Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.2/index — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
引言
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel_sysv — English
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ompile the kernel with warnings as errors [WERROR]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU/Task time and stats accounting ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>ressure stall information tracking [PSI]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>equire boot parameter to enable pressure stall information tracking
... [PSI_DEFAULT_DISABLED]
&lt; &gt; <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable kernel headers through /sys/kernel/kheaders.tar.xz [IKHEADERS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ontrol Group support ---&gt; [CGROUPS]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>mory controller [MEMCG]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onfigure standard kernel features (expert users) ---&gt; [EXPERT]

<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>B</emphasis>uild a relocatable kernel [RELOCATABLE]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>andomize the address of the kernel image (KASLR) [RANDOMIZE_BASE]

<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral architecture-dependent options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>tack Protector buffer overflow detection [STACKPROTECTOR]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>trong Stack Protector [STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG]

<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric Driver Options ---&gt;
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>upport for uevent helper [UEVENT_HELPER]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>intain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [DEVTMPFS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>utomount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the rootfs
... [DEVTMPFS_MOUNT]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
# If [DRM] is selected as * or M, this must be selected:
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable legacy fbdev support for your modesetting driver
... [DRM_FBDEV_EMULATION]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onsole display driver support ---&gt;
# If [DRM] is selected as * or M, this must be selected:
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ramebuffer Console support [FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ompile the kernel with warnings as errors [WERROR]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU/Task time and stats accounting ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>ressure stall information tracking [PSI]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>equire boot parameter to enable pressure stall information tracking
... [PSI_DEFAULT_DISABLED]
&lt; &gt; <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable kernel headers through /sys/kernel/kheaders.tar.xz [IKHEADERS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ontrol Group support ---&gt; [CGROUPS]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>mory controller [MEMCG]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onfigure standard kernel features (expert users) ---&gt; [EXPERT]

<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>B</emphasis>uild a relocatable kernel [RELOCATABLE]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>andomize the address of the kernel image (KASLR) [RANDOMIZE_BASE]

<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral architecture-dependent options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>tack Protector buffer overflow detection [STACKPROTECTOR]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>trong Stack Protector [STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG]

<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric Driver Options ---&gt;
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>upport for uevent helper [UEVENT_HELPER]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>intain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [DEVTMPFS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>utomount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the rootfs
... [DEVTMPFS_MOUNT]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
# If [DRM] is selected as * or M, this must be selected:
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable legacy fbdev support for your modesetting driver
... [DRM_FBDEV_EMULATION]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onsole display driver support ---&gt;
# If [DRM] is selected as * or M, this must be selected:
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ramebuffer Console support [FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE]
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel_systemd — English
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ompile the kernel with warnings as errors [WERROR]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU/Task time and stats accounting ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>ressure stall information tracking [PSI]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>equire boot parameter to enable pressure stall information tracking
... [PSI_DEFAULT_DISABLED]
&lt; &gt; <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable kernel headers through /sys/kernel/kheaders.tar.xz [IKHEADERS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ontrol Group support ---&gt; [CGROUPS]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>mory controller [MEMCG]
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU controller ---&gt; [CGROUP_SCHED]
# This may cause some systemd features malfunction:
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>roup scheduling for SCHED_RR/FIFO [RT_GROUP_SCHED]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onfigure standard kernel features (expert users) ---&gt; [EXPERT]

<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>B</emphasis>uild a relocatable kernel [RELOCATABLE]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>andomize the address of the kernel image (KASLR) [RANDOMIZE_BASE]

<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral architecture-dependent options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>tack Protector buffer overflow detection [STACKPROTECTOR]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>trong Stack Protector [STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG]

[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking support ---&gt; [NET]
N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>CP/IP networking [INET]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>he IPv6 protocol ---&gt; [IPV6]

<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric Driver Options ---&gt;
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>upport for uevent helper [UEVENT_HELPER]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>intain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [DEVTMPFS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>utomount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the rootfs
... [DEVTMPFS_MOUNT]
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware loader ---&gt;
&lt; /*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware loading facility [FW_LOADER]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable the firmware sysfs fallback mechanism
... [FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware Drivers ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>xport DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [DMIID]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
# If [DRM] is selected as * or M, this must be selected:
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable legacy fbdev support for your modesetting driver
... [DRM_FBDEV_EMULATION]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onsole display driver support ---&gt;
# If [DRM] is selected as * or M, this must be selected:
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ramebuffer Console support [FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE]

<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ile systems ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>notify support for userspace [INOTIFY_USER]
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>seudo filesystems ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>mpfs virtual memory file system support (former shm fs) [TMPFS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>mpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral setup ---&gt;
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ompile the kernel with warnings as errors [WERROR]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU/Task time and stats accounting ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>ressure stall information tracking [PSI]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>equire boot parameter to enable pressure stall information tracking
... [PSI_DEFAULT_DISABLED]
&lt; &gt; <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable kernel headers through /sys/kernel/kheaders.tar.xz [IKHEADERS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>ontrol Group support ---&gt; [CGROUPS]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>mory controller [MEMCG]
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>PU controller ---&gt; [CGROUP_SCHED]
# This may cause some systemd features malfunction:
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>roup scheduling for SCHED_RR/FIFO [RT_GROUP_SCHED]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onfigure standard kernel features (expert users) ---&gt; [EXPERT]

<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>rocessor type and features ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>B</emphasis>uild a relocatable kernel [RELOCATABLE]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>R</emphasis>andomize the address of the kernel image (KASLR) [RANDOMIZE_BASE]

<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneral architecture-dependent options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>tack Protector buffer overflow detection [STACKPROTECTOR]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>trong Stack Protector [STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG]

[*] N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking support ---&gt; [NET]
N<emphasis role='blue'>e</emphasis>tworking options ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>CP/IP networking [INET]
&lt;*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>he IPv6 protocol ---&gt; [IPV6]

<emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>evice Drivers ---&gt;
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>eneric Driver Options ---&gt;
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>S</emphasis>upport for uevent helper [UEVENT_HELPER]
[*] M<emphasis role='blue'>a</emphasis>intain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [DEVTMPFS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>A</emphasis>utomount devtmpfs at /dev, after the kernel mounted the rootfs
... [DEVTMPFS_MOUNT]
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware loader ---&gt;
&lt; /*&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware loading facility [FW_LOADER]
[ ] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable the firmware sysfs fallback mechanism
... [FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]
<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>irmware Drivers ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>xport DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [DMIID]
<emphasis role='blue'>G</emphasis>raphics support ---&gt;
&lt; /*/M&gt; <emphasis role='blue'>D</emphasis>irect Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) ---&gt;
... [DRM]
# If [DRM] is selected as * or M, this must be selected:
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>E</emphasis>nable legacy fbdev support for your modesetting driver
... [DRM_FBDEV_EMULATION]
<emphasis role='blue'>C</emphasis>onsole display driver support ---&gt;
# If [DRM] is selected as * or M, this must be selected:
[ /*] <emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ramebuffer Console support [FRAMEBUFFER_CONSOLE]

<emphasis role='blue'>F</emphasis>ile systems ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>I</emphasis>notify support for userspace [INOTIFY_USER]
<emphasis role='blue'>P</emphasis>seudo filesystems ---&gt;
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>mpfs virtual memory file system support (former shm fs) [TMPFS]
[*] <emphasis role='blue'>T</emphasis>mpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&systemd-url;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_systemd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&systemd-url;
&systemd-url;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introductiond — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_theend — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The End
收尾工作
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/part3intro_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_creatingminlayout — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
In this section, we begin populating the LFS filesystem with the pieces that will constitute the final Linux system. The first step is to create a limited directory hierarchy, so that the programs compiled in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> (as well as glibc and libstdc++ in <xref linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/>) can be installed in their final location. We do this so those temporary programs will be overwritten when the final versions are built in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>.
在 LFS 分区中需要进行的第一项任务是，创建一个有限的目录树，使得在<xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>中编译的程序可以被安装到它们的最终位置。这样，在<xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>中重新构建它们时，就能直接覆盖这些临时程序。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_aboutsbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Many people would like to know beforehand approximately how long it takes to compile and install each package. Because Linux From Scratch can be built on many different systems, it is impossible to provide absolute time estimates. The biggest package (gcc) will take approximately 5 minutes on the fastest systems, but could take days on slower systems! Instead of providing actual times, the Standard Build Unit (SBU) measure will be used instead.
许多人想在编译和安装各个软件包之前，了解这一过程大概需要多少时间。由于 Linux From Scratch 可以在许多不同系统上构建，我们无法直接给出估计时间。例如，最大的软件包 (Glibc) 在最快的系统上只要大约 20 分钟就能构建好，而在一些较慢的系统上需要 3 天！因此，我们不提供实际时间，而是以标准构建单位 (SBU) 衡量时间。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_aboutdebug — English
Most programs and libraries are, by default, compiled with debugging symbols included (with <command>gcc</command>'s <parameter>-g</parameter> option). This means that when debugging a program or library that was compiled with debugging information, the debugger can provide not only memory addresses, but also the names of the routines and variables.
Most programs and libraries are, by default, compiled with debugging symbols included (with <command>gcc</command>'s <parameter>-g</parameter> option). This means that when debugging a program or library that was compiled with debugging information, the debugger can provide not only memory addresses, but also the names of the routines and variables.
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_architecture — English
The primary target architectures of LFS are the AMD/Intel x86 (32-bit) and x86_64 (64-bit) CPUs. On the other hand, the instructions in this book are also known to work, with some modifications, with the Power PC and ARM CPUs. To build a system that utilizes one of these alternative CPUs, the main prerequisite, in addition to those on the next page, is an existing Linux system such as an earlier LFS installation, Ubuntu, Red Hat/Fedora, SuSE, or some other distribution that targets that architecture. (Note that a 32-bit distribution can be installed and used as a host system on a 64-bit AMD/Intel computer.)
The primary target architectures of LFS are the AMD/Intel x86 (32-bit) and x86_64 (64-bit) CPUs. On the other hand, the instructions in this book are also known to work, with some modifications, with the Power PC and ARM CPUs. To build a system that utilizes one of these alternative CPUs, the main prerequisite, in addition to those on the next page, is an existing Linux system such as an earlier LFS installation, Ubuntu, Red Hat/Fedora, SuSE, or some other distribution that targets that architecture. (Note that a 32-bit distribution can be installed and used as a host system on a 64-bit AMD/Intel computer.)
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_architecture — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The primary target architectures of LFS are the AMD/Intel x86 (32-bit) and x86_64 (64-bit) CPUs. On the other hand, the instructions in this book are also known to work, with some modifications, with the Power PC and ARM CPUs. To build a system that utilizes one of these alternative CPUs, the main prerequisite, in addition to those on the next page, is an existing Linux system such as an earlier LFS installation, Ubuntu, Red Hat/Fedora, SuSE, or some other distribution that targets that architecture. (Note that a 32-bit distribution can be installed and used as a host system on a 64-bit AMD/Intel computer.)
LFS 的主要目标架构是 AMD/Intel 的 x86 (32 位) 和 x86_64 (64 位) CPU。此外，如果对本书中的一些指令作适当的修改，它们也应该适用于 Power PC 和 ARM 架构的 CPU。无论在其中哪种 CPU 上，构建 LFS 都至少需要一个现有的 Linux 系统，例如已经构建好的 LFS 系统，Ubuntu，Rad Hat/Fedora，SuSE，或者其他支持您的硬件架构的发行版，后文中还会介绍其他前提条件。另外，32 位发行版也能在 64 位的 AMD/Intel 计算机上正常运行，并作为 LFS 的构建环境。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_errata — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The software used to create an LFS system is constantly being updated and enhanced. Security warnings and bug fixes may become available after the LFS book has been released. To check whether the package versions or instructions in this release of LFS need any modifications&mdash;to repair security vulnerabilities or to fix other bugs&mdash;please visit <ulink url="&errata;"/> before proceeding with your build. You should note any changes shown and apply them to the relevant sections of the book as you build the LFS system.
用于构建 LFS 系统的软件处于不断更新和改进的过程中。在本书发布后，一些软件可能公布安全警告和漏洞修复补丁。为了确认本书提供的软件包版本或者构建命令是否需要修正，以反映最新的安全补丁或其他漏洞修复，请在开始构建 LFS 之前阅读 <ulink revision="sysv" url="&errata;"/> <ulink revision="systemd" url="&erratad;"/>。您应该关注勘误表列出的所有修正项，并在构建过程中注意对本书的相关章节进行修正。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Udev
Udev
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_chapter11 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The End
尾声
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_changelog — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This is version &version; of the Linux From Scratch book, dated &releasedate;. If this book is more than six months old, a newer and better version is probably already available. To find out, please check one of the mirrors via <ulink url="&lfs-root;mirrors.html"/>.
这是 Linux From Scratch 手册的 <phrase revision="sysv">&version;</phrase> <phrase revision="systemd">&versiond;</phrase> 版本，发布于 &releasedate;。如果该版本已经发布了六个月或更久，可能已经发布了更好的新版本。如果要查询是否有新版本，通过 <ulink url="&lfs-root;mirrors.html"/> 访问一个 LFS 镜像站。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_chapter01 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
引言
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_chroot — English
<userinput>chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \
MAKEFLAGS="-j<replaceable>$(nproc)</replaceable>" \
TESTSUITEFLAGS="-j<replaceable>$(nproc)</replaceable>" \
/bin/bash --login</userinput>
<userinput>chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \
MAKEFLAGS="-j<replaceable>$(nproc)</replaceable>" \
TESTSUITEFLAGS="-j<replaceable>$(nproc)</replaceable>" \
/bin/bash --login</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_chroot — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \
MAKEFLAGS="-j<replaceable>$(nproc)</replaceable>" \
TESTSUITEFLAGS="-j<replaceable>$(nproc)</replaceable>" \
/bin/bash --login</userinput>
<userinput>chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login +h</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_udev-rules — English
The rules in this appendix are listed for convenience. Installation is normally done via instructions in <xref linkend='ch-system-udev' role='.'/>
The rules in this appendix are listed for convenience. Installation is normally done via instructions in <xref linkend='ch-system-udev' role='.'/>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_udev-rules — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The rules in this appendix are listed for convenience. Installation is normally done via instructions in <xref linkend='ch-system-udev' role='.'/>
为了方便，在本附录中列出 udev 规则。它们的安装过程一般通过 <xref linkend='ch-system-eudev'/> 的命令完成。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_acknowledgments — English
We would like to thank the following people and organizations for their contributions to the Linux From Scratch Project.
We would like to thank the following people and organizations for their contributions to the Linux From Scratch Project.
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_acknowledgments — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
We would like to thank the following people and organizations for their contributions to the Linux From Scratch Project.
我们希望感谢以下人员和组织对 Linux From Scratch 项目作出的贡献：
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Wheel-&wheel-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_bc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Bc-&bc-version;
Bc-&bc-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Udev from Systemd-&systemd-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_readline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Readline-&readline-version;
Readline-&readline-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Pkgconf-&pkgconf-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_xz — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Xz-&xz-version;
Xz-&xz-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gdbm — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
GDBM-&gdbm-version;
GDBM-&gdbm-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Jinja2-&jinja2-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_expat — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Expat-&expat-version;
Expat-&expat-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_lz4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Lz4-&lz4-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_sysvinit — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
SysVinit-&sysvinit-version;
Sysvinit-&sysvinit-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_openssl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
OpenSSL-&openssl-version;
OpenSSL-&openssl-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_setuptools — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Setuptools-&setuptools-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_sysklogd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Sysklogd-&sysklogd-version;
Sysklogd-&sysklogd-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_less — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Less-&less-version;
Less-&less-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libelf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Libelf from Elfutils-&elfutils-version;
Elfutils-&elfutils-version; 中的 Libelf
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libcap — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Libcap-&libcap-version;
Libcap-&libcap-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_iana-etc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Iana-Etc-&iana-etc-version;
Iana-Etc-&iana-etc-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
usage
用法
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introductiond — English
<xref linkend="ch-config-network" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-network" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introductiond — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<xref linkend="ch-config-network" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-network"/>。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
usage
usage
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_xz — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Xz-&xz-version;
Xz-&xz-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_fstab — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/fstab &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/fstab

# file system mount-point type options dump fsck
# order

/dev/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> / <replaceable>&lt;fff&gt;</replaceable> defaults 1 1
/dev/<replaceable>&lt;yyy&gt;</replaceable> swap swap pri=1 0 0
proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0
cgroup2 /sys/fs/cgroup cgroup2 nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0

# End /etc/fstab</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/fstab &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/fstab

# 文件系统 挂载点 类型 选项 转储 检查
# 顺序

/dev/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> / <replaceable>&lt;fff&gt;</replaceable> defaults 1 1
/dev/<replaceable>&lt;yyy&gt;</replaceable> swap swap pri=1 0 0
proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0

# End /etc/fstab</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_creatingminlayout — English
<userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{etc,var} $LFS/usr/{bin,lib,sbin}

for i in bin lib sbin; do
ln -sv usr/$i $LFS/$i
done

case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) mkdir -pv $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac</userinput>
<userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{etc,var} $LFS/usr/{bin,lib,sbin}

for i in bin lib sbin; do
ln -sv usr/$i $LFS/$i
done

case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) mkdir -pv $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_creatingminlayout — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{etc,var} $LFS/usr/{bin,lib,sbin}

for i in bin lib sbin; do
ln -sv usr/$i $LFS/$i
done

case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) mkdir -pv $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac</userinput>
<userinput>mkdir -pv $LFS/{bin,etc,lib,sbin,usr,var}
case $(uname -m) in
x86_64) mkdir -pv $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_settingenviron — English
When logged on as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, or when switched to the &lfs-user; user using an <command>su</command> command with the <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> option, the initial shell is a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which reads the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> of the host (probably containing some settings and environment variables) and then <filename>.bash_profile</filename>. The <command>exec env -i.../bin/bash</command> command in the <filename>.bash_profile</filename> file replaces the running shell with a new one with a completely empty environment, except for the <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar>, and <envar>PS1</envar> variables. This ensures that no unwanted and potentially hazardous environment variables from the host system leak into the build environment.
When logged on as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, or when switched to the &lfs-user; user using an <command>su</command> command with the <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> option, the initial shell is a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which reads the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> of the host (probably containing some settings and environment variables) and then <filename>.bash_profile</filename>. The <command>exec env -i.../bin/bash</command> command in the <filename>.bash_profile</filename> file replaces the running shell with a new one with a completely empty environment, except for the <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar>, and <envar>PS1</envar> variables. This ensures that no unwanted and potentially hazardous environment variables from the host system leak into the build environment.
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_settingenviron — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
When logged on as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, or when switched to the &lfs-user; user using an <command>su</command> command with the <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> option, the initial shell is a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which reads the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> of the host (probably containing some settings and environment variables) and then <filename>.bash_profile</filename>. The <command>exec env -i.../bin/bash</command> command in the <filename>.bash_profile</filename> file replaces the running shell with a new one with a completely empty environment, except for the <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar>, and <envar>PS1</envar> variables. This ensures that no unwanted and potentially hazardous environment variables from the host system leak into the build environment.
在以 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 用户登录时，初始的 shell 一般是一个<emphasis>登录</emphasis> shell。它读取宿主系统的 <filename>/etc/profile</filename> 文件 (可能包含一些设置和环境变量)，然后读取 <filename>.bash_profile</filename>。我们在 <filename>.bash_profile</filename> 中使用 <command>exec env -i.../bin/bash</command> 命令，新建一个除了 <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar> 以及 <envar>PS1</envar> 外没有任何环境变量的 shell，替换当前 shell，防止宿主环境中不必要和有潜在风险的环境变量进入编译环境。通过使用以上技巧，我们创建了一个干净环境。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Udev
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Pkgconf
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_dbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
D-Bus
D-Bus
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
MarkupSafe
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Jinja2
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_openssl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
OpenSSL
OpenSSL
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_audience — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Another key benefit of LFS is that it gives you control of the system without relying on someone else's Linux implementation. With LFS, you are in the driver's seat. <emphasis>You</emphasis> dictate every aspect of your system.
LFS 的另一个关键优势是，它允许您更好地控制您的系统，而不用依赖于其他人的 Linux 实现。您就像坐在驾驶座上一样，完全掌控系统的各个方面。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introductiond — English
<xref linkend="ch-config-hostname" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-hostname" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introductiond — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<xref linkend="ch-config-hostname" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-hostname"/>。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Some environment variables are necessary for native language support. Setting them properly results in:
下面将创建的 <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> 设定本地语言支持需要的若干环境变量，正确设定它们可以带来以下好处：
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_systemd-custom — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <filename>/etc/systemd/system.conf</filename> file contains a set of options to control basic systemd operations. The default file has all entries commented out with the default settings indicated. This file is where the log level may be changed as well as some basic logging settings. See the <ulink role='man' url='&man;systemd-system.conf.5'>systemd-system.conf(5)</ulink> manual page for details on each configuration option.
<filename>/etc/systemd/system.conf</filename> 文件包含一组控制 systemd 基本功能的选项。默认文件中所有条目都被注释掉，并标明了默认值。可以在这里修改日志级别，以及其他一些基本日志设定。参阅 <filename>systemd-system.conf(5)</filename> man 手册页面了解每个选项的详细信息。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_introduction — English
Once again, let us recall that improper setting of <envar>LFS</envar> together with building as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, may render your computer unusable. This whole chapter must be done as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, with the environment as described in <xref linkend="ch-preps-settingenviron" role='.'/>
Once again, let us recall that improper setting of <envar>LFS</envar> together with building as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, may render your computer unusable. This whole chapter must be done as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, with the environment as described in <xref linkend="ch-preps-settingenviron" role='.'/>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Once again, let us recall that improper setting of <envar>LFS</envar> together with building as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, may render your computer unusable. This whole chapter must be done as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, with the environment as described in <xref linkend="ch-preps-settingenviron" role='.'/>
再一次地，请注意如果 <envar>LFS</envar> 环境变量设置错误，而且使用 root 用户身份构建，可能导致您的电脑完全无法使用。本章应该以用户 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem> 身份完成，且环境变量应该如同<xref linkend="ch-preps-settingenviron"/>所述设置。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_packages — English
Download or otherwise obtain the following packages:
Download or otherwise obtain the following packages:
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_packages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Download or otherwise obtain the following packages:
下载或者用其他方法获取下列软件包。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_acknowledgments — Spanish
<ulink url="mailto:gerard@linuxfromscratch.org">Gerard Beekmans</ulink> &lt;gerard@linuxfromscratch.org&gt; &ndash; LFS Creator
<ulink url="mailto:gerard@linuxfromscratch.org">Gerard Beekmans</ulink> &lt;gerard@linuxfromscratch.org&gt; &ndash; Creador de LFS.
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_askforhelp — Spanish
If an issue or a question is encountered while working through this book, please check the FAQ page at <ulink url="&faq-root;#generalfaq"/>. Questions are often already answered there. If your question is not answered on that page, try to find the source of the problem. The following hint will give you some guidance for troubleshooting: <ulink url="&hints-root;errors.txt"/>.
Si se encuentra con algún problema o alguna duda durante su trabajo con este libro, por favor, consulte la página de PMF en <ulink url="&faq-root;#generalfaq"/>. Muchas preguntas a menudo ya están respondidas allí. Si su pregunta no se encuentra respondida en dicha página, intente encontrar la fuente del problema. La siguiente indicación le proporcionará guías para la resolución de problemas: <ulink url="&hints-root;errors.txt"/>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Start a disk partitioning program such as <command>cfdisk</command> or <command>fdisk</command> with a command line option naming the hard disk on which the new partition will be created&mdash;for example <filename class="devicefile">/dev/sda</filename> for the primary disk drive. Create a Linux native partition and a <systemitem class="filesystem">swap</systemitem> partition, if needed. Please refer to <ulink role='man' url='&man;cfdisk.8'>cfdisk(8)</ulink> or <ulink role='man' url='&man;fdisk.8'>fdisk(8)</ulink> if you do not yet know how to use the programs.
启动一个磁盘分区程序，例如 <command>cfdisk</command> 或者<command>fdisk</command>。在启动分区程序时需要一个命令行参数，表示希望创建新分区的硬盘，例如主硬盘 <filename class="devicefile">/dev/sda</filename>。创建一个 Linux 原生分区，如果有必要的话再创建一个 <systemitem class="filesystem">swap</systemitem> 分区。请参考 <filename>cfdisk(8)</filename> 或者 <filename>fdisk(8)</filename> 来学习如何使用分区程序。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_hostreqs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Your host system should have the following software with the minimum versions indicated. This should not be an issue for most modern Linux distributions. Also note that many distributions will place software headers into separate packages, often in the form of <literal><replaceable>&lt;package-name&gt;</replaceable>-devel</literal> or <literal><replaceable>&lt;package-name&gt;</replaceable>-dev</literal>. Be sure to install those if your distribution provides them.
您的宿主系统必须拥有下列软件，且版本不能低于我们给出的最低版本。对于大多数现代 Linux 发行版来说这不成问题。要注意的是，很多发行版会把软件的头文件放在单独的软件包中，这些软件包的名称往往是 <quote>&lt;软件包名&gt;-devel</quote> 或者 <quote>&lt;软件包名&gt;-dev</quote>。如果您的发行版为下列软件提供了这类软件包，一定要安装它们。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_stages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Procedures performed as the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user after Section 2.4 must have the LFS environment variable set <emphasis>FOR THE ROOT USER</emphasis>.
在第 2.4 节之后，以 root 用户身份执行的步骤要求 LFS 环境变量已经 <emphasis>为 root 用户</emphasis>设置好。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Introduction
概述
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The Kmod package contains libraries and utilities for loading kernel modules
Kmod 软件包包含用于加载内核模块的库和工具。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_findutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The Findutils package contains programs to find files. Programs are provided to search through all the files in a directory tree and to create, maintain, and search a database (often faster than the recursive find, but unreliable unless the database has been updated recently). Findutils also supplies the <command>xargs</command> program, which can be used to run a specified command on each file selected by a search.
Findutils 软件包包含用于查找文件的程序。这些程序能够递归地搜索目录树，以及创建、维护和搜索文件数据库 (一般比递归搜索快，但在数据库最近没有更新时不可靠)。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Tcl-&tcl-version;
Tcl-&tcl-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introductiond — English
<xref linkend="ch-config-hosts" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-hosts" role="."/>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introductiond — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<xref linkend="ch-config-hosts" role="."/>
<xref linkend="ch-config-hosts"/>。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_theend — English
Well done! The new LFS system is installed! We wish you much success with your shiny new custom-built Linux system.
Well done! The new LFS system is installed! We wish you much success with your shiny new custom-built Linux system.
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_theend — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Well done! The new LFS system is installed! We wish you much success with your shiny new custom-built Linux system.
很好！现在新的 LFS 系统已经安装好了！我们祝愿您的全新的，自定义的 Linux 系统能够成功启动！
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_texinfo — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&buildtime;
&buildtime;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_mounting — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the LFS partition.
将 <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> 替换成 LFS 分区的代号。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&buildtime;
&buildtime;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_chroot — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
From this point on, there is no need to use the <envar>LFS</envar> variable any more because all work will be restricted to the LFS file system; the <command>chroot</command> command runs the Bash shell with the root (<filename class="directory">/</filename>) directory set to <filename class='directory'>$LFS</filename>.
从现在开始，就不再需要使用 <envar>LFS</envar> 环境变量，因为所有工作都被局限在 LFS 文件系统内。这是由于 Bash 被告知 <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> 现在是根目录 (<filename class="directory">/</filename>)。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_gettext — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&buildtime;
&buildtime;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&buildtime;
&buildtime;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_bison — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&buildtime;
&buildtime;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&buildtime;
&buildtime;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_fstab — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable>, <replaceable>&lt;yyy&gt;</replaceable>, and <replaceable>&lt;fff&gt;</replaceable> with the values appropriate for the system, for example, <filename class="partition">sda2</filename>, <filename class="partition">sda5</filename>, and <systemitem class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem>. For details on the six fields in this file, see <ulink role='man' url='&man;fstab.5'>fstab(5)</ulink>.
将 <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable>、<replaceable>&lt;yyy&gt;</replaceable> 和 <replaceable>&lt;fff&gt;</replaceable> 替换为适用于您的系统的值，例如 <filename class="partition">sda2</filename>、<filename class="partition">sda5</filename> 和 <systemitem class="filesystem">ext4</systemitem>。参阅 <command>man 5 fstab</command> 了解该文件中 6 个域的详细信息。