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	Translation	Source string	Target string
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	Preparing Virtual Kernel File Systems
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	/dev/*
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	Applications running in userspace utilize various file systems created by the kernel to communicate with the kernel itself. These file systems are virtual: no disk space is used for them. The content of these file systems resides in memory. These file systems must be mounted in the $LFS directory tree so the applications can find them in the chroot environment.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	Begin by creating the directories on which these virtual file systems will be mounted:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	<userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{dev,proc,sys,run}</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	Mounting and Populating /dev
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	During a normal boot of an LFS system, the kernel automatically mounts the <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> file system on the <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory; the kernel creates device nodes on that virtual file system during the boot process, or when a device is first detected or accessed. The udev daemon may change the ownership or permissions of the device nodes created by the kernel, and create new device nodes or symlinks, to ease the work of distro maintainers and system administrators. (See <xref linkend='ch-config-udev-device-node-creation'/> for details.) If the host kernel supports &devtmpfs;, we can simply mount a &devtmpfs; at <filename class='directory'>$LFS/dev</filename> and rely on the kernel to populate it.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	But some host kernels lack &devtmpfs; support; these host distros use different methods to create the content of <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>. So the only host-agnostic way to populate the <filename class="directory">$LFS/dev</filename> directory is by bind mounting the host system's <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory. A bind mount is a special type of mount that makes a directory subtree or a file visible at some other location. Use the following command to do this.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	<userinput>mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	Mounting Virtual Kernel File Systems
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	Now mount the remaining virtual kernel file systems:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	<userinput>mount -vt devpts devpts -o gid=5,mode=0620 $LFS/dev/pts mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	The meaning of the mount options for devpts:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	The meaning of the mount options for devpts:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter>gid=5</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	<parameter>gid=5</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes are owned by group ID 5. This is the ID we will use later on for the <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group. We use the group ID instead of a name, since the host system might use a different ID for its <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes are owned by group ID 5. This is the ID we will use later on for the <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group. We use the group ID instead of a name, since the host system might use a different ID for its <systemitem class="groupname">tty</systemitem> group.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter>mode=0620</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	<parameter>mode=0620</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes have mode 0620 (user readable and writable, group writable). Together with the option above, this ensures that devpts will create device nodes that meet the requirements of grantpt(), meaning the Glibc <command>pt_chown</command> helper binary (which is not installed by default) is not necessary.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	This ensures that all devpts-created device nodes have mode 0620 (user readable and writable, group writable). Together with the option above, this ensures that devpts will create device nodes that meet the requirements of grantpt(), meaning the Glibc <command>pt_chown</command> helper binary (which is not installed by default) is not necessary.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	In some host systems, <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a symbolic link to a directory, typically <filename class="directory">/run/shm</filename>. The /run tmpfs was mounted above so in this case only a directory needs to be created with the correct permissions.
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	In other host systems <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a mount point for a tmpfs. In that case the mount of /dev above will only create /dev/shm as a directory in the chroot environment. In this situation we must explicitly mount a tmpfs:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	In other host systems <filename>/dev/shm</filename> is a mount point for a tmpfs. In that case the mount of /dev above will only create /dev/shm as a directory in the chroot environment. In this situation we must explicitly mount a tmpfs:
	Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish	<userinput>if [ -h $LFS/dev/shm ]; then install -v -d -m 1777 $LFS$(realpath /dev/shm) else mount -vt tmpfs -o nosuid,nodev tmpfs $LFS/dev/shm fi</userinput>