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	Translation	Source string	Target string
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	About Firmware	About Firmware
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	About Firmware	À propos des Firmwares
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	About Firmware	Acerca de Firmware
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	/lib/firmware	/lib/firmware
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	/lib/firmware	/lib/firmware
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	/lib/firmware	/lib/firmware
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	On some recent PCs it can be necessary, or desirable, to load firmware to make them work at their best. There is a directory, <filename class="directory">/lib/firmware</filename>, where the kernel or kernel drivers look for firmware images.	On some recent PCs it can be necessary, or desirable, to load firmware to make them work at their best. There is a directory, <filename class="directory">/lib/firmware</filename>, where the kernel or kernel drivers look for firmware images.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	On some recent PCs it can be necessary, or desirable, to load firmware to make them work at their best. There is a directory, <filename class="directory">/lib/firmware</filename>, where the kernel or kernel drivers look for firmware images.	Sur certains PCs actuels il peut être nécessaire, ou désirable, de charger des firmwares pour faire travailler les PC au maximum de leurs possibilités. Le noyau contient un répertoire, <filename class="directory">/lib/firmware</filename>, ou le noyau ou les pilotes du noyau cherche des images de firmware.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	On some recent PCs it can be necessary, or desirable, to load firmware to make them work at their best. There is a directory, <filename class="directory">/lib/firmware</filename>, where the kernel or kernel drivers look for firmware images.	Em alguns PCs recentes, pode ser necessário, ou desejável, carregar firmware para fazer com que trabalhem no melhor deles. Existe um diretório, <filename class="directory">/lib/firmware</filename>, onde o núcleo ou os controladores de núcleo procuram por imagens de firmware.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Currently, most firmware can be found at a <userinput>git</userinput> repository: <ulink url= "https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/tree/"/>. For convenience, the LFS Project has created a mirror, updated daily, where these firmware files can be accessed via <userinput>wget</userinput> or a web browser at <ulink url="&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/"/>.	Currently, most firmware can be found at a <userinput>git</userinput> repository: <ulink url= "https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/tree/"/>. For convenience, the LFS Project has created a mirror, updated daily, where these firmware files can be accessed via <userinput>wget</userinput> or a web browser at <ulink url="&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/"/>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Currently, most firmware can be found at a <userinput>git</userinput> repository: <ulink url= "https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/tree/"/>. For convenience, the LFS Project has created a mirror, updated daily, where these firmware files can be accessed via <userinput>wget</userinput> or a web browser at <ulink url="&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/"/>.	Actuellement, on peut trouver la plupart des firmwares sur un dépôt <userinput>git</userinput>&nbsp;: <ulink url= "https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/tree/"/>. Par commodité, le projet LFS a créé un miroir, mis à jour quotidiennement, où on peut accéder à ces fichiers de firmwares via <userinput>wget</userinput> ou un navigateur web sur <ulink url="&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/"/>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Currently, most firmware can be found at a <userinput>git</userinput> repository: <ulink url= "https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/tree/"/>. For convenience, the LFS Project has created a mirror, updated daily, where these firmware files can be accessed via <userinput>wget</userinput> or a web browser at <ulink url="&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/"/>.	Atualmente, a maioria do "firmware" pode ser encontrada em um repositório <userinput>git</userinput>: <ulink url="https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/tree/"/>. Por conveniência, o Projeto LFS criou um espelho, atualizado diariamente, onde esses arquivos de "firmware" podem ser acessados via <userinput>wget</userinput> ou via um navegador da "web" em <ulink url="&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/"/>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	To get the firmware, either point a browser to one of the above repositories and then download the item(s) which you need, or install <xref linkend="git"/> and clone that repository.	To get the firmware, either point a browser to one of the above repositories and then download the item(s) which you need, or install <xref linkend="git"/> and clone that repository.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	To get the firmware, either point a browser to one of the above repositories and then download the item(s) which you need, or install <xref linkend="git"/> and clone that repository.	Pour récupérer le microprogramme, vous devez soit aller sur un des dépôts ci-dessus avec un navigateur pour télécharger les fichiers dont vous avez besoin, soit installer <xref linkend="git"/> et cloner ce dépôt.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	To get the firmware, either point a browser to one of the above repositories and then download the item(s) which you need, or install <xref linkend="git"/> and clone that repository.	Para obter o firmware, ou aponte um navegador para um dos repositórios acima e, então, transfira o(s) item(s) que você precisar; ou instale o <xref linkend="git"/> e clone aquele repositório.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	For some other firmware, particularly for Intel microcode and certain wifi devices, the needed firmware is not available in the above repository. Some of this will be addressed below, but a search of the Internet for needed firmware is sometimes necessary.	For some other firmware, particularly for Intel microcode and certain wifi devices, the needed firmware is not available in the above repository. Some of this will be addressed below, but a search of the Internet for needed firmware is sometimes necessary.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	For some other firmware, particularly for Intel microcode and certain wifi devices, the needed firmware is not available in the above repository. Some of this will be addressed below, but a search of the Internet for needed firmware is sometimes necessary.	Pour certains autres firmwares, particulièrement pour les micro-codes d'Intel, et certains périphériques wi-fi, le firmware recherché n'est pas disponible dans le dépôt précédent. Certains d'entre eux seront ajouté ensuite, mais il est parfois nécessaire de faire une recherche sur internet pour les firmwares souhaités.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	For some other firmware, particularly for Intel microcode and certain wifi devices, the needed firmware is not available in the above repository. Some of this will be addressed below, but a search of the Internet for needed firmware is sometimes necessary.	Para algum outro firmware, particularmente para microcódigo da Intel e certos dispositivos wifi, o firmware necessário não está disponível no repositório acima. Algo disso será endereçado abaixo, porém uma busca da Internet pelo firmware necessário de vez em quando é necessária.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Firmware files are conventionally referred to as blobs because you cannot determine what they will do. Note that firmware is distributed under various different licenses which do not permit disassembly or reverse-engineering.	Firmware files are conventionally referred to as blobs because you cannot determine what they will do. Note that firmware is distributed under various different licenses which do not permit disassembly or reverse-engineering.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Firmware files are conventionally referred to as blobs because you cannot determine what they will do. Note that firmware is distributed under various different licenses which do not permit disassembly or reverse-engineering.	Les fichiers firmwares sont par convention référencés comme des blobs car vous ne pouvez pas déterminer ce qu'ils font. Notez que ces firmwares sont distribués sous des licences différentes et variées qui ne permettent pas le désassemblage ou la retro ingénierie.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Firmware files are conventionally referred to as blobs because you cannot determine what they will do. Note that firmware is distributed under various different licenses which do not permit disassembly or reverse-engineering.	Os arquivos de firmware convencionalmente são referenciados como blobs, pois você não consegue determinar o que eles farão. Observe que o firmware é distribuído sob diferentes licenças que não permitem desmontagem ou engenharia reversa.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Firmware for PCs falls into four categories:	Firmware for PCs falls into four categories:
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Firmware for PCs falls into four categories:	Les firmwares pour PC tombent dans 4 catégories&nbsp;:
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Firmware for PCs falls into four categories:	Firmware para PCs caem em quatro categorias:
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Updates to the CPU to work around errata, usually referred to as microcode.	Updates to the CPU to work around errata, usually referred to as microcode.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Updates to the CPU to work around errata, usually referred to as microcode.	Les firmwares mettant à jour le processeur pour travailler correctement, couramment appelé micro-code.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Updates to the CPU to work around errata, usually referred to as microcode.	Atualizações para a CPU contornar erros, geralmente referenciadas como microcódigo.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Firmware for video controllers. On x86 machines this is required for ATI devices (Radeon and AMDGPU chips) and may be useful for Intel (Skylake and later) and Nvidia (Kepler and later) GPUs.	Firmware for video controllers. On x86 machines this is required for ATI devices (Radeon and AMDGPU chips) and may be useful for Intel (Skylake and later) and Nvidia (Kepler and later) GPUs.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Firmware for video controllers. On x86 machines this is required for ATI devices (Radeon and AMDGPU chips) and may be useful for Intel (Skylake and later) and Nvidia (Kepler and later) GPUs.	Microprogramme pour les contrôleurs vidéo. Sur les machines x86 ils sont requis pour les périphériques ATI (puces Radeon et AMDGPU) et peuvent être utiles pour les GPU Intel (Skylake et ultérieur) et Nvidia (Kepler et ultérieurs).
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Firmware for video controllers. On x86 machines this is required for ATI devices (Radeon and AMDGPU chips) and may be useful for Intel (Skylake and later) and Nvidia (Kepler and later) GPUs.	Firmware para controladores de vídeo. Em máquinas x86, isso é exigido para dispositivos ATI (chips Radeon e AMDGPU); e possivelmente seja útil para GPUs Intel (Skylake e posteriores) e Nvidia (Kepler e posteriores).
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	ATI Radeon and AMDGPU devices all require firmware to be able to use KMS (kernel modesetting - the preferred option) as well as for Xorg. For old radeon chips (before the R600), the firmware is still in the kernel source.	ATI Radeon and AMDGPU devices all require firmware to be able to use KMS (kernel modesetting - the preferred option) as well as for Xorg. For old radeon chips (before the R600), the firmware is still in the kernel source.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	ATI Radeon and AMDGPU devices all require firmware to be able to use KMS (kernel modesetting - the preferred option) as well as for Xorg. For old radeon chips (before the R600), the firmware is still in the kernel source.	Les périphériques ATI Radeom et AMDGPU demandent des microprogrammes pour pouvoir utiliser le KMS (kernel modesetting &mdash; l'option préférée) ainsi que Xorg. Pour les anciennes puces radeon (avant R600), le microprogramme est toujours dans les sources du noyau.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	ATI Radeon and AMDGPU devices all require firmware to be able to use KMS (kernel modesetting - the preferred option) as well as for Xorg. For old radeon chips (before the R600), the firmware is still in the kernel source.	Os dispositivos "ATI Radeon" e "AMGPU" todos exigem "firmware" para estarem aptos a usar o "KMS" (kernel modesetting - a opção preferida), bem como para "Xorg". Para os antigos chips "Radeon" (antes do "R600"), o "firmware" ainda está no fonte do núcleo.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Intel integrated GPUs from Skylake onwards can use firmware for GuC (the Graphics microcontroller), and also for the HuC (HEVC/H265 microcontroller which offloads to the GPU) and the DMC (Display Microcontroller) to provide additional low-power states. The GuC and HuC have had a chequered history in the kernel and updated firmware may be disabled by default, depending on your kernel version. Further details may be found at <ulink url="https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/firmware/">01.org</ulink> and <ulink url="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/intel_graphics">Arch linux</ulink>.	Intel integrated GPUs from Skylake onwards can use firmware for GuC (the Graphics microcontroller), and also for the HuC (HEVC/H265 microcontroller which offloads to the GPU) and the DMC (Display Microcontroller) to provide additional low-power states. The GuC and HuC have had a chequered history in the kernel and updated firmware may be disabled by default, depending on your kernel version. Further details may be found at <ulink url="https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/firmware/">01.org</ulink> and <ulink url="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/intel_graphics">Arch linux</ulink>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Intel integrated GPUs from Skylake onwards can use firmware for GuC (the Graphics microcontroller), and also for the HuC (HEVC/H265 microcontroller which offloads to the GPU) and the DMC (Display Microcontroller) to provide additional low-power states. The GuC and HuC have had a chequered history in the kernel and updated firmware may be disabled by default, depending on your kernel version. Further details may be found at <ulink url="https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/firmware/">01.org</ulink> and <ulink url="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/intel_graphics">Arch linux</ulink>.	Les GPU intégrés d'Intel de Skylake et supérieur peuvent utiliser le microprogramme pour GuC (the microcontrôleur graphique), et le le HuC (le microcontrôleur HEVC/H265 qui décharge vers le GPU) et DMC (microcontrôleur pour l'affichage) pour fournir des états à basse consommation supplémentaires. Le GuC et HuC ont un historique mouvementé dans le noyau et les microprogrammes à jour peuvent être désactivés par défaut, en fonction de la version de votre noyau. Des détails supplémentaires se trouvent sur <ulink url="https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/firmware/">01.org</ulink> et <ulink url="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/intel_graphics">Arch linux</ulink>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Intel integrated GPUs from Skylake onwards can use firmware for GuC (the Graphics microcontroller), and also for the HuC (HEVC/H265 microcontroller which offloads to the GPU) and the DMC (Display Microcontroller) to provide additional low-power states. The GuC and HuC have had a chequered history in the kernel and updated firmware may be disabled by default, depending on your kernel version. Further details may be found at <ulink url="https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/firmware/">01.org</ulink> and <ulink url="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/intel_graphics">Arch linux</ulink>.	GPUs integradas Intel a partir do Skylake em diante conseguem usar firmware para GuC (o microcontrolador Graphics) e, também, para o HuC (microcontrolador HEVC/H265, que descarrega para a GPU); e o DMC (Display Microcontroller) para fornecer estados adicionais de baixa eletricidade. O GuC e o HuC tiveram um histórico duvidoso no núcleo e o firmware atualizado possivelmente esteja desabilitado por padrão, dependendo da sua versão de núcleo. Maiores detalhes podem ser encontrados em <ulink url="https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/firmware/">01.org</ulink>; e <ulink url="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/intel_graphics">Arch linux</ulink>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Nvidia GPUs from Kepler onwards require signed firmware, otherwise the nouveau driver is unable to provide hardware acceleration. Nvidia has now released firmware up to Ampere (GeForce30 series) to linux-firmware. Note that faster clocks than the default are not enabled by the released firmware.	Nvidia GPUs from Kepler onwards require signed firmware, otherwise the nouveau driver is unable to provide hardware acceleration. Nvidia has now released firmware up to Ampere (GeForce30 series) to linux-firmware. Note that faster clocks than the default are not enabled by the released firmware.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Nvidia GPUs from Kepler onwards require signed firmware, otherwise the nouveau driver is unable to provide hardware acceleration. Nvidia has now released firmware up to Ampere (GeForce30 series) to linux-firmware. Note that faster clocks than the default are not enabled by the released firmware.	Les GPU Nvidia à partir de Kepler ont besoin d'un microprogramme signé, sinon le pilote nouveau est incapable de fournir l'accélération matérielle. Nvidia a maintenant fourni des microprogrammes jusqu'à Ampere (la séie GeForce30) dans linux-firmware. Remarquez que les horloges plus rapides que par défaut ne sont pas activées dans le microprogramme publié.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Nvidia GPUs from Kepler onwards require signed firmware, otherwise the nouveau driver is unable to provide hardware acceleration. Nvidia has now released firmware up to Ampere (GeForce30 series) to linux-firmware. Note that faster clocks than the default are not enabled by the released firmware.	"GPUs" "Nvidia" a partir do "Kepler" em diante exigem "firmware" assinado, do contrário o controlador "nouveau" será incapaz de fornecer aceleração de "hardware". "Nvidia" agora lançou "firmware" até o "Ampere" (série "GeForce30") para o "linux-firmware". Observe que os relógios mais rápidos que o padrão não são habilitados pelo "firmware" lançado.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Firmware updates for wired network ports. Most of them work even without the updates, but they will probably work better with the updated firmware. For some modern laptops, firmware for both wired ethernet (e.g. rtl_nic) and also for bluetooth devices (e.g. qca) is <emphasis>required</emphasis> before the wired network can be used.	Firmware updates for wired network ports. Most of them work even without the updates, but they will probably work better with the updated firmware. For some modern laptops, firmware for both wired ethernet (e.g. rtl_nic) and also for bluetooth devices (e.g. qca) is <emphasis>required</emphasis> before the wired network can be used.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Firmware updates for wired network ports. Most of them work even without the updates, but they will probably work better with the updated firmware. For some modern laptops, firmware for both wired ethernet (e.g. rtl_nic) and also for bluetooth devices (e.g. qca) is <emphasis>required</emphasis> before the wired network can be used.	Mises à jour des firmware pour les interfaces réseaux filaires. La plupart fonctionnent sans mise à jour, mais elles fonctionneront sans doute mieux avec un firmware à jour. Pour certains ordinateurs portables récentes, les firmware pour le port ethernet (p. ex. rtl_nic) mais aussi pour les périphériques bluetooth (p. ex. qca) sont <emphasis>requis</emphasis> avant de pouvoir utiliser les réseau filaire.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Firmware updates for wired network ports. Most of them work even without the updates, but they will probably work better with the updated firmware. For some modern laptops, firmware for both wired ethernet (e.g. rtl_nic) and also for bluetooth devices (e.g. qca) is <emphasis>required</emphasis> before the wired network can be used.	Atualizações de firmware para portas cabeadas de rede de comunicação. A maioria delas funciona mesmo sem as atualizações, porém provavelmente funcionarão melhor com o firmware atualizado. Para alguns laptops modernos, o firmware para ambos, ethernet cabeado (por exemplo, rtl_nic), e também para dispositivos bluetooth (por exemplo, qca), é <emphasis>exigido</emphasis> antes que a rede de comunicação cabeada possa ser usada.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Firmware for other devices, such as wireless NICs. These devices are not required for the PC to boot, but need the firmware before these devices can be used.	Firmware for other devices, such as wireless NICs. These devices are not required for the PC to boot, but need the firmware before these devices can be used.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Firmware for other devices, such as wireless NICs. These devices are not required for the PC to boot, but need the firmware before these devices can be used.	Les Firmwares pour les autres périphériques, comme le réseau sans fil. Ces périphériques ne sont pas requis pour que le PC démarre, mais demande un firmware avant que ces périphériques puissent être utilisés.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Firmware for other devices, such as wireless NICs. These devices are not required for the PC to boot, but need the firmware before these devices can be used.	Firmware para outros dispositivos, tais como NICs sem fios. Esses dispositivos não são exigidos para o PC inicializar, porém precisam do firmware antes que esses dispositivos possam ser usados.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Although not needed to load a firmware blob, the following tools may be useful for determining, obtaining, or preparing the needed firmware in order to load it into the system: <xref linkend="cpio"/>, <xref linkend="git"/>, <xref linkend="pciutils"/>, and <xref linkend="wget"/>	Although not needed to load a firmware blob, the following tools may be useful for determining, obtaining, or preparing the needed firmware in order to load it into the system: <xref linkend="cpio"/>, <xref linkend="git"/>, <xref linkend="pciutils"/>, and <xref linkend="wget"/>
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Although not needed to load a firmware blob, the following tools may be useful for determining, obtaining, or preparing the needed firmware in order to load it into the system: <xref linkend="cpio"/>, <xref linkend="git"/>, <xref linkend="pciutils"/>, and <xref linkend="wget"/>	Bien qu’ils soient inutiles pour charger un firmware fermé (blob), les outils suivants peuvent être utiles pour déterminer, obtenir, ou préparer le firmware à utiliser afin de le charger dans le système&nbsp;: <xref linkend="cpio"/>, <xref linkend="git"/>, <xref linkend="pciutils"/> et <xref linkend="wget"/>
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Although not needed to load a firmware blob, the following tools may be useful for determining, obtaining, or preparing the needed firmware in order to load it into the system: <xref linkend="cpio"/>, <xref linkend="git"/>, <xref linkend="pciutils"/>, and <xref linkend="wget"/>	Apesar de não necessárias para carregar um blob de firmware, as seguintes ferramentas possivelmente sejam úteis para determinar, obter ou preparar o firmware necessário para a finalidade de carregá-lo no sistema: <xref linkend="cpio"/>; <xref linkend="git"/>; <xref linkend="pciutils"/>; e <xref linkend="wget"/>
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Microcode updates for CPUs	Microcode updates for CPUs
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Microcode updates for CPUs	Mise à jour de micro-codes pour les CPU
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Microcode updates for CPUs	Atualizações de microcódigo para CPUs
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	In general, microcode can be loaded by the BIOS or UEFI, and it might be updated by upgrading to a newer version of those. On linux, you can also load the microcode from the kernel if you are using an AMD family 10h or later processor (first introduced late 2007), or an Intel processor from 1998 and later (Pentium4, Core, etc), if updated microcode has been released. These updates only last until the machine is powered off, so they need to be applied on every boot.	In general, microcode can be loaded by the BIOS or UEFI, and it might be updated by upgrading to a newer version of those. On linux, you can also load the microcode from the kernel if you are using an AMD family 10h or later processor (first introduced late 2007), or an Intel processor from 1998 and later (Pentium4, Core, etc), if updated microcode has been released. These updates only last until the machine is powered off, so they need to be applied on every boot.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	In general, microcode can be loaded by the BIOS or UEFI, and it might be updated by upgrading to a newer version of those. On linux, you can also load the microcode from the kernel if you are using an AMD family 10h or later processor (first introduced late 2007), or an Intel processor from 1998 and later (Pentium4, Core, etc), if updated microcode has been released. These updates only last until the machine is powered off, so they need to be applied on every boot.	En général, le micro-code peut être chargé par le BIOS ou l'UEFI, et il peut être mis à jour en passant à une nouvelle version de celui-ci. Sur Linux, vous pouvez également charger le micro-code depuis le noyau si vous utilisez au moins un AMD de la famille 10h ou un plus récent (introduit après fin 2007), ou un processeur Intel de 1998 et plus (Pentium4, Core, etc), si un micro-code mis à jour a été publié. Ces mises à jour sont actives seulement jusqu'à ce que la machine soit éteinte, il est donc nécessaire de les appliquer à chaque démarrage.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	In general, microcode can be loaded by the BIOS or UEFI, and it might be updated by upgrading to a newer version of those. On linux, you can also load the microcode from the kernel if you are using an AMD family 10h or later processor (first introduced late 2007), or an Intel processor from 1998 and later (Pentium4, Core, etc), if updated microcode has been released. These updates only last until the machine is powered off, so they need to be applied on every boot.	Em geral, microcódigo pode ser carregado pelo BIOS ou pela UEFI e poderia ser atualizado atualizando-se para uma versão mais recente daqueles. No Linux, você também pode carregar o microcódigo a partir do núcleo se estiver usando um processador AMD família 10h ou posterior (introduzido primeiramente no final de 2007); ou um processador Intel a partir de 1998 e posterior (Pentium4, Core, etc), se microcódigo atualizado tiver sido lançado. Essas atualizações duram somente até que a máquina seja desligada, de forma que elas precisam ser aplicadas a cada inicialização.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Intel provide updates of their microcode for Skylake and later processors as new vulnerabilities come to light, and have in the past provided updates for processors from SandyBridge onwards, although those are no-longer supported for new fixes. New versions of AMD firmware are rare and usually only apply to a few models, although motherboard manufacturers get AGESA (AMD Generic Encapsulated Software Architecture) updates to change BIOS values, e.g. to support more memory variants, new vulnerability fixes or newer CPUs.	Intel provide updates of their microcode for Skylake and later processors as new vulnerabilities come to light, and have in the past provided updates for processors from SandyBridge onwards, although those are no-longer supported for new fixes. New versions of AMD firmware are rare and usually only apply to a few models, although motherboard manufacturers get AGESA (AMD Generic Encapsulated Software Architecture) updates to change BIOS values, e.g. to support more memory variants, new vulnerability fixes or newer CPUs.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Intel provide updates of their microcode for Skylake and later processors as new vulnerabilities come to light, and have in the past provided updates for processors from SandyBridge onwards, although those are no-longer supported for new fixes. New versions of AMD firmware are rare and usually only apply to a few models, although motherboard manufacturers get AGESA (AMD Generic Encapsulated Software Architecture) updates to change BIOS values, e.g. to support more memory variants, new vulnerability fixes or newer CPUs.	Intel fournit des mises à jour de leur microcode pour les versions Skylake et ultérieures de leurs processeurs quand de nouvelles vulnérabilités sont découvertes, et l'ont fait pour les processeurs SandyBridge et ultérieurs par le passé, bien qu'ils ne soient plus pris en charge pour les nouvelles corrections. Les nouvelles versions de microprogramme d'AMD sont rares et ne s'appliquent qu'à quelques modèles, bien que les fabricants de carte mères obtiennent des mises à jour AGESA (AMD Generic Encapsulated Software Architecture) pour changer les valeurs du BIOS, par exemple pour prendre en charge plus de variantes de mémoire, de nouvelles vulnérabilités ou de nouveaux CPU.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Intel provide updates of their microcode for Skylake and later processors as new vulnerabilities come to light, and have in the past provided updates for processors from SandyBridge onwards, although those are no-longer supported for new fixes. New versions of AMD firmware are rare and usually only apply to a few models, although motherboard manufacturers get AGESA (AMD Generic Encapsulated Software Architecture) updates to change BIOS values, e.g. to support more memory variants, new vulnerability fixes or newer CPUs.	A "Intel" fornece atualizações do microcódigo dela para os processadores "Skylake" e posteriores conforme vulnerabilidades novas surjam e forneceu no passado atualizações para processadores a partir do "SandyBridge" em diante, apesar daqueles não mais serem suportados para correções novas. Versões novas do "firmware" "AMD" são raras e geralmente somente se aplicam a uns poucos modelos, apesar dos(as) fabricantes de placas mãe obterem atualizações "AMD Generic Encapsulated Software Architecture" ("AGESA") para mudar os valores do "BIOS", por exemplo, para suportar mais variantes de memória, correções novas de vulnerabilidades ou "CPUs" mais recentes.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	There were two ways of loading the microcode, described as 'early' and 'late'. Early loading happens before userspace has been started, late loading happens after userspace has started. However, late loading is known to be problematic and not supported anymore (see the kernel commit <ulink url="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=d23d33e"> x86/microcode: Taint and warn on late loading</ulink>.) Indeed, early loading is needed to work around one particular erratum in early Intel Haswell processors which had TSX enabled. (See <ulink url= "https://www.anandtech.com/show/8376/intel-disables-tsx-instructions-erratum-found-in-haswell-haswelleep-broadwelly/"> Intel Disables TSX Instructions: Erratum Found in Haswell, Haswell-E/EP, Broadwell-Y</ulink>.) Without this update glibc can do the wrong thing in uncommon situations.	There were two ways of loading the microcode, described as 'early' and 'late'. Early loading happens before userspace has been started, late loading happens after userspace has started. However, late loading is known to be problematic and not supported anymore (see the kernel commit <ulink url="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=d23d33e"> x86/microcode: Taint and warn on late loading</ulink>.) Indeed, early loading is needed to work around one particular erratum in early Intel Haswell processors which had TSX enabled. (See <ulink url= "https://www.anandtech.com/show/8376/intel-disables-tsx-instructions-erratum-found-in-haswell-haswelleep-broadwelly/"> Intel Disables TSX Instructions: Erratum Found in Haswell, Haswell-E/EP, Broadwell-Y</ulink>.) Without this update glibc can do the wrong thing in uncommon situations.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	There were two ways of loading the microcode, described as 'early' and 'late'. Early loading happens before userspace has been started, late loading happens after userspace has started. However, late loading is known to be problematic and not supported anymore (see the kernel commit <ulink url="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=d23d33e"> x86/microcode: Taint and warn on late loading</ulink>.) Indeed, early loading is needed to work around one particular erratum in early Intel Haswell processors which had TSX enabled. (See <ulink url= "https://www.anandtech.com/show/8376/intel-disables-tsx-instructions-erratum-found-in-haswell-haswelleep-broadwelly/"> Intel Disables TSX Instructions: Erratum Found in Haswell, Haswell-E/EP, Broadwell-Y</ulink>.) Without this update glibc can do the wrong thing in uncommon situations.	Il y avait deux façons de charger le microcode, décrites comme «&nbsp;au plus tôt&nbsp;» et «&nbsp;au plus tard&nbsp;». Le chargement «&nbsp;au plus tôt&nbsp;» arrive avant que l'espace utilisateur ne démarre, le chargement «&nbsp;au plus tard&nbsp;» arrive quand l'espace utilisateur est démarré. Cependant, le chargement au plus tard est problématique et n'est plus pris en charge (voir l commit du noyau noté <ulink url="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=d23d33e">x86/microcode: Taint and warn on late loading</ulink>). En effet, il est nécessaire de contourner une erreur particulière dans les premiers processeurs Intel Haswell qui ont le TSX d'activé. (Voir <ulink url= "https://www.anandtech.com/show/8376/intel-disables-tsx-instructions-erratum-found-in-haswell-haswelleep-broadwelly/">Intel Disables TSX Instructions: Erratum Found in Haswell, Haswell-E/EP, Broadwell-Y</ulink>). Sans cette mise à jour glibc peut produire des erreurs dans des situations particulières.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	There were two ways of loading the microcode, described as 'early' and 'late'. Early loading happens before userspace has been started, late loading happens after userspace has started. However, late loading is known to be problematic and not supported anymore (see the kernel commit <ulink url="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=d23d33e"> x86/microcode: Taint and warn on late loading</ulink>.) Indeed, early loading is needed to work around one particular erratum in early Intel Haswell processors which had TSX enabled. (See <ulink url= "https://www.anandtech.com/show/8376/intel-disables-tsx-instructions-erratum-found-in-haswell-haswelleep-broadwelly/"> Intel Disables TSX Instructions: Erratum Found in Haswell, Haswell-E/EP, Broadwell-Y</ulink>.) Without this update glibc can do the wrong thing in uncommon situations.	Existiam duas maneiras de carregar o microcódigo, descritas como "antecipada" e "atrasada". O carregamento antecipado ocorre antes que o espaço de usuário(a) tenha sido iniciado; o carregamento atrasado ocorre depois que o espaço de usuário(a) iniciou. No entanto, o carregamento atrasado é conhecido por ser problemático e não mais é suportado (veja-se o "commit" do núcleo <ulink url="https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=d23d33e">x86/microcode: Taint and warn on late loading</ulink>). Na verdade, o carregamento antecipado é necessário para contornar uma errata específica nos primeiros processadores "Intel" "Haswell" que tinham "TSX" habilitado. (Veja-se <ulink url= "https://www.anandtech.com/show/8376/intel-disables-tsx-instructions-erratum-found-in-haswell-haswelleep-broadwelly/"> Intel Disables TSX Instructions: Erratum Found in Haswell, Haswell-E/EP, Broadwell-Y</ulink>). Sem essa atualização, a "glibc" pode fazer a coisa errada em situações incomuns.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	In previous versions of this book, late loading of microcode to see if it gets applied was recommended, followed by using an initrd to force early loading. But now that the contents of the Intel microcode tarball is documented, and AMD microcode can be read by a Python script to determine which machines it covers, there is no real reason to use late loading.	In previous versions of this book, late loading of microcode to see if it gets applied was recommended, followed by using an initrd to force early loading. But now that the contents of the Intel microcode tarball is documented, and AMD microcode can be read by a Python script to determine which machines it covers, there is no real reason to use late loading.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	In previous versions of this book, late loading of microcode to see if it gets applied was recommended, followed by using an initrd to force early loading. But now that the contents of the Intel microcode tarball is documented, and AMD microcode can be read by a Python script to determine which machines it covers, there is no real reason to use late loading.	Dans les versions précédentes de ce livre, nous recommandions le chargement au plus tard pour voir s'il était appliqué, suivi par l'utilisation d'un initrd pour forcer le chargement au plus tôt. Mais maintenant que le contenu de l'archive de microcode Intel est documenté, et que le microcode AMD peut être lu par un script Python pour déterminer les machines qu'il couvre, il n'y a plus de raison d'utiliser le chargement au plus tard.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	In previous versions of this book, late loading of microcode to see if it gets applied was recommended, followed by using an initrd to force early loading. But now that the contents of the Intel microcode tarball is documented, and AMD microcode can be read by a Python script to determine which machines it covers, there is no real reason to use late loading.	Nas versões anteriores deste livro, era recomendado o carregamento atrasado do microcódigo para verificar se ele seria aplicado, seguido pelo uso de um "initrd" para forçar o carregamento antecipado. Mas agora que o conteúdo do "tarball" do microcódigo "Intel" está documentado e o microcódigo "AMD" pode ser lido por um script "Python" para determinar quais máquinas ele cobre, não existe razão real para usar o carregamento atrasado.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	It might be still possible to manually force late loading of microcode. But it may cause kernel malfunction and you should take the risk yourself. You will need to reconfigure your kernel for either method. The instructions here will show you how to create an initrd for early loading. It is also possible to build the same microcode bin file into the kernel, which allows early loading but requires the kernel to be recompiled to update the microcode.	It might be still possible to manually force late loading of microcode. But it may cause kernel malfunction and you should take the risk yourself. You will need to reconfigure your kernel for either method. The instructions here will show you how to create an initrd for early loading. It is also possible to build the same microcode bin file into the kernel, which allows early loading but requires the kernel to be recompiled to update the microcode.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	It might be still possible to manually force late loading of microcode. But it may cause kernel malfunction and you should take the risk yourself. You will need to reconfigure your kernel for either method. The instructions here will show you how to create an initrd for early loading. It is also possible to build the same microcode bin file into the kernel, which allows early loading but requires the kernel to be recompiled to update the microcode.	Il reste peut-être possible de manuellement forcer le chargement «&nbsp;au plus tard&nbsp;» du microcode, mais cela pourrait occasionner une malfonction du noyau et vous devez être conscient·e du risque. Vous devrez reconfigurer votre noyau pour l'une ou l'autre méthode. Les instructions ici montrent comment créer un initrd pour un chargement «&nbsp;au plus tôt&nbsp;». Il est aussi possible d'intégrer le même fichier binaire de microcode dans le noyau, ce qui permet le chargement au plus tôt mais nécessite de recompiler le noyau pour mettre à jour le microcode.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	It might be still possible to manually force late loading of microcode. But it may cause kernel malfunction and you should take the risk yourself. You will need to reconfigure your kernel for either method. The instructions here will show you how to create an initrd for early loading. It is also possible to build the same microcode bin file into the kernel, which allows early loading but requires the kernel to be recompiled to update the microcode.	Ainda pode ser possível forçar manualmente o carregamento atrasado do microcódigo. Mas isso possivelmente cause mau funcionamento do núcleo e você mesmo(a) deveria correr o risco. Você precisará reconfigurar seu núcleo para qualquer um dos métodos. As instruções aqui te mostrarão como criar um "initrd" para carregamento antecipado. Também é possível construir o mesmo arquivo binário de microcódigo interno ao núcleo, o que permite o carregamento antecipado, mas exige que o núcleo seja recompilado para atualizar o microcódigo.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	To confirm what processor(s) you have (if more than one, they will be identical) look in /proc/cpuinfo. Determine the decimal values of the cpu family, model and stepping by running the following command (it will also report the current microcode version):	To confirm what processor(s) you have (if more than one, they will be identical) look in /proc/cpuinfo. Determine the decimal values of the cpu family, model and stepping by running the following command (it will also report the current microcode version):
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	To confirm what processor(s) you have (if more than one, they will be identical) look in /proc/cpuinfo. Determine the decimal values of the cpu family, model and stepping by running the following command (it will also report the current microcode version):	Pour déterminer l'identité de votre processeur (s'il y en a plus d'un, ils seront identiques) regardez dans /proc/cpuinfo. Déterminez les valeurs décimales de la famille du processeur, le modèle, et le pas en exécutant la commande suivante (elle rapportera aussi la version actuelle du micro-code)&nbsp;:
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	To confirm what processor(s) you have (if more than one, they will be identical) look in /proc/cpuinfo. Determine the decimal values of the cpu family, model and stepping by running the following command (it will also report the current microcode version):	Para confirmar qual(is) processador(es) você tem (se mais que um, eles serão idênticos) olhe em "/proc/cpuinfo". Determine os valores decimais da família da "CPU"; do modelo; e da revisão executando o seguinte comando (também informará a versão atual do microcódigo):
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	<userinput>head -n7 /proc/cpuinfo</userinput>	<userinput>head -n7 /proc/cpuinfo</userinput>
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	<userinput>head -n7 /proc/cpuinfo</userinput>	<userinput>head -n7 /proc/cpuinfo</userinput>
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	<userinput>head -n7 /proc/cpuinfo</userinput>	<userinput>head -n7 /proc/cpuinfo</userinput>
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Convert the cpu family, model and stepping to pairs of hexadecimal digits, and remember the value of the <quote>microcode</quote> field. You can now check if there is any microcode available.	Convert the cpu family, model and stepping to pairs of hexadecimal digits, and remember the value of the <quote>microcode</quote> field. You can now check if there is any microcode available.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Convert the cpu family, model and stepping to pairs of hexadecimal digits, and remember the value of the <quote>microcode</quote> field. You can now check if there is any microcode available.	Convertissez la famille, le modèle et le pas du processeur en paires de nombre hexadécimaux et rappelez-vous la valeur du champ <quote>microcode</quote>. Vous pouvez maintenant vérifier si un microcode est disponible.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Convert the cpu family, model and stepping to pairs of hexadecimal digits, and remember the value of the <quote>microcode</quote> field. You can now check if there is any microcode available.	Converta a família da "CPU", o modelo e a revisão em pares de dígitos hexadecimais e lembre-se do valor do campo <quote>microcode</quote>. Agora você pode verificar se existe algum microcódigo disponível.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	If you are creating an initrd to update firmware for different machines, as a distro would do, go down to 'Early loading of microcode' and cat all the Intel blobs to GenuineIntel.bin or cat all the AMD blobs to AuthenticAMD.bin. This creates a larger initrd - for all Intel machines in the 20200609 update the size was 3.0 MB compared to typically 24 KB for one machine.	If you are creating an initrd to update firmware for different machines, as a distro would do, go down to 'Early loading of microcode' and cat all the Intel blobs to GenuineIntel.bin or cat all the AMD blobs to AuthenticAMD.bin. This creates a larger initrd - for all Intel machines in the 20200609 update the size was 3.0 MB compared to typically 24 KB for one machine.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	If you are creating an initrd to update firmware for different machines, as a distro would do, go down to 'Early loading of microcode' and cat all the Intel blobs to GenuineIntel.bin or cat all the AMD blobs to AuthenticAMD.bin. This creates a larger initrd - for all Intel machines in the 20200609 update the size was 3.0 MB compared to typically 24 KB for one machine.	Si vous créez un initrd pour mettre à jour le microcode de différentes machines, comme le ferait une distro, regardez «&nbsp;Chargement du microcode au plus tôt&nbsp;» et concaténez tous les blobs Intel dans GenuineIntel.bin ou tous ceux de AMD dans AUthenticAMD.bin. Cela crée un initrd plus gros — pour toutes les machines Intel dans la mise à jour 20200609 la taille est de 3,0&nbsp;Mo par rapport à 24 Ko pour une seule machine.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	If you are creating an initrd to update firmware for different machines, as a distro would do, go down to 'Early loading of microcode' and cat all the Intel blobs to GenuineIntel.bin or cat all the AMD blobs to AuthenticAMD.bin. This creates a larger initrd - for all Intel machines in the 20200609 update the size was 3.0 MB compared to typically 24 KB for one machine.	Se você estiver criando um "initrd" para atualizar "firmware" para máquinas diferentes, como uma distribuição faria, [então] vá para baixo até 'Carregamento antecipado do microcódigo' e concatene todos os "blobs" "Intel" para "GenuineIntel.bin"; ou concatene todos os "blobs" "AMD" para "AuthenticAMD.bin". Isso cria um "initrd" mais largo - para todas as máquinas "Intel" na atualização 20200609, o tamanho era de três (3,0) MB comparado a tipicamente vinte e quatro (24) KB para uma máquina.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Intel Microcode for the CPU	Intel Microcode for the CPU
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Intel Microcode for the CPU	Micro-code Intel pour le processeur
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Intel Microcode for the CPU	Microcódigo Intel para a CPU
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	The first step is to get the most recent version of the Intel microcode. This must be done by navigating to <ulink url= 'https://github.com/intel/Intel-Linux-Processor-Microcode-Data-Files/releases/'/> and downloading the latest file there. As of this writing the most secure version of the microcode is microcode-20230808. Extract this file in the normal way, the microcode is in the <filename>intel-ucode </filename> directory, containing various blobs with names in the form XX-YY-ZZ. There are also various other files, and a releasenote.	The first step is to get the most recent version of the Intel microcode. This must be done by navigating to <ulink url= 'https://github.com/intel/Intel-Linux-Processor-Microcode-Data-Files/releases/'/> and downloading the latest file there. As of this writing the most secure version of the microcode is microcode-20230808. Extract this file in the normal way, the microcode is in the <filename>intel-ucode </filename> directory, containing various blobs with names in the form XX-YY-ZZ. There are also various other files, and a releasenote.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	The first step is to get the most recent version of the Intel microcode. This must be done by navigating to <ulink url= 'https://github.com/intel/Intel-Linux-Processor-Microcode-Data-Files/releases/'/> and downloading the latest file there. As of this writing the most secure version of the microcode is microcode-20230808. Extract this file in the normal way, the microcode is in the <filename>intel-ucode </filename> directory, containing various blobs with names in the form XX-YY-ZZ. There are also various other files, and a releasenote.	La première étape consiste à obtenir la version la plus récente du microcode d'Intel. Vous devez pour cela aller sur <ulink url= 'https://github.com/intel/Intel-Linux-Processor-Microcode-Data-Files/releases/'/> et télécharger le fichier le plus récent. Au moment de l'écriture de ces lignes la version la plus sure du micro-code est microcode-20230808. Extrayez ce fichier normalement, le microcode se trouve dans le répertoire <filename>intel-ucode</filename> qui contient les divers blobs avec des noms de la forme XX-YY-ZZ. Il y a aussi d'autres fichiers divers et un fichier releasenote.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	The first step is to get the most recent version of the Intel microcode. This must be done by navigating to <ulink url= 'https://github.com/intel/Intel-Linux-Processor-Microcode-Data-Files/releases/'/> and downloading the latest file there. As of this writing the most secure version of the microcode is microcode-20230808. Extract this file in the normal way, the microcode is in the <filename>intel-ucode </filename> directory, containing various blobs with names in the form XX-YY-ZZ. There are also various other files, and a releasenote.	O primeiro passo é o de obter a versão mais recente do microcódigo da Intel. Isso precisa ser feito navegando-se até <ulink url= 'https://github.com/intel/Intel-Linux-Processor-Microcode-Data-Files/releases/'/> e baixando-se o arquivo mais recente lá. Ao tempo da escrita deste texto, a versão mais segura do microcódigo era microcode-20230808. Extraia esse arquivo da maneira normal; o microcódigo está no diretório <filename>intel-ucode</filename>, contendo vários "blobs" com nomes na forma "XX-YY-ZZ". Existem também vários outros arquivos e uma observação de lançamento.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	In the past, intel did not provide any details of which blobs had changed versions, but now the releasenote details this. You can compare the microcode version in <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> with the version for your CPU model in the releasenote to know if there is an update.	In the past, intel did not provide any details of which blobs had changed versions, but now the releasenote details this. You can compare the microcode version in <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> with the version for your CPU model in the releasenote to know if there is an update.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	In the past, intel did not provide any details of which blobs had changed versions, but now the releasenote details this. You can compare the microcode version in <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> with the version for your CPU model in the releasenote to know if there is an update.	Par le passé, Intel ne fournissait aucun détails sur les blobs dont la version changeait, mais maintenant les releasenote en parlent. Vous pouvez comparer la version du microcode dans <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> avec la version pour votre modèle de CPU dans les releasenote pour savoir s'il y a une mise à jour.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	In the past, intel did not provide any details of which blobs had changed versions, but now the releasenote details this. You can compare the microcode version in <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> with the version for your CPU model in the releasenote to know if there is an update.	No passado, a "Intel" não fornecia quaisquer detalhes relativos a quais "blobs" tinham versões mudadas, mas agora a nota de lançamento detalha isso. Você consegue comparar a versão do microcódigo em <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> com a versão do seu modelo de "CPU" na nota de lançamento para saber se existe uma atualização.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	The recent firmware for older processors is provided to deal with vulnerabilities which have now been made public, and for some of these such as Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) you might wish to increase the protection by disabling hyperthreading, or alternatively to disable the kernel's default mitigation because of its impact on compile times. Please read the online documentation at <ulink url= 'https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html'/>.	The recent firmware for older processors is provided to deal with vulnerabilities which have now been made public, and for some of these such as Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) you might wish to increase the protection by disabling hyperthreading, or alternatively to disable the kernel's default mitigation because of its impact on compile times. Please read the online documentation at <ulink url= 'https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html'/>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	The recent firmware for older processors is provided to deal with vulnerabilities which have now been made public, and for some of these such as Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) you might wish to increase the protection by disabling hyperthreading, or alternatively to disable the kernel's default mitigation because of its impact on compile times. Please read the online documentation at <ulink url= 'https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html'/>.	Le firmware récent pour les processeurs les plus anciens est fournit pour traiter des vulnérabilités qui ont été rendue publiques, et pour certains d'entre eux comme le <foreignphrase>Microarchitectural Data Sampling</foreignphrase> (MDS) vous pourriez vouloir augmenter la protection en désactivant l'hyperthreading ou en désactivant les contournements par défaut du noyau à cause de son impact sur les temps de compilation. Lisez bien la documentation en ligne sur <ulink url= 'https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html'/>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	The recent firmware for older processors is provided to deal with vulnerabilities which have now been made public, and for some of these such as Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) you might wish to increase the protection by disabling hyperthreading, or alternatively to disable the kernel's default mitigation because of its impact on compile times. Please read the online documentation at <ulink url= 'https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html'/>.	O firmware recente para processadores mais antigos é fornecido para lidar com vulnerabilidades que agora tenham sido tornadas públicas e, para algumas dessas, tais como Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS), você poderia desejar aumentar a proteção desabilitando hyperthreading; ou, alternativamente, desabilitar a mitigação padrão do núcleo, por causa do impacto dela sobre os tempos de compilação. Por favor, leia a documentação online em <ulink url= 'https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/hw-vuln/index.html'/>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	For an Tigerlake mobile (described as Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-11300H CPU) the relevant values are cpu family 6, model 140, stepping 1 so in this case the required identification is 06-8c-01. The releasenote says the latest microcode for it is versioned 0xac. If the value of the <quote>microcode</quote> field in <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> is 0xac or greater, it indicates the microcode update is already applied by the BIOS. Otherwise, configure the kernel to support loading Intel microcode, and then proceed to <xref linkend='early-microcode'/>:	For an Tigerlake mobile (described as Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-11300H CPU) the relevant values are cpu family 6, model 140, stepping 1 so in this case the required identification is 06-8c-01. The releasenote says the latest microcode for it is versioned 0xac. If the value of the <quote>microcode</quote> field in <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> is 0xac or greater, it indicates the microcode update is already applied by the BIOS. Otherwise, configure the kernel to support loading Intel microcode, and then proceed to <xref linkend='early-microcode'/>:
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	For an Tigerlake mobile (described as Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-11300H CPU) the relevant values are cpu family 6, model 140, stepping 1 so in this case the required identification is 06-8c-01. The releasenote says the latest microcode for it is versioned 0xac. If the value of the <quote>microcode</quote> field in <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> is 0xac or greater, it indicates the microcode update is already applied by the BIOS. Otherwise, configure the kernel to support loading Intel microcode, and then proceed to <xref linkend='early-microcode'/>:	Pour un mobile Tigerlake (décrit comme Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-1300H CPU) les valeurs utiles sont famille CPU 6, modèle 140, pas 1, donc dans ce cas l'identifiant requis est 06-8c-01. Les releasenote disent que le dernier microcode pour ce CPU est la version 0xac. Si la valeur du champ <quote>microcode</quote> dans <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> est 0xac ou plus, cela signifie que la mise à jour du microcode est déjà appliquée par le BIOS. Sinon, configurez le noyau pour prendre en charge le chargement du microcode Intel puis consultez <xref linkend='early-microcode'/>.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	For an Tigerlake mobile (described as Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-11300H CPU) the relevant values are cpu family 6, model 140, stepping 1 so in this case the required identification is 06-8c-01. The releasenote says the latest microcode for it is versioned 0xac. If the value of the <quote>microcode</quote> field in <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> is 0xac or greater, it indicates the microcode update is already applied by the BIOS. Otherwise, configure the kernel to support loading Intel microcode, and then proceed to <xref linkend='early-microcode'/>:	Para um dispositivo móvel Tigerlake (descrito como CPU Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-11300H), os valores relevantes são "cpu family 6", "model 140", "stepping 1", de modo que, nesse caso, a identificação exigida é "06-8c-01". A observação de lançamento diz que o microcódigo mais recente para ele é versionado "0xac". Se o valor do campo <quote>microcode</quote> em <filename>/proc/cpuinfo</filename> for "0xac" ou superior, isso indica que a atualização do microcódigo já foi aplicada pelo BIOS. Caso contrário, configure o núcleo para suportar o carregamento do microcódigo Intel e prossiga para <xref linkend='early-microcode'/>:
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	AMD Microcode for the CPU	AMD Microcode for the CPU
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	AMD Microcode for the CPU	Micro-code AMD pour le processeur
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	AMD Microcode for the CPU	Microcódigo AMD para a CPU
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	Begin by downloading a container of firmware for your CPU family from <ulink url= '&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/amd-ucode/'/>. The family is always specified in hex. Families 10h to 14h (16 to 20) are in microcode_amd.bin. Families 15h, 16h, 17h (Zen, Zen+, Zen2) and 19h (Zen3) have their own containers, but very few machines are likely to get updated microcode. Instead, AMD provide an updated AGESA to the motherboard makers, who may provide an updated BIOS using this. There is a Python3 script at <ulink url= 'https://github.com/AMDESE/amd_ucode_info/blob/master/amd_ucode_info.py'/>. Download that script and run it against the bin file to check which processors have updates.	Begin by downloading a container of firmware for your CPU family from <ulink url= '&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/amd-ucode/'/>. The family is always specified in hex. Families 10h to 14h (16 to 20) are in microcode_amd.bin. Families 15h, 16h, 17h (Zen, Zen+, Zen2) and 19h (Zen3) have their own containers, but very few machines are likely to get updated microcode. Instead, AMD provide an updated AGESA to the motherboard makers, who may provide an updated BIOS using this. There is a Python3 script at <ulink url= 'https://github.com/AMDESE/amd_ucode_info/blob/master/amd_ucode_info.py'/>. Download that script and run it against the bin file to check which processors have updates.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — French	Begin by downloading a container of firmware for your CPU family from <ulink url= '&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/amd-ucode/'/>. The family is always specified in hex. Families 10h to 14h (16 to 20) are in microcode_amd.bin. Families 15h, 16h, 17h (Zen, Zen+, Zen2) and 19h (Zen3) have their own containers, but very few machines are likely to get updated microcode. Instead, AMD provide an updated AGESA to the motherboard makers, who may provide an updated BIOS using this. There is a Python3 script at <ulink url= 'https://github.com/AMDESE/amd_ucode_info/blob/master/amd_ucode_info.py'/>. Download that script and run it against the bin file to check which processors have updates.	Commencez par télécharger un paquet de firmware pour votre famille de CPU sur <ulink url= '&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/amd-ucode/'/>. La famille est toujours spécifiée en hexadécimal. Les familles 10h à 14h (16 à 20) sont dans microcode_amd.bin. Les familles 15h, 16h, 17h (Zen, Zen+, Zen2) et 19h (Zen3) ont leur propre conteneur. Seules quelques machines sont susceptibles de recevoir une mise à jour du microcode. Au lieu de cela, AMD fournit un AGESA à jour aux constructeurs de cartes mères qui peuvent l'utiliser pour proposer une mise à jour du BIOS. Il y a un script Python3 sur <ulink url= 'https://github.com/AMDESE/amd_ucode_info/blob/master/amd_ucode_info.py'/>. Téléchargez ce script et lancez-le avec le fichier binaire pour vérifier si vos processeurs ont une mise à jour.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — Portuguese (Brazil)	Begin by downloading a container of firmware for your CPU family from <ulink url= '&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/amd-ucode/'/>. The family is always specified in hex. Families 10h to 14h (16 to 20) are in microcode_amd.bin. Families 15h, 16h, 17h (Zen, Zen+, Zen2) and 19h (Zen3) have their own containers, but very few machines are likely to get updated microcode. Instead, AMD provide an updated AGESA to the motherboard makers, who may provide an updated BIOS using this. There is a Python3 script at <ulink url= 'https://github.com/AMDESE/amd_ucode_info/blob/master/amd_ucode_info.py'/>. Download that script and run it against the bin file to check which processors have updates.	Comece baixando um contêiner do "firmware" para a família da sua "CPU" a partir de <ulink url= '&sources-anduin-http;/linux-firmware/amd-ucode/'/>. A família sempre é especificada em hexadecimal. As famílias "10h" até "14h" (16 até 20) estão no "microcode_amd.bin". As famílias "15h", "16h", "17h" ("Zen", "Zen+", "Zen2") e "19h" ("Zen3") tem os contêineres próprios delas, mas pouquíssimas máquinas provavelmente receberão microcódigo atualizado. Em vez disso, a "AMD" fornece um "AGESA" atualizado para os(as) fabricantes de placas-mãe, que possivelmente forneçam um "BIOS" atualizado usando-o. Existe um script "Python3" em <ulink url= 'https://github.com/AMDESE/amd_ucode_info/blob/master/amd_ucode_info.py'/>. Baixe esse script e execute-o em relação ao arquivo "bin" para verificar quais processadores tem atualizações.
	Beyond Linux From Scratch 12.0/postlfs_config_firmware — English	For the very old Athlon(tm) II X2 in these examples the values were cpu family 16, model 5, stepping 3 giving an identification of Family=0x10 Model=0x05 Stepping=0x03. One line of the <command>amd_ucode_info.py</command> script output describes the microcode version for it:	For the very old Athlon(tm) II X2 in these examples the values were cpu family 16, model 5, stepping 3 giving an identification of Family=0x10 Model=0x05 Stepping=0x03. One line of the <command>amd_ucode_info.py</command> script output describes the microcode version for it:

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