Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_findutils — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_make — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_coreutils — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_xz — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_bash — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_patch — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_gcc-pass2 — Greek
tools, pass 2
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_gawk — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_m4 — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_tar — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_file — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Greek
tools, pass 1
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_libstdc__ — Greek
Libstdc++ is the standard C++ library. It is needed to compile C++ code (part of GCC is written in C++), but we had to defer its installation when we built <xref linkend="ch-tools-gcc-pass1"/> because Libstdc++ depends on Glibc, which was not yet available in the target directory.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter03_introduction — Greek
To create this directory, execute the following command, as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>, before starting the download session:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The current system size is now about 3 GB, however the /tools directory is no longer needed. It uses about 1 GB of disk space. Delete it now:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter04_creatingminlayout — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The LFS editors have deliberately decided not to use a <filename class="directory">/usr/lib64</filename> directory. Several steps are taken to be sure the toolchain will not use it. If for any reason this directory appears (either because you made an error in following the instructions, or because you installed a binary package that created it after finishing LFS), it may break your system. You should always be sure this directory does not exist.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_wheel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_udev — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_cleanup — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The compiler built in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> and <xref linkend="chapter-chroot-temporary-tools"/> is still partially installed and not needed anymore. Remove it with:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_pkgconf — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_stripping — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The ELF loader's name is ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 on 64-bit systems and ld-linux.so.2 on 32-bit systems. The construct below selects the correct name for the current architecture, excluding anything ending with <quote>g</quote>, in case the commands below have already been run.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_markupsafe — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_jinja2 — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libxcrypt — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_flit-core — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_networkd — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
If you will not use <command>systemd-networkd</command> for network configuration (for example, when the system is not connected to network, or you want to use another utility like NetworkManager for network configuration), disable a service to prevent an error message during boot:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_network — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The interface names depend on the implementation and configuration of the udev daemon running on the system. The udev daemon for LFS (installed in <xref linkend="ch-system-udev"/>) will not run until the LFS system is booted. So the interface names in the LFS system cannot always be determined by running those commands on the host distro, <emphasis>even in the chroot environment</emphasis>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter11_whatnow — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This is a list of security vulnerabilities discovered in the LFS book after it's published.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter11_afterlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Working in a basic LFS environment
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_groff — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_file — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_libcap — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_iana-etc — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_diffutils — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_why — Greek
Autoconf
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_audience — Greek
The goal of Linux From Scratch is to build a complete and usable foundation-level system. If you do not wish to build your own Linux system from scratch, you may nevertheless benefit from the information in this book.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_standards — Greek
Many people do not agree with these requirements. The main purpose of the LSB is to ensure that proprietary software can be installed and run on a compliant system. Since LFS is source based, the user has complete control over what packages are desired; you may choose not to install some packages that are specified by the LSB.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_foreword — Greek
As I shared my goals and experiences with other members of the Linux community, it became apparent that there was a sustained interest in these ideas. It quickly became plain that such custom-built Linux systems serve not only to meet user specific requirements, but also serve as an ideal learning opportunity for programmers and system administrators to enhance their (existing) Linux skills. Out of this broadened interest, the <emphasis>Linux From Scratch Project</emphasis> was born.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_organization — Greek
Part III - Building the LFS Cross Toolchain and Temporary Tools
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/prologue_bookinfo — Greek
Dubbs
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_networkd — Greek
If you will not use <command>systemd-networkd</command> for network configuration (for example, when the system is not connected to network, or you want to use another utility like NetworkManager for network configuration), disable a service to prevent an error message during boot:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_introduction — Greek
The usual default run level is 3 or 5.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_consoled — Greek
KEYMAP
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_inputrc — Greek
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/inputrc &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn &lt;roryo@roryo.dynup.net&gt;

# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off

# Enable 8-bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On

# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off

# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On

# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none

# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word

# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert

# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line

# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line

# End /etc/inputrc</literal>
EOF</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_udev — Greek
History
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_clock — Greek
Create the <filename>/etc/adjtime</filename> file with the following contents if your hardware clock is set to local time:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_introductiond — Greek
<xref linkend="ch-config-udev" role="."/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_usage — Greek
SysVinit (which will be referred to as <quote>init</quote> from now on) uses a run levels scheme. There are seven run levels, numbered 0 to 6. (Actually, there are more run levels, but the others are for special cases and are generally not used. See <filename>init(8)</filename> for more details.) Each one of the seven corresponds to actions the computer is supposed to perform when it starts up or shuts down. The default run level is 3. Here are the descriptions of the different run levels as they are implemented in LFS:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_network — Greek
The interface names depend on the implementation and configuration of the udev daemon running on the system. The udev daemon for LFS (installed in <xref linkend="ch-system-udev"/>) will not run until the LFS system is booted. So the interface names in the LFS system cannot always be determined by running those commands on the host distro, <emphasis>even in the chroot environment</emphasis>.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_locale — Greek
The appropriate default paper size
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_profile — Greek
The base <filename>/etc/profile</filename> below sets some environment variables necessary for native language support. Setting them properly results in:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_bootscripts — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter09_systemd-custom — Greek
<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d

cat &gt; /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/noclear.conf &lt;&lt; EOF
<literal>[Service]
TTYVTDisallocate=no</literal>
EOF</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_binutils-pass2 — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_sed — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_gzip — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_grep — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter06_diffutils — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter11_whatnow — Greek
This is a list of security vulnerabilities discovered in the LFS book after it's published.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter11_reboot — Greek
/etc/dircolors
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter11_afterlfs — Greek
Working in a basic LFS environment
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter11_theend — Greek
<userinput>echo &version; &gt; /etc/lfs-release</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter05_linux-headers — Greek
&buildtime;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter03_packages — Greek
Download: <ulink url="&acl-url;"/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter03_patches — Greek
Download: <ulink url="&patches-root;&coreutils-i18n-patch;"/>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/part3intro_generalinstructions — Greek
Make sure the output shows the path to the LFS partition's mount point, which is <filename class="directory">/mnt/lfs</filename>, using our example.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Greek
Cross-compilation involves some concepts that deserve a section of their own. Although this section may be omitted on a first reading, coming back to it later will help you gain a fuller understanding of the process.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter02_stages — Greek
The /mnt/lfs partition must be mounted.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter02_creatingpartition — Greek
Remember the designation of the new partition (e.g., <filename class="devicefile">sda5</filename>). This book will refer to this as the LFS partition. Also remember the designation of the <systemitem class="filesystem">swap</systemitem> partition. These names will be needed later for the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_texinfo — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_cleanup — Greek
The current system size is now about 3 GB, however the /tools directory is no longer needed. It uses about 1 GB of disk space. Delete it now:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_perl — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_creatingdirs — Greek
<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}
mkdir -pv /lib/firmware
mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{include,src}
mkdir -pv /usr/local/{bin,lib,sbin}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}
mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}

ln -sfv /run /var/run
ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock

install -dv -m 0750 /root
install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter07_gettext — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter10_grub — Greek
Ensure that an emergency boot disk is ready to <quote>rescue</quote> the computer if the computer becomes unusable (un-bootable). If you do not already have a boot device, you can create one. In order for the procedure below to work, you need to jump ahead to BLFS and install <userinput>xorriso</userinput> from the <ulink url="&blfs-book;multimedia/libisoburn.html"> libisoburn</ulink> package.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter10_kernel — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter10_fstab — Greek
Filesystems with MS-DOS or Windows origin (i.e. vfat, ntfs, smbfs, cifs, iso9660, udf) need a special option, utf8, in order for non-ASCII characters in file names to be interpreted properly. For non-UTF-8 locales, the value of <option>iocharset</option> should be set to be the same as the character set of the locale, adjusted in such a way that the kernel understands it. This works if the relevant character set definition (found under File systems -&gt; Native Language Support when configuring the kernel) has been compiled into the kernel or built as a module. However, if the character set of the locale is UTF-8, the corresponding option <option>iocharset=utf8</option> would make the file system case sensitive. To fix this, use the special option <option>utf8</option> instead of <option>iocharset=utf8</option>, for UTF-8 locales. The <quote>codepage</quote> option is also needed for vfat and smbfs filesystems. It should be set to the codepage number used under MS-DOS in your country. For example, in order to mount USB flash drives, a ru_RU.KOI8-R user would need the following in the options portion of its mount line in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter04_settingenviron — Greek
The meaning of the settings in <filename>.bashrc</filename>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter04_aboutsbus — Greek
<userinput>export MAKEFLAGS='-j4'</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter04_addinguser — Greek
<parameter>-g lfs</parameter>
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_intltool — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_wheel — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_zstd — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_flex — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_bc — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_check — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_introduction — Greek
The SBU values and required disk space include test suite data for all applicable packages in <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>. SBU values have been calculated using four CPU cores (-j4) for all operations unless specified otherwise.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_man-pages — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_findutils — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_cleanup — Greek
The compiler built in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> and <xref linkend="chapter-chroot-temporary-tools"/> is still partially installed and not needed anymore. Remove it with:
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_iproute2 — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_gperf — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_psmisc — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_make — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_dbus — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_stripping — Greek
The ELF loader's name is ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 on 64-bit systems and ld-linux.so.2 on 32-bit systems. The construct below selects the correct name for the current architecture, excluding anything ending with <quote>g</quote>, in case the commands below have already been run.
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_markupsafe — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_jinja2 — Greek
&diskspace;
 
Linux From Scratch 12.0/chapter08_patch — Greek
&diskspace;