Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Note that the last three commands in the script are commented out. These are useful if those directories are mounted as separate partitions on the host system and will be mounted when booting the completed LFS/BLFS system.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_glibc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The above command is correct. The <command>ln</command> command has several syntactic versions, so be sure to check <command>info coreutils ln</command> and <ulink role='man' url='&man;ln.1'>ln(1)</ulink> before reporting what may appear to be an error.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_stages — Spanish
The virtual file systems must be mounted. This can be done before or after entering chroot by changing to a host virtual terminal and, as <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, running the commands in <xref linkend='ch-tools-bindmount'/> and <xref linkend='ch-tools-kernfsmount' role='.'/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_hostreqs — Spanish
<emphasis role="strong">Gawk-4.0.1</emphasis> (/usr/bin/awk should be a link to gawk)
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_mounting — Spanish
If you are using a <systemitem class="filesystem">swap</systemitem> partition, ensure that it is enabled using the <command>swapon</command> command:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_creatingpartition — Spanish
Most distributions automatically create a swap partition. Generally the recommended size of the swap partition is about twice the amount of physical RAM, however this is rarely needed. If disk space is limited, hold the swap partition to two gigabytes and monitor the amount of disk swapping.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_creatingfilesystem — Spanish
Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the LFS partition.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_createfiles — Spanish
Create the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file by running the following command:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish
The meaning of the mount options for devpts:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_cleanup — Spanish
If you have decided to make a backup, leave the chroot environment:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_perl — Spanish
The meaning of the Configure options:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_kernel — Spanish
For general information on kernel configuration see <ulink url="&hints-root;kernel-configuration.txt"/>. Additional information about configuring and building the kernel can be found at <ulink url="&anduin-sources;/kernel-nutshell/"/>. These references are a bit dated, but still give a reasonable overview of the process.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_gettext — Spanish
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --disable-shared</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_python — Spanish
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--enable-shared \
--without-ensurepip</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish
The location of the boot partition is a choice of the user that affects the configuration. One recommendation is to have a separate small (suggested size is 200 MB) partition just for boot information. That way each build, whether LFS or some commercial distro, can access the same boot files and access can be made from any booted system. If you choose to do this, you will need to mount the separate partition, move all files in the current <filename class="directory">/boot</filename> directory (e.g. the Linux kernel you just built in the previous section) to the new partition. You will then need to unmount the partition and remount it as <filename class="directory">/boot</filename>. If you do this, be sure to update <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_fstab — Spanish
It is possible to make the ext3 filesystem reliable across power failures for some hard disk types. To do this, add the <option>barrier=1</option> mount option to the appropriate entry in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>. To check if the disk drive supports this option, run <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/hdparm.html">hdparm</ulink> on the applicable disk drive. For example, if:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_dependencies — Spanish
Automake, Diffutils, Findutils, and Libtool
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_creat-comm — Spanish
"Original Author" means the individual or entity who created the Work.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_acknowledgments — Spanish
<ulink url="mailto:johan@linuxfromscratch.org">Johan Lenglet</ulink> &lt;johan@linuxfromscratch.org&gt; &ndash; French LFS translation project until 2008
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_settingenviron — Spanish
The <envar>LFS</envar> variable should be set to the chosen mount point.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_addinguser — Spanish
<parameter>lfs</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_intltool — Spanish
The above regular expression looks unusual because of all the backslashes. What it does is add a backslash before the right brace character in the sequence '\${' resulting in '\$\{'.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_wheel — Spanish
Install Wheel with the following command:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gmp — Spanish
The default settings of GMP produce libraries optimized for the host processor. If libraries suitable for processors less capable than the host's CPU are desired, generic libraries can be created by appending the <option>--host=none-linux-gnu</option> option to the <command>configure</command> command.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libffi — Spanish
Prepare Libffi for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gcc — Spanish
The GCC documentation recommends building GCC in a dedicated build directory:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_mpc — Spanish
Compile the package and generate the HTML documentation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_zstd — Spanish
In the test output there are several places that indicate 'failed'. These are expected and only 'FAIL' is an actual test failure. There should be no test failures.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_util-linux — Spanish
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --bindir=/usr/bin \
--libdir=/usr/lib \
--runstatedir=/run \
--sbindir=/usr/sbin \
--disable-chfn-chsh \
--disable-login \
--disable-nologin \
--disable-su \
--disable-setpriv \
--disable-runuser \
--disable-pylibmount \
--disable-liblastlog2 \
--disable-static \
--without-python \
ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_check — Spanish
Build the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_glibc — Spanish
The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc in a dedicated build directory:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_man-pages — Spanish
Install Man-pages by running:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_markupsafe — Spanish
This package does not come with a test suite.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_udev — Spanish
<userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/GROUP="render"/GROUP="video"/' \
-e 's/GROUP="sgx", //' rules.d/50-udev-default.rules.in</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_grub — Spanish
<userinput remap='pre'>unset {C,CPP,CXX,LD}FLAGS</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_expect — Spanish
This command should output <computeroutput>ok</computeroutput>. If, instead, the output includes <computeroutput>OSError: out of pty devices</computeroutput>, then the environment is not set up for proper PTY operation. You need to exit from the chroot environment, read <xref linkend='ch-tools-kernfs'/> again, and ensure the <systemitem class="filesystem">devpts</systemitem> file system (and other virtual kernel file systems) mounted correctly. Then reenter the chroot environment following <xref linkend='ch-tools-chroot'/>. This issue needs to be resolved before continuing, or the test suites requiring Expect (for example the test suites of Bash, Binutils, GCC, GDBM, and of course Expect itself) will fail catastrophically, and other subtle breakages may also happen.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_tcl — Spanish
This package and the next two (Expect and DejaGNU) are installed to support running the test suites for Binutils, GCC and other packages. Installing three packages for testing purposes may seem excessive, but it is very reassuring, if not essential, to know that the most important tools are working properly.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_mpfr — Spanish
Compile the package and generate the HTML documentation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_sed — Spanish
Compile the package and generate the HTML documentation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_perl — Spanish
To have full control over the way Perl is set up, you can remove the <quote>-des</quote> options from the following command and hand-pick the way this package is built. Alternatively, use the command exactly as shown below to use the defaults that Perl auto-detects:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_readline — Spanish
Prevent hard coding library search paths (rpath) into the shared libraries. This package does not need rpath for an installation into the standard location, and rpath may sometimes cause unwanted effects or even security issues:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_coreutils — Spanish
Many bugs have been found in this patch. When reporting new bugs to the Coreutils maintainers, please check first to see if those bugs are reproducible without this patch.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gdbm — Spanish
The meaning of the configure option:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_ninja — Spanish
Using the <emphasis>optional</emphasis> procedure below allows a user to limit the number of parallel processes via an environment variable, NINJAJOBS. <emphasis role="bold">For example</emphasis>, setting: <placeholder type="screen" id="0"/> will limit <command>ninja</command> to four parallel processes.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_e2fsprogs — Spanish
Prepare E2fsprogs for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libxcrypt — Spanish
The meaning of the new configure options:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_ncurses — Spanish
The meaning of the new configure options:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_binutils — Spanish
Prepare Binutils for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_meson — Spanish
The test suite requires some packages outside the scope of LFS.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_dejagnu — Spanish
Prepare DejaGNU for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_bzip2 — Spanish
The following command ensures installation of symbolic links are relative:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_gawk — Spanish
Prepare Gawk for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_procps — Spanish
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/procps-ng-&procps-ng-version; \
--disable-static \
--disable-kill \
--with-systemd</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_inetutils — Spanish
Prepare Inetutils for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_man-db — Spanish
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--docdir=/usr/share/doc/man-db-&man-db-version; \
--sysconfdir=/etc \
--disable-setuid \
--enable-cache-owner=bin \
--with-browser=/usr/bin/lynx \
--with-vgrind=/usr/bin/vgrind \
--with-grap=/usr/bin/grap \
--with-systemdtmpfilesdir= \
--with-systemdsystemunitdir=</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_systemd — Spanish
Prepare systemd for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_pkgmgt — Spanish
If a package containing a shared library is updated, and the name of the library doesn't change, but the version number of the library <emphasis role="bold">file</emphasis> decreases (for example, the library is still named <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename>, but the name of the library file is changed from <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1.25</filename> to <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1.24</filename>), you should remove the library file from the previously installed version (<filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1.25</filename> in this case). Otherwise, a <command>ldconfig</command> command (invoked by yourself from the command line, or by the installation of some package) will reset the symlink <filename class='libraryfile'>libfoo.so.1</filename> to point to the old library file because it seems to be a <quote>newer</quote> version; its version number is larger. This situation may arise if you have to downgrade a package, or if the authors change the versioning scheme for library files.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_kbd — Spanish
After patching, the backspace key generates the character with code 127, and the delete key generates a well-known escape sequence.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_tar — Spanish
The meaning of the configure option:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libelf — Spanish
<userinput remap="configure">./configure --prefix=/usr \
--disable-debuginfod \
--enable-libdebuginfod=dummy</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_grep — Spanish
Prepare Grep for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_shadow — Spanish
Disable the installation of the <command>groups</command> program and its man pages, as Coreutils provides a better version. Also, prevent the installation of manual pages that were already installed in <xref linkend="ch-system-man-pages"/>:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_standards — Spanish
<emphasis>LSB Desktop:</emphasis>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_groff — Spanish
<userinput remap="configure">PAGE=<replaceable>&lt;paper_size&gt;</replaceable> ./configure --prefix=/usr</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_vim — Spanish
First, change the default location of the <filename>vimrc</filename> configuration file to <filename class="directory">/etc</filename>:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_iana-etc — Spanish
Contents of Iana-Etc
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_typography — Spanish
<ulink url="&lfs-root;"/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_why — Spanish
Bc
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_bookinfo — Spanish
Copyright &copy; &copyrightdate;, Gerard Beekmans
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_networkd — Spanish
For most systems, there is only one network interface for each type of connection. For example, the classic interface name for a wired connection is eth0. A wireless connection will usually have the name wifi0 or wlan0.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introductiond — Spanish
<xref linkend="ch-config-locale" role="."/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_consoled — Spanish
FONT_MAP
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_udev — Spanish
The <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> filesystem was mentioned briefly above. One may wonder how <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> knows about the devices present on a system and what device numbers should be used for them. Drivers that have been compiled into the kernel register their objects in <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> (devtmpfs internally) as they are detected by the kernel. For drivers compiled as modules, registration happens when the module is loaded. Once the <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> filesystem is mounted (on <filename class="directory">/sys</filename>), data which the drivers have registered with <systemitem class="filesystem">sysfs</systemitem> are available to userspace processes and to udevd for processing (including modifications to device nodes).
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_clock — Spanish
To change your current system time, issue:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_theend — Spanish
Be sure to customize the fields 'DISTRIB_CODENAME' and 'VERSION_CODENAME' to make the system uniquely yours.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_network — Spanish
The <envar>SERVICE</envar> variable defines the method used for obtaining the IP address. The LFS-Bootscripts package has a modular IP assignment format, and creating additional files in the <filename class="directory">/lib/services/</filename> directory allows other IP assignment methods. This is commonly used for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), which is addressed in the BLFS book.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_usage — Spanish
/etc/inittab
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_locale — Spanish
Charmaps can have a number of aliases, e.g., <literal>ISO-8859-1</literal> is also referred to as <literal>iso8859-1</literal> and <literal>iso88591</literal>. Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly (e.g., require that <literal>UTF-8</literal> is written as <literal>UTF-8</literal>, not <literal>utf8</literal>), so it is the safest in most cases to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine the canonical name, run the following command, where <replaceable>&lt;locale name&gt;</replaceable> is the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for your preferred locale (<literal>en_GB.iso88591</literal> in our example).
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_symlinks — Spanish
The file begins with a comment block, followed by two lines for each NIC. The first line for each NIC is a commented description showing its hardware IDs (e.g. its PCI vendor and device IDs, if it's a PCI card), along with its driver (in parentheses, if the driver can be found). Neither the hardware ID nor the driver is used to determine which name to give an interface; this information is only for reference. The second line is the udev rule that matches this NIC and actually assigns it a name.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_bootscripts — Spanish
Contents of LFS-Bootscripts
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_systemd-custom — Spanish
Do not create the symbolic link above if a separate partition is used for <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename>. This will prevent the root file system (/) from being remounted r/w and make the system unusable when booted.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_binutils-pass2 — Spanish
Create a separate build directory again:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_gcc-pass2 — Spanish
<userinput remap="pre">tar -xf ../mpfr-&mpfr-version;.tar.xz
mv -v mpfr-&mpfr-version; mpfr
tar -xf ../gmp-&gmp-version;.tar.xz
mv -v gmp-&gmp-version; gmp
tar -xf ../mpc-&mpc-version;.tar.gz
mv -v mpc-&mpc-version; mpc</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_ncurses — Spanish
Then, run the following commands to build the <quote>tic</quote> program on the build host:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter06_gawk — Spanish
Prepare Gawk for compilation:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_whatnow — Spanish
There are several LFS mailing lists you may subscribe to if you are in need of help, want to stay current with the latest developments, want to contribute to the project, and more. See <xref linkend="ch-intro-maillists"/> for more information.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_reboot — Spanish
/etc/vimrc
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_afterlfs — Spanish
Note that the last three commands in the script are commented out. These are useful if those directories are mounted as separate partitions on the host system and will be mounted when booting the completed LFS/BLFS system.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_glibc — Spanish
The above command is correct. The <command>ln</command> command has several syntactic versions, so be sure to check <command>info coreutils ln</command> and <ulink role='man' url='&man;ln.1'>ln(1)</ulink> before reporting what may appear to be an error.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_linux-headers — Spanish
Make sure there are no stale files embedded in the package:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Spanish
There are frequent misunderstandings about this chapter. The procedures are the same as every other chapter, as explained earlier (<xref linkend='buildinstr'/>). First, extract the gcc-&gcc-version; tarball from the sources directory, and then change to the directory created. Only then should you proceed with the instructions below.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_libstdc__ — Spanish
Create a separate build directory for Libstdc++ and enter it:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — Spanish
It is important that Binutils be the first package compiled because both Glibc and GCC perform various tests on the available linker and assembler to determine which of their own features to enable.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_packages — Spanish
Autoconf (&autoconf-version;) - <token>&autoconf-size;</token>:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_introduction — Spanish
The files can be downloaded using <command>wget</command> and a wget-list as described below.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_patches — Spanish
Download: <ulink url="&patches-root;&glibc-fhs-patch;"/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_changelog — Spanish
[bdubbs] - Update to binutils-2.43.1. Fixes <ulink url='&lfs-ticket-root;5543'>#5543</ulink>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_whatsnew — Spanish
GDBM-&gdbm-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/part3intro_generalinstructions — Spanish
<command>/usr/bin/awk</command> is a symbolic link to <command>gawk</command>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_resources — Spanish
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