2. Linux From Scratch 12.0
3. chapter08_gcc
4. Search

Filters

• Untranslated strings • state:empty
• Unfinished strings • state:<translated
• Translated strings • state:>=translated
• Strings marked for edit • state:needs-editing
• Strings with suggestions • has:suggestion
• Strings with variants • has:variant
• Strings with screenshots • has:screenshot
• Strings with labels • has:label
• Strings with context • has:context
• Unfinished strings without suggestions • state:<translated AND NOT has:suggestion
• Strings with comments • has:comment
• Strings with any failing checks • has:check
• Approved strings • state:approved
• Strings waiting for review • state:translated

state:<translated

Position and priority

• Position and priority
• Position
• Priority
• Labels
• Source string
• Target string
• String age
• Last updated
• Number of words
• Number of comments
• Number of failing checks
• Key
• String location

	Translation	Source string	Target string
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	&gcc-url;
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<productname>gcc</productname> <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	GCC-&gcc-version;
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	GCC
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	The GCC package contains the GNU compiler collection, which includes the C and C++ compilers.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	&buildtime;
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	&diskspace;
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	&gcc-fin-sbu;
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	&gcc-fin-du;
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Installation of GCC
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	If building on x86_64, change the default directory name for 64-bit libraries to <quote>lib</quote>:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="pre">case $(uname -m) in x86_64) sed -e '/m64=/s/lib64/lib/' \ -i.orig gcc/config/i386/t-linux64 ;; esac</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	The GCC documentation recommends building GCC in a dedicated build directory:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v build cd build</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Prepare GCC for compilation:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \ LD=ld \ --enable-languages=c,c++ \ --enable-default-pie \ --enable-default-ssp \ --disable-multilib \ --disable-bootstrap \ --disable-fixincludes \ --with-system-zlib</userinput>	<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \ LD=ld \ --enable-languages=c,c++ \ --disable-multilib \ --disable-bootstrap \ --with-system-zlib</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="configure">../configure --prefix=/usr \ LD=ld \ --enable-languages=c,c++ \ --enable-default-pie \ --enable-default-ssp \ --disable-multilib \ --disable-bootstrap \ --disable-fixincludes \ --with-system-zlib</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	GCC supports seven different computer languages, but the prerequisites for most of them have not yet been installed. See the <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/gcc.html">BLFS Book GCC page</ulink> for instructions on how to build all of GCC's supported languages.	请注意，对于其他语言，还有一些尚未满足的依赖项。阅读 <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/gcc.html">BLFS 手册</ulink>，以了解如何构建 GCC 支持的所有语言。
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	GCC supports seven different computer languages, but the prerequisites for most of them have not yet been installed. See the <ulink url="&blfs-book;general/gcc.html">BLFS Book GCC page</ulink> for instructions on how to build all of GCC's supported languages.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	The meaning of the new configure parameters:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<parameter>LD=ld</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This parameter makes the configure script use the ld program installed by the Binutils package built earlier in this chapter, rather than the cross-built version which would otherwise be used.	该选项使得配置脚本使用之前在本章中构建的 ld，而没有该选项时会使用交叉编译构建的版本。
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	This parameter makes the configure script use the ld program installed by the Binutils package built earlier in this chapter, rather than the cross-built version which would otherwise be used.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<parameter>--disable-fixincludes</parameter>	<parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<parameter>--disable-fixincludes</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	By default, during the installation of GCC some system headers would be <quote>fixed</quote> to be used with GCC. This is not necessary for a modern Linux system, and potentially harmful if a package is reinstalled after installing GCC. This switch prevents GCC from <quote>fixing</quote> the headers.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	By default, during the installation of GCC some system headers would be <quote>fixed</quote> to be used with GCC. This is not necessary for a modern Linux system, and potentially harmful if a package is reinstalled after installing GCC. This switch prevents GCC from <quote>fixing</quote> the headers.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<parameter>--with-system-zlib</parameter>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.	该选项使得 GCC 链接到系统安装的 Zlib 库，而不是它自带的 Zlib 副本。
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	This switch tells GCC to link to the system installed copy of the Zlib library, rather than its own internal copy.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	note on PIE and SSP
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	note on PIE and SSP
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	PIE (position-independent executables) are binary programs that can be loaded anywhere in memory. Without PIE, the security feature named ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) can be applied for the shared libraries, but not for the executables themselves. Enabling PIE allows ASLR for the executables in addition to the shared libraries, and mitigates some attacks based on fixed addresses of sensitive code or data in the executables.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	PIE (position-independent executables) are binary programs that can be loaded anywhere in memory. Without PIE, the security feature named ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) can be applied for the shared libraries, but not for the executables themselves. Enabling PIE allows ASLR for the executables in addition to the shared libraries, and mitigates some attacks based on fixed addresses of sensitive code or data in the executables.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	SSP (Stack Smashing Protection) is a technique to ensure that the parameter stack is not corrupted. Stack corruption can, for example, alter the return address of a subroutine, thus transferring control to some dangerous code (existing in the program or shared libraries, or injected by the attacker somehow).
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	SSP (Stack Smashing Protection) is a technique to ensure that the parameter stack is not corrupted. Stack corruption can, for example, alter the return address of a subroutine, thus transferring control to some dangerous code (existing in the program or shared libraries, or injected by the attacker somehow).
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Compile the package:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered important, but it takes a long time. First-time builders are encouraged to run the test suite. The time to run the tests can be reduced significantly by adding -jx to the <command>make -k check</command> command below, where x is the number of CPU cores on your system.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	In this section, the test suite for GCC is considered important, but it takes a long time. First-time builders are encouraged to run the test suite. The time to run the tests can be reduced significantly by adding -jx to the <command>make -k check</command> command below, where x is the number of CPU cores on your system.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	One set of tests in the GCC test suite is known to exhaust the default stack, so increase the stack size prior to running the tests:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="test">ulimit -s 32768</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Test the results as a non-privileged user, but do not stop at errors:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"</userinput>	<userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester . su tester -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	To extract a summary of the test suite results, run:	输入以下命令查看测试结果的摘要：
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	To extract a summary of the test suite results, run:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="test">../contrib/test_summary</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	To filter out only the summaries, pipe the output through <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.	如果只想看摘要，将输出用管道送至 <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>。
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	To filter out only the summaries, pipe the output through <userinput>grep -A7 Summ</userinput>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Results can be compared with those located at <ulink url="&test-results;"/> and <ulink url="https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-testresults/"/>.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Two tests named <filename>copy.cc</filename> and <filename>pr56837.c</filename> are known to fail. Additionally, several tests in the <filename class='directory'>vect</filename> directory are known to fail if the hardware does not support AVX.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Two tests named <filename>copy.cc</filename> and <filename>pr56837.c</filename> are known to fail. Additionally, several tests in the <filename class='directory'>vect</filename> directory are known to fail if the hardware does not support AVX.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	With Glibc-2.38, the analyzer tests named <filename>data-model-4.c</filename> and <filename>conftest-1.c</filename> are known to fail. In the asan tests, several tests in <filename>asan_test.C</filename> are known to fail. The test named <filename>interception-malloc-test-1.C</filename> is known to fail.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	With Glibc-2.38, the analyzer tests named <filename>data-model-4.c</filename> and <filename>conftest-1.c</filename> are known to fail. In the asan tests, several tests in <filename>asan_test.C</filename> are known to fail. The test named <filename>interception-malloc-test-1.C</filename> is known to fail.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	A few unexpected failures cannot always be avoided. The GCC developers are usually aware of these issues, but have not resolved them yet. Unless the test results are vastly different from those at the above URL, it is safe to continue.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Install the package:	编译该软件包：
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Install the package:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>	<userinput remap="make">make</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="install">make install</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	The GCC build directory is owned by <systemitem class="username"> tester</systemitem> now, and the ownership of the installed header directory (and its content) is incorrect. Change the ownership to the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user and group:	GCC 构建目录目前属于用户 <systemitem class="username">tester</systemitem>，这会导致安装的头文件目录 (及其内容) 具有不正确的所有权。将所有者修改为 <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> 用户和组：
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	The GCC build directory is owned by <systemitem class="username"> tester</systemitem> now, and the ownership of the installed header directory (and its content) is incorrect. Change the ownership to the <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> user and group:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="install">chown -v -R root:root \ /usr/lib/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/include{,-fixed}</userinput>	<userinput remap="install">chown -v -R root:root \ /usr/lib/gcc/*linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include{,-fixed}</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="install">chown -v -R root:root \ /usr/lib/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/include{,-fixed}</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Create a symlink required by the <ulink url="https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/fhs/ch03s09.html">FHS</ulink> for "historical" reasons.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="install">ln -svr /usr/bin/cpp /usr/lib</userinput>	<userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="install">ln -svr /usr/bin/cpp /usr/lib</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C compiler. We've already created <command>cc</command> as a symlink in <xref linkend='ch-tools-gcc-pass2'/>, create its man page as a symlink as well:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Many packages use the name <command>cc</command> to call the C compiler. We've already created <command>cc</command> as a symlink in <xref linkend='ch-tools-gcc-pass2'/>, create its man page as a symlink as well:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc.1 /usr/share/man/man1/cc.1</userinput>	<userinput remap="install">ln -sv ../usr/bin/cpp /lib</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="install">ln -sv gcc.1 /usr/share/man/man1/cc.1</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Add a compatibility symlink to enable building programs with Link Time Optimization (LTO):
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput remap="install">ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so \ /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput>	<userinput remap="install">install -v -dm755 /usr/lib/bfd-plugins ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so \ /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput remap="install">ln -sfv ../../libexec/gcc/$(gcc -dumpmachine)/&gcc-version;/liblto_plugin.so \ /usr/lib/bfd-plugins/</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Now that our final toolchain is in place, it is important to again ensure that compiling and linking will work as expected. We do this by performing some sanity checks:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &amp;&gt; dummy.log readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' &gt; dummy.c cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &amp;&gt; dummy.log readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be (allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Now make sure that we're set up to use the correct start files:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Now make sure that we're set up to use the correct start files:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput>grep -E -o '/usr/lib.*/S?crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput>	<userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput>grep -E -o '/usr/lib.*/S?crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	The output of the last command should be:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	The output of the last command should be:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/Scrt1.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crti.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput>	<computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crt1.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crti.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<computeroutput>/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/Scrt1.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crti.o succeeded /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/../../../../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Depending on your machine architecture, the above may differ slightly. The difference will be the name of the directory after <filename class="directory">/usr/lib/gcc</filename>. The important thing to look for here is that <command>gcc</command> has found all three <filename>crt*.o</filename> files under the <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> directory.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header files:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header files:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	This command should return the following output:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	This command should return the following output:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	<computeroutput>#include &lt;...&gt; search starts here: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include /usr/local/include /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed /usr/include</computeroutput>
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Again, the directory named after your target triplet may be different than the above, depending on your system architecture.
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Greek	Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths:
	Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gcc — Chinese (Simplified Han script)	<userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'</userinput>	<userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput>

• 1 / 3
  / 3