Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_packages — Spanish
Home page: <ulink url="&acl-home;"/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_introduction — Spanish
To create this directory, execute the following command, as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, before starting the download session:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_patches — Spanish
Coreutils Internationalization Fixes Patch - <token>&coreutils-i18n-patch-size;</token>:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_how — Spanish
<xref linkend="chapter-cross-tools"/> explains the installation of the initial tool chain, (binutils, gcc, and glibc) using cross-compilation techniques to isolate the new tools from the host system.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_changelog — Spanish
[bdubbs] - LFS-12.2 released.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_whatsnew — Spanish
Bc-&bc-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/part3intro_generalinstructions — Spanish
Check one last time that the <envar>LFS</envar> environment variable is set up properly:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_resources — Spanish
The <systemitem class='domainname'>linuxfromscratch.org</systemitem> server hosts a number of mailing lists used for the development of the LFS project. These lists include the main development and support lists, among others. If you cannot find an answer to your problem on the FAQ page, the next step would be to search the mailing lists at <ulink url="&lfs-root;search.html"/>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Spanish
The LFS book is not (and does not contain) a general tutorial to build a cross- (or native) toolchain. Don't use the commands in the book for a cross-toolchain for some purpose other than building LFS, unless you really understand what you are doing.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introduction — Spanish
0 &mdash; halt
1 &mdash; Single user mode
2 &mdash; User definable
3 &mdash; Full multiuser mode
4 &mdash; User definable
5 &mdash; Full multiuser mode with display manager
6 &mdash; reboot
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_mounting — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If you are using multiple partitions for LFS (e.g., one for <filename class="directory">/</filename> and another for <filename class="directory">/home</filename>), mount them like this:
如果为 LFS 创建了多个分区 (例如一个作为 <filename class="directory">/</filename>，另一个作为 <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>)，那么它们都需要被挂载：
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
During a normal boot of an LFS system, the kernel automatically mounts the <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> file system on the <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory; the kernel creates device nodes on that virtual file system during the boot process, or when a device is first detected or accessed. The udev daemon may change the ownership or permissions of the device nodes created by the kernel, and create new device nodes or symlinks, to ease the work of distro maintainers and system administrators. (See <xref linkend='ch-config-udev-device-node-creation'/> for details.) If the host kernel supports &devtmpfs;, we can simply mount a &devtmpfs; at <filename class='directory'>$LFS/dev</filename> and rely on the kernel to populate it.
用设备文件填充 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> 目录的推荐方法是挂载一个虚拟文件系统 (例如 <systemitem class="filesystem">tmpfs</systemitem>) 到 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>，然后在设备被发现或访问时动态地创建设备文件。这个工作通常由 Udev 在系统引导时完成。然而，我们的新系统还没有 Udev，也没有被引导过，因此必须手工挂载和填充 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename>。这可以通过绑定挂载宿主系统的 <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> 目录就实现。绑定挂载是一种特殊挂载类型，它允许在另外的位置创建某个目录或挂载点的映像。运行以下命令进行绑定挂载：
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The current system size is now about 3 GB, however the /tools directory is no longer needed. It uses about 1 GB of disk space. Delete it now:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_chroot — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Notice that <filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> is not in the <envar>PATH</envar>. This means that the cross toolchain will no longer be used.
注意 <filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> 不在 <envar>PATH</envar> 中。这意味着交叉工具链在 chroot 环境中不被再使用。这还需要保证 shell 不<quote>记忆</quote>执行过的程序的位置 —— 因此需要传递 <parameter>+h</parameter> 参数给 <command>bash</command> 以关闭散列功能。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_creatingdirs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}

ln -sfv /run /var/run
ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock

install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>
<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}

ln -sfv /run /var/run
ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock

install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_creatingminlayout — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The LFS editors have deliberately decided not to use a <filename class="directory">/usr/lib64</filename> directory. Several steps are taken to be sure the toolchain will not use it. If for any reason this directory appears (either because you made an error in following the instructions, or because you installed a binary package that created it after finishing LFS), it may break your system. You should always be sure this directory does not exist.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_aboutsbus — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If <command>powerprofilesctl</command> is available, issue the <command>powerprofilesctl set performance</command> command to select the <literal>performance</literal> profile. Some distros provides the <command>tuned-adm</command> command for managing the profiles instead of <command>powerprofilesctl</command>, on these distros issue the <command>tuned-adm profile throughput-performance</command> command to select the <literal>throughput-performance</literal> profile.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_introduction — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The SBU values and required disk space include test suite data for all applicable packages in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>. SBU values have been calculated using four CPU cores (-j4) for all operations unless specified otherwise.
对于拥有可用的测试套件的软件包，<xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>中给出的 SBU 值和需要的磁盘空间包含了运行测试套件需要的时间和磁盘空间。SBU 值根据仅使用单个 CPU 核心 (-j1) 进行操作时测得的时间计算。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The compiler built in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> and <xref linkend="chapter-chroot-temporary-tools"/> is still partially installed and not needed anymore. Remove it with:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_tcl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <application>Tcl</application> package contains the Tool Command Language, a robust general-purpose scripting language. The <application>Expect</application> package is written in <application>Tcl</application> (pronounced "tickle").
<application>Tcl</application> 软件包包含工具命令语言，它是一个可靠的通用脚本语言。<application>Except</application> 软件包是用 <application>Tcl</application> 语言编写的.
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_stripping — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The ELF loader's name is ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 on 64-bit systems and ld-linux.so.2 on 32-bit systems. The construct below selects the correct name for the current architecture, excluding anything ending with <literal>g</literal>, in case the commands below have already been run.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_lz4 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_setuptools — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_aboutdebug — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Glibc and GCC files without debugging symbols: 16 MB (82% smaller)
没有调试符号的 Glibc 和 GCC 文件：16 MB
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_prerequisites — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Beginner's Guide to Installing from Source <ulink url="https://moi.vonos.net/linux/beginners-installing-from-source/"/>
Beginner's Guide to Installing from Source <ulink url="http://moi.vonos.net/linux/beginners-installing-from-source/"/>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_standards — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Many people do not agree with these requirements. The main purpose of the LSB is to ensure that proprietary software can be installed and run on a compliant system. Since LFS is source based, the user has complete control over what packages are desired; you may choose not to install some packages that are specified by the LSB.
许多人不认同 LSB 的要求。定义 LSB 的主要目的是保证专有软件能够在满足 LSB 的系统上正常运行。然而 LFS 是基于源代码的，用户拥有完全的控制权，有权选择不安装 LSB 要求的软件包。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_networkd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If you will not use <command>systemd-networkd</command> for network configuration (for example, when the system is not connected to network, or you want to use another utility like NetworkManager for network configuration), disable a service to prevent an error message during boot:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_inputrc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inputrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn &lt;roryo@roryo.dynup.net&gt;

# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off

# Enable 8-bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On

# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off

# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On

# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none

# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word

# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert

# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line

# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line

# End /etc/inputrc</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inputrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn &lt;roryo@roryo.dynup.net&gt;

# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off

# Enable 8bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On

# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off

# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On

# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none

# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word

# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert

# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line

# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line

# End /etc/inputrc</literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_usage — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
SysVinit (which will be referred to as <quote>init</quote> from now on) uses a run levels scheme. There are seven run levels, numbered 0 to 6. (Actually, there are more run levels, but the others are for special cases and are generally not used. See <ulink role='man' url='&man;init.8'>init(8)</ulink> for more details.) Each one of the seven corresponds to actions the computer is supposed to perform when it starts up or shuts down. The default run level is 3. Here are the descriptions of the different run levels as they are implemented in LFS:
SysVinit (之后简称为<quote>init</quote>) 使用运行级别架构工作。有七个 (编号为 0 到 6) 运行级别 (实际上还有更多，但它们用于一些特殊情况，一般并不使用。参阅 <filename>init(8)</filename> 了解更多细节)，每个都对应于计算机在启动时应该进行的一组操作。默认运行级别是 3，下面是不同运行级别的描述：
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_network — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The interface names depend on the implementation and configuration of the udev daemon running on the system. The udev daemon for LFS (installed in <xref linkend="ch-system-udev"/>) will not run until the LFS system is booted. So the interface names in the LFS system cannot always be determined by running those commands on the host distro, <emphasis>even in the chroot environment</emphasis>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_whatnow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This is a list of security vulnerabilities discovered in the LFS book after it's published.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Working in a basic LFS environment
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_whatsnew — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Binutils-&binutils-version;
Findutils-&findutils-version;
Linux From Scratch 12.2/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Cross-compilation involves some concepts that deserve a section of their own. Although this section may be omitted on a first reading, coming back to it later will help you gain a fuller understanding of the process.
交叉编译涉及一些概念，值得专门用一节讨论。尽管您可以在初次阅读时跳过本节，但强烈建议您之后回头阅读本节，以完全掌握构建过程。
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_stages — Spanish
The /mnt/lfs partition must be mounted.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_hostreqs — Spanish
<emphasis role="strong">Bash-3.2</emphasis> (/bin/sh should be a symbolic or hard link to bash)
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_mounting — Spanish
If you are using multiple partitions for LFS (e.g., one for <filename class="directory">/</filename> and another for <filename class="directory">/home</filename>), mount them like this:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_creatingpartition — Spanish
Remember the designation of the new partition (e.g., <filename class="devicefile">sda5</filename>). This book will refer to this as the LFS partition. Also remember the designation of the <systemitem class="filesystem">swap</systemitem> partition. These names will be needed later for the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_creatingfilesystem — Spanish
is an upgrade to ext2 that includes a journal to help recover the partition's status in the case of an unclean shutdown. It is commonly used as a general purpose file system.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter02_aboutlfs — Spanish
Make sure the output shows the path to your LFS system's build location, which is <filename class="directory">/mnt/lfs</filename> if the provided example was followed. If the output is incorrect, use the command given earlier on this page to set <envar>$LFS</envar> to the correct directory name.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_createfiles — Spanish
/var/log/wtmp
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_kernfs — Spanish
During a normal boot of an LFS system, the kernel automatically mounts the <systemitem class="filesystem">devtmpfs</systemitem> file system on the <filename class="directory">/dev</filename> directory; the kernel creates device nodes on that virtual file system during the boot process, or when a device is first detected or accessed. The udev daemon may change the ownership or permissions of the device nodes created by the kernel, and create new device nodes or symlinks, to ease the work of distro maintainers and system administrators. (See <xref linkend='ch-config-udev-device-node-creation'/> for details.) If the host kernel supports &devtmpfs;, we can simply mount a &devtmpfs; at <filename class='directory'>$LFS/dev</filename> and rely on the kernel to populate it.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_cleanup — Spanish
The current system size is now about 3 GB, however the /tools directory is no longer needed. It uses about 1 GB of disk space. Delete it now:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_chroot — Spanish
Notice that <filename class="directory">/tools/bin</filename> is not in the <envar>PATH</envar>. This means that the cross toolchain will no longer be used.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter07_creatingdirs — Spanish
<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}

ln -sfv /run /var/run
ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock

install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_grub — Spanish
Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do not already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for the procedure below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install <userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink url="&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html"> libisoburn</ulink> package.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter10_fstab — Spanish
Filesystems with MS-DOS or Windows origin (i.e. vfat, ntfs, smbfs, cifs, iso9660, udf) need a special option, utf8, in order for non-ASCII characters in file names to be interpreted properly. For non-UTF-8 locales, the value of <option>iocharset</option> should be set to be the same as the character set of the locale, adjusted in such a way that the kernel understands it. This works if the relevant character set definition (found under File systems -&gt; Native Language Support when configuring the kernel) has been compiled into the kernel or built as a module. However, if the character set of the locale is UTF-8, the corresponding option <option>iocharset=utf8</option> would make the file system case sensitive. To fix this, use the special option <option>utf8</option> instead of <option>iocharset=utf8</option>, for UTF-8 locales. The <quote>codepage</quote> option is also needed for vfat and smbfs filesystems. It should be set to the codepage number used under MS-DOS in your country. For example, in order to mount USB flash drives, a ru_RU.KOI8-R user would need the following in the options portion of its mount line in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_dependencies — Spanish
Acl
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_creat-comm — Spanish
BY EXERCISING ANY RIGHTS TO THE WORK PROVIDED HERE, YOU ACCEPT AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE. THE LICENSOR GRANTS YOU THE RIGHTS CONTAINED HERE IN CONSIDERATION OF YOUR ACCEPTANCE OF SUCH TERMS AND CONDITIONS.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/appendices_scripts — Spanish
/lib/lsb/init-functions
/lib/lsb/init-functions
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_creatingminlayout — Spanish
The LFS editors have deliberately decided not to use a <filename class="directory">/usr/lib64</filename> directory. Several steps are taken to be sure the toolchain will not use it. If for any reason this directory appears (either because you made an error in following the instructions, or because you installed a binary package that created it after finishing LFS), it may break your system. You should always be sure this directory does not exist.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_settingenviron — Spanish
The meaning of the settings in <filename>.bashrc</filename>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_aboutsbus — Spanish
If <command>powerprofilesctl</command> is available, issue the <command>powerprofilesctl set performance</command> command to select the <literal>performance</literal> profile. Some distros provides the <command>tuned-adm</command> command for managing the profiles instead of <command>powerprofilesctl</command>, on these distros issue the <command>tuned-adm profile throughput-performance</command> command to select the <literal>throughput-performance</literal> profile.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter04_addinguser — Spanish
<parameter>-g lfs</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_introduction — Spanish
The SBU values and required disk space include test suite data for all applicable packages in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>. SBU values have been calculated using four CPU cores (-j4) for all operations unless specified otherwise.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_cleanup — Spanish
The compiler built in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> and <xref linkend="chapter-chroot-temporary-tools"/> is still partially installed and not needed anymore. Remove it with:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_tcl — Spanish
The <application>Tcl</application> package contains the Tool Command Language, a robust general-purpose scripting language. The <application>Expect</application> package is written in <application>Tcl</application> (pronounced "tickle").
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_stripping — Spanish
The ELF loader's name is ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 on 64-bit systems and ld-linux.so.2 on 32-bit systems. The construct below selects the correct name for the current architecture, excluding anything ending with <literal>g</literal>, in case the commands below have already been run.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_pkgmgt — Spanish
Upgrade Issues
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter08_aboutdebug — Spanish
Glibc and GCC files without debugging symbols: 16 MB (82% smaller)
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_standards — Spanish
Many people do not agree with these requirements. The main purpose of the LSB is to ensure that proprietary software can be installed and run on a compliant system. Since LFS is source based, the user has complete control over what packages are desired; you may choose not to install some packages that are specified by the LSB.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_typography — Spanish
Note that the backslash must be followed by an immediate return. Other whitespace characters like spaces or tab characters will create incorrect results.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_prerequisites — Spanish
Beginner's Guide to Installing from Source <ulink url="https://moi.vonos.net/linux/beginners-installing-from-source/"/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_why — Spanish
Autoconf
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_audience — Spanish
The goal of Linux From Scratch is to build a complete and usable foundation-level system. If you do not wish to build your own Linux system from scratch, you may nevertheless benefit from the information in this book.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_organization — Spanish
Part III - Building the LFS Cross Toolchain and Temporary Tools
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_foreword — Spanish
As I shared my goals and experiences with other members of the Linux community, it became apparent that there was a sustained interest in these ideas. It quickly became plain that such custom-built Linux systems serve not only to meet user specific requirements, but also serve as an ideal learning opportunity for programmers and system administrators to enhance their (existing) Linux skills. Out of this broadened interest, the <emphasis>Linux From Scratch Project</emphasis> was born.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/prologue_bookinfo — Spanish
Dubbs
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_networkd — Spanish
If you will not use <command>systemd-networkd</command> for network configuration (for example, when the system is not connected to network, or you want to use another utility like NetworkManager for network configuration), disable a service to prevent an error message during boot:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introductiond — Spanish
<xref linkend="ch-config-udev" role="."/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_consoled — Spanish
KEYMAP
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_udev — Spanish
History
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_clock — Spanish
Create the <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename> file with the following contents if your hardware clock is set to local time:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_inputrc — Spanish
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inputrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn &lt;roryo@roryo.dynup.net&gt;

# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off

# Enable 8-bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On

# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off

# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On

# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none

# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word

# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert

# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line

# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line

# End /etc/inputrc</literal>
EOF</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_theend — Spanish
<userinput>echo &version; &gt; /etc/lfs-release</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_network — Spanish
The interface names depend on the implementation and configuration of the udev daemon running on the system. The udev daemon for LFS (installed in <xref linkend="ch-system-udev"/>) will not run until the LFS system is booted. So the interface names in the LFS system cannot always be determined by running those commands on the host distro, <emphasis>even in the chroot environment</emphasis>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_usage — Spanish
SysVinit (which will be referred to as <quote>init</quote> from now on) uses a run levels scheme. There are seven run levels, numbered 0 to 6. (Actually, there are more run levels, but the others are for special cases and are generally not used. See <ulink role='man' url='&man;init.8'>init(8)</ulink> for more details.) Each one of the seven corresponds to actions the computer is supposed to perform when it starts up or shuts down. The default run level is 3. Here are the descriptions of the different run levels as they are implemented in LFS:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_locale — Spanish
The correct alphabetical sorting order for the country
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_symlinks — Spanish
Creating Custom Udev Rules
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_systemd-custom — Spanish
<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d

cat &gt; /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/noclear.conf &lt;&lt; EOF
<literal>[Service]
TTYVTDisallocate=no</literal>
EOF</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_whatnow — Spanish
This is a list of security vulnerabilities discovered in the LFS book after it's published.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_reboot — Spanish
/etc/dircolors
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter11_afterlfs — Spanish
Working in a basic LFS environment
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_packages — Spanish
Download: <ulink url="&acl-url;"/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_introduction — Spanish
<userinput>mkdir -v $LFS/sources</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter03_patches — Spanish
Download: <ulink url="&patches-root;&coreutils-i18n-patch;"/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_how — Spanish
<xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> shows you how to cross-compile basic utilities using the just built cross-toolchain.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_changelog — Spanish
2024-08-23
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_whatsnew — Spanish
Binutils-&binutils-version;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/part3intro_generalinstructions — Spanish
<userinput>echo $LFS</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter01_resources — Spanish
For information on the different lists, how to subscribe, archive locations, and additional information, visit <ulink url="&lfs-root;mail.html"/>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Spanish
Cross-compilation involves some concepts that deserve a section of their own. Although this section may be omitted on a first reading, coming back to it later will help you gain a fuller understanding of the process.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.2/chapter09_introduction — Spanish
The usual default run level is 3 or 5.