Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_sed — Spanish
sed
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_readline — Spanish
The meaning of the make option:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_pkgconf — Spanish
Installed directory
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_coreutils — Spanish
The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from installing programs that will be installed by other packages.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_xz — Spanish
Installed directories
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_bash — Spanish
<userinput remap="test">su -s /usr/bin/expect tester &lt;&lt; "EOF"
set timeout -1
spawn make tests
expect eof
lassign [wait] _ _ _ value
exit $value
EOF</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_dbus — Spanish
Many tests are disabled because they require additional packages that are not included in LFS. Instructions for running the comprehensive test suite can be found in <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/dbus.html">the BLFS book</ulink>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gdbm — Spanish
Contents of GDBM
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_attr — Spanish
Installed directories
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gettext — Spanish
Installed directories
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Spanish
To run the tests, issue:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_expat — Spanish
Installed program
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_ncurses — Spanish
<parameter>--enable-pc-files</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_binutils — Spanish
<parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_bzip2 — Spanish
Compile and test the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_python — Spanish
For a relatively slow system you may need to increase the time limit and 1 SBU (measured when building Binutils pass 1 with one CPU core) should be enough. Some tests are flaky, so the test suite will automatically re-run failed tests. If a test failed but then passed when re-run, it should be considered as passed.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_openssl — Spanish
If desired, install some additional documentation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_bison — Spanish
Installed directory
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gawk — Spanish
<command>rm -f /usr/bin/gawk-&gawk-version;</command>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_procps — Spanish
One test named <literal>ps with output flag bsdtime,cputime,etime,etimes</literal> is known to fail if the host kernel is not built with <literal>CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT</literal> enabled.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_automake — Spanish
Installed directories
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_inetutils — Spanish
<parameter>--disable-servers</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_zlib — Spanish
Installed libraries
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_flit-core — Spanish
<command>install</command>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_sysklogd — Spanish
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/syslog.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/syslog.conf

auth,authpriv.* -/var/log/auth.log
*.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/sys.log
daemon.* -/var/log/daemon.log
kern.* -/var/log/kern.log
mail.* -/var/log/mail.log
user.* -/var/log/user.log
*.emerg *

# Do not open any internet ports.
secure_mode 2

# End /etc/syslog.conf</literal>
EOF</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_man-db — Spanish
These parameters prevent installing unneeded systemd directories and files.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_systemd — Spanish
<parameter>-D install-tests=false</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_less — Spanish
Contents of Less
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_acl — Spanish
chacl, getfacl, and setfacl
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_pkgmgt — Spanish
Yes, this is a package management technique. Some folks do not need a package manager because they know the packages intimately and know which files are installed by each package. Some users also do not need any package management because they plan on rebuilding the entire system whenever a package is changed.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libtool — Spanish
Contents of Libtool
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_tar — Spanish
<userinput remap="install">make install
make -C doc install-html docdir=/usr/share/doc/tar-&tar-version;</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libelf — Spanish
Installed directory
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_shadow — Spanish
The meaning of the new configuration options:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_standards — Spanish
Libxml2, Libxslt
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_groff — Spanish
Installed directories
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_file — Spanish
file
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_vim — Spanish
<userinput remap="test">su tester -c "TERM=xterm-256color LANG=en_US.UTF-8 make -j1 test" \
&amp;> vim-test.log</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libcap — Spanish
Contents of Libcap
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_iana-etc — Spanish
Provides a mapping between friendly textual names for internet services, and their underlying assigned port numbers and protocol types
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_typography — Spanish
This format is used to refer to a specific manual (man) page. The number inside parentheses indicates a specific section inside the manuals. For example, <command>passwd</command> has two man pages. Per LFS installation instructions, those two man pages will be located at <filename>/usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1</filename> and <filename>/usr/share/man/man5/passwd.5</filename>. When the book uses <ulink role='man' url='&man;/passwd.5'>passwd(5)</ulink> it is specifically referring to <filename>/usr/share/man/man5/passwd.5</filename>. <command>man passwd</command> will print the first man page it finds that matches <quote>passwd,</quote> which will be <filename>/usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1</filename>. For this example, you will need to run <command>man 5 passwd</command> in order to read the page being specified. Note that most man pages do not have duplicate page names in different sections. Therefore, <command>man <replaceable>&lt;program name&gt;</replaceable></command> is generally sufficient. In the LFS book these references to man pages are also hyperlinks, so clicking on such a reference will open the man page rendered in HTML from <ulink url='https://man.archlinux.org/'>Arch Linux manual pages</ulink>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_why — Spanish
This package provides a test harness for other programs.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_networkd — Spanish
The command below creates a basic configuration file for a Static IP setup (using both systemd-networkd and systemd-resolved):
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_consoled — Spanish
<userinput>localectl set-keymap MAP</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_udev — Spanish
Handling Hotpluggable/Dynamic Devices
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_clock — Spanish
Starting with version 213, systemd ships a daemon called <command>systemd-timesyncd</command> which can be used to synchronize the system time with remote NTP servers.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_network — Spanish
Replace <replaceable>&lt;IP address of the nameserver&gt;</replaceable> with the IP address of the DNS most appropriate for the setup. There will often be more than one entry (requirements demand secondary servers for fallback capability). If you only need or want one DNS server, remove the second <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> line from the file. The IP address may also be a router on the local network.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_usage — Spanish
The real scripts are in <filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d/init.d</filename>. They do the actual work, and the symlinks all point to them. K links and S links point to the same script in <filename class="directory">/etc/rc.d/init.d</filename>. This is because the scripts can be called with different parameters like <parameter>start</parameter>, <parameter>stop</parameter>, <parameter>restart</parameter>, <parameter>reload</parameter>, and <parameter>status</parameter>. When a K link is encountered, the appropriate script is run with the <parameter>stop</parameter> argument. When an S link is encountered, the appropriate script is run with the <parameter>start</parameter> argument.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_locale — Spanish
Other packages can also function incorrectly (but may not necessarily display any error messages) if the locale name does not meet their expectations. In those cases, investigating how other Linux distributions support your locale might provide some useful information.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_symlinks — Spanish
Even if the custom udev rule file is created, udev may still assign one or more alternative names for a NIC based on physical characteristics. If a custom udev rule would rename some NIC using a name already assigned as an alternative name of another NIC, this udev rule will fail. If this issue happens, you may create the <filename>/etc/udev/network/99-default.link</filename> configuration file with an empty alternative assignment policy, overriding the default configuration file <filename>/usr/lib/udev/network/99-default.link</filename>:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_bootscripts — Spanish
checkfs
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_systemd-custom — Spanish
<userinput>mkdir -p /etc/tmpfiles.d
cp /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/tmp.conf /etc/tmpfiles.d</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_coreutils — Spanish
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-coreutils" role="."/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_bash — Spanish
Details on this package are located in <xref linkend="contents-bash" role="."/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_gcc-pass2 — Spanish
<userinput remap="configure">../configure \
--build=$(../config.guess) \
--host=$LFS_TGT \
--target=$LFS_TGT \
LDFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-L$PWD/$LFS_TGT/libgcc \
--prefix=/usr \
--with-build-sysroot=$LFS \
--enable-default-pie \
--enable-default-ssp \
--disable-nls \
--disable-multilib \
--disable-libatomic \
--disable-libgomp \
--disable-libquadmath \
--disable-libsanitizer \
--disable-libssp \
--disable-libvtv \
--enable-languages=c,c++</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_ncurses — Spanish
<parameter>--without-normal</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_reboot — Spanish
<userinput>umount -v $LFS/home
umount -v $LFS</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_afterlfs — Spanish
Work from the LFS command line
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Spanish
<parameter>--with-glibc-version=&glibc-version;</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_libstdc__ — Spanish
<parameter>--with-gxx-include-dir=/tools/$LFS_TGT/include/c++/&gcc-version;</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — Spanish
<parameter>--with-sysroot=$LFS</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_packages — Spanish
Home page: <ulink url="&bash-home;"/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_patches — Spanish
In addition to the above required patches, there exist a number of optional patches created by the LFS community. These optional patches solve minor problems or enable functionality that is not enabled by default. Feel free to peruse the patches database located at <ulink url="&lfs-root;patches/downloads/"/> and acquire any additional patches to suit your system needs.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_changelog — Spanish
[bdubbs] - Update to iana-etc-20240801. Addresses <ulink url='&lfs-ticket-root;5006'>#5006</ulink>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_whatsnew — Spanish
Libelf from Elfutils-&elfutils-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/part3intro_generalinstructions — Spanish
Change to the directory created when the package was extracted.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Spanish
A
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>localedef -i C -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Because the backup archive is compressed, it takes a relatively long time (over 10 minutes) even on a reasonably fast system.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <command>insmod</command> commands load the <application>GRUB</application> modules named <filename>part_gpt</filename> and <filename>ext2</filename>. Despite the naming, <filename>ext2</filename> actually supports <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext2</systemitem>, <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext3</systemitem>, and <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext4</systemitem> filesystems. The <command>grub-install</command> command has embedded some modules into the main <application>GRUB</application> image (installed into the MBR or the GRUB BIOS partition) to access the other modules (in <filename class='directory'>/boot/grub/i386-pc</filename>) without a chicken-or-egg issue, so with a typical configuration these two modules are already embedded and those two <command>insmod</command> commands will do nothing. But they do no harm anyway, and they may be needed with some rare configurations.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_kmod — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Install the package and recreate some symlinks for compatibility with Module-Init-Tools (the package that previously handled Linux kernel modules). The building system will create all these symlinks in <filename class='directory'>/usr/bin</filename>, but we only want <command>lsmod</command> there and all other symlinks in <filename class='directory'>/usr/sbin</filename> instead:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<parameter>-D mode=release</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_psmisc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
pkgconf, pkg-config (link to pkgconf), and bomtool
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_make — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_bash — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The test suite uses <command>diff</command> to detect the difference between test script output and the expected output. Any output from <command>diff</command> (prefixed with <computeroutput>&lt;</computeroutput> and <computeroutput>&gt;</computeroutput>) indicates a test failure, unless there is a message saying the difference can be ignored. One test named <filename>run-builtins</filename> is known to fail on some host distros with a difference on the first line of the output.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_patch — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libpipeline — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput remap="test">make check</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_xml-parser — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_dejagnu — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_lz4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gawk — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The building system will not recreate the hard link <filename>gawk-&gawk-version;</filename> if it already exists. Remove it to ensure that the previous hard link installed in <xref linkend='ch-tools-gawk'/> is updated here.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_m4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This command installs the package.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gzip — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_diffutils — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_symlinks — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>sed -e '/^AlternativeNamesPolicy/s/=.*$/=/' \
/usr/lib/udev/network/99-default.link \
> /etc/udev/network/99-default.link</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This method requires installing <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/libtasn1.html">libtasn1</ulink>, <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/p11-kit.html">p11-kit</ulink>, <ulink url="&blfs-book;postlfs/make-ca.html">make-ca</ulink>, <ulink url="&blfs-book;basicnet/wget.html">wget</ulink>, <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/gpm.html">gpm</ulink>, and <ulink url="&blfs-book;basicnet/links.html">links</ulink> (or <ulink url="&blfs-book;basicnet/lynx.html">lynx</ulink>) in chroot and then rebooting into the new LFS system. At this point the default system has six virtual consoles. Switching consoles is as easy as using the <keycombo> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap>Fx</keycap> </keycombo> key combinations where <keycap>Fx</keycap> is between <keycap>F1</keycap> and <keycap>F6</keycap>. The <keycombo> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap function='left'/> </keycombo> and <keycombo> <keycap>Alt</keycap> <keycap function='right'/> </keycombo> combinations also will change the console.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_linux-headers — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This option specifies the version of Glibc which will be used on the target. It is not relevant to the libc of the host distro because everything compiled by pass1 GCC will run in the chroot environment, which is isolated from libc of the host distro.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_libstdc__ — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This specifies the installation directory for include files. Because Libstdc++ is the standard C++ library for LFS, this directory should match the location where the C++ compiler (<command>$LFS_TGT-g++</command>) would search for the standard C++ include files. In a normal build, this information is automatically passed to the Libstdc++ <command>configure</command> options from the top level directory. In our case, this information must be explicitly given. The C++ compiler will prepend the sysroot path <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> (specified when building GCC-pass1) to the include file search path, so it will actually search in <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools/$LFS_TGT/include/c++/&gcc-version;</filename>. The combination of the <parameter>DESTDIR</parameter> variable (in the <command>make install</command> command below) and this switch causes the headers to be installed there.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_hostreqs — Spanish
<emphasis role="strong">Patch-2.5.4</emphasis>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_creatingpartition — Spanish
/home &ndash; Highly recommended. Share your home directory and user customization across multiple distributions or LFS builds. The size is generally fairly large and depends on available disk space.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_createfiles — Spanish
<userinput>localedef -i C -f UTF-8 C.UTF-8</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_cleanup — Spanish
Because the backup archive is compressed, it takes a relatively long time (over 10 minutes) even on a reasonably fast system.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish
If used, be sure to replace <replaceable>&lt;host_LANG_value&gt;</replaceable> by the value of the <envar>$LANG</envar> variable from your host. You can alternatively use instead the host's value of <envar>$LC_ALL</envar> or <envar>$LC_CTYPE</envar>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish
The <command>insmod</command> commands load the <application>GRUB</application> modules named <filename>part_gpt</filename> and <filename>ext2</filename>. Despite the naming, <filename>ext2</filename> actually supports <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext2</systemitem>, <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext3</systemitem>, and <systemitem class='filesystem'>ext4</systemitem> filesystems. The <command>grub-install</command> command has embedded some modules into the main <application>GRUB</application> image (installed into the MBR or the GRUB BIOS partition) to access the other modules (in <filename class='directory'>/boot/grub/i386-pc</filename>) without a chicken-or-egg issue, so with a typical configuration these two modules are already embedded and those two <command>insmod</command> commands will do nothing. But they do no harm anyway, and they may be needed with some rare configurations.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_dependencies — Spanish
Bash, Coreutils, Grep, M4, Make, Perl, Sed, and Texinfo
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_creat-comm — Spanish
The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats. All rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved, including but not limited to the rights set forth in Sections 4(e) and 4(f).