUID of the partition where LFS is built&gt;</replaceable></literal>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	The GRUB designator for a partition may change if you added or removed some disks (including removable disks like USB thumb devices). The change may cause boot failure because <filename>grub.cfg</filename> refers to some <quote>old</quote> designators. If you wish to avoid such a problem, you may use the UUID of a partition and the UUID of a filesystem instead of a GRUB designator to specify a device. Run <command>lsblk -o UUID,PARTUUID,PATH,MOUNTPOINT</command> to show the UUIDs of your filesystems (in the <literal>UUID</literal> column) and partitions (in the <literal>PARTUUID</literal> column). Then replace <literal>set root=(hdx,y)</literal> with <literal>search --set=root --fs-uuid <replaceable>&lt;UUID of the filesystem where the kernel is installed&gt;</replaceable></literal>, and replace <literal>root=/dev/sda2</literal> with <literal>root=PARTUUID=<replaceable>&lt;UUID of the partition where LFS is built&gt;</replaceable></literal>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Note that the UUID of a partition is completely different from the UUID of the filesystem in this partition. Some online resources may instruct you to use <literal>root=UUID=<replaceable>&lt;filesystem UUID&gt;</replaceable></literal> instead of <literal>root=PARTUUID=<replaceable>&lt;partition UUID&gt;</replaceable></literal>, but doing so will require an initramfs, which is beyond the scope of LFS.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	Note that the UUID of a partition is completely different from the UUID of the filesystem in this partition. Some online resources may instruct you to use <literal>root=UUID=<replaceable>&lt;filesystem UUID&gt;</replaceable></literal> instead of <literal>root=PARTUUID=<replaceable>&lt;partition UUID&gt;</replaceable></literal>, but doing so will require an initramfs, which is beyond the scope of LFS.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	The name of the device node for a partition in <filename class='directory'>/dev</filename> may also change (this is less likely than a GRUB designator change). You can also replace paths to device nodes like <literal>/dev/sda1</literal> with <literal>PARTUUID=<replaceable>&lt;partition UUID&gt;</replaceable></literal>, in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, to avoid a potential boot failure in case the device node name has changed.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	The name of the device node for a partition in <filename class='directory'>/dev</filename> may also change (this is less likely than a GRUB designator change). You can also replace paths to device nodes like <literal>/dev/sda1</literal> with <literal>PARTUUID=<replaceable>&lt;partition UUID&gt;</replaceable></literal>, in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, to avoid a potential boot failure in case the device node name has changed.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	GRUB is an extremely powerful program and it provides a tremendous number of options for booting from a wide variety of devices, operating systems, and partition types. There are also many options for customization such as graphical splash screens, playing sounds, mouse input, etc. The details of these options are beyond the scope of this introduction.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish	There is a command, <application>grub-mkconfig</application>, that can write a configuration file automatically. It uses a set of scripts in /etc/grub.d/ and will destroy any customizations that you make. These scripts are designed primarily for non-source distributions and are not recommended for LFS. If you install a commercial Linux distribution, there is a good chance that this program will be run. Be sure to back up your grub.cfg file.