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One way to ensure that the <envar>LFS</envar> variable is always set is to edit the <filename>.bash_profile</filename> file in both your personal home directory and in <filename>/root/.bash_profile</filename> and enter the export command above. In addition, the shell specified in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file for all users that need the <envar>LFS</envar> variable must be bash to ensure that the <filename>/root/.bash_profile</filename> file is incorporated as a part of the login process.
Une manière de vous assurer que la variable <envar>LFS</envar> est toujours définie est d'éditer le fichier <filename>.bash_profile</filename> à la fois dans votre répertoire personnel et dans le fichier <filename>/root/.bash_profile</filename> et d'y saisir la commande d'export mentionnée ci-dessus. De plus, pour tous les utilisateurs ayant besoin de la variable <envar>LFS</envar>, le shell indiqué dans le fichier <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> doit être «&nbsp;bash&nbsp;» afin de s'assurer que le fichier <filename>/root/.bash_profile</filename> soit inclus dans le processus de connexion.
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File “lfs/fr/part3intro/toolchaintechnotes.po” was added. 2 months ago
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Upon entering the chroot environment in <xref linkend="chapter-chroot-temporary-tools"/>, the temporary installations of programs needed for the proper operation of the toolchain are performed. From this point onwards, the core toolchain is self-contained and self-hosted. In <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>, final versions of all the packages needed for a fully functional system are built, tested, and installed.
À l’entrée de l'environnement chroot dans le <xref linkend="chapter-chroot-temporary-tools"/>, les programmes nécessaires au bon fonctionnement de la chaîne de compilation sont installés de manière temporaire. À partir de là, la chaîne de construction de base est auto-suffisante et auto-hébergée. Dans le <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>, vous construirez, testerez et installerez les versions finales de tous les paquets nécessaires au bon fonctionnement du système complet.
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At the end of <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> the native LFS compiler is installed. First binutils-pass2 is built, in the same <envar>DESTDIR</envar> directory as the other programs, then the second pass of gcc is constructed, omitting some non-critical libraries. Due to some weird logic in gcc's configure script, <envar>CC_FOR_TARGET</envar> ends up as <command>cc</command> when the host is the same as the target, but different from the build system. This is why <parameter>CC_FOR_TARGET=$LFS_TGT-gcc</parameter> is declared explicitly as one of the configuration options.
À la fin du <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/>, le compilateur LFS natif est installé. binutils-pass2 est construit en premier, avec le même répertoire d’installation <envar>DESTDIR</envar> que les autres programmes, puis la deuxième passe de gcc est construite sans les bibliothèques inutiles. En raison d’un comportement illogique dans le script configure de gcc, <envar>CC_FOR_TARGET</envar> devient <command>cc</command> lorsque l'hôte est identique à la cible, mais différent du système de construction. C'est pourquoi le paramètre <parameter>CC_FOR_TARGET=$LFS_TGT-gcc</parameter> est déclaré de façon explicite dans les options de configure.
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As mentioned above, the standard C++ library is compiled next, followed in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> by other programs that must be cross-compiled to break circular dependencies at build time. The install step of all those packages uses the <envar>DESTDIR</envar> variable to force installation in the LFS filesystem.
Comme indiqué précédemment, la bibliothèque standard C++ est ensuite compilée, suivie dans le <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> par les autres programmes qui nécessitent une compilation croisée en raison des dépendances circulaires qu’ils cassent lors de la construction. L’installation forcée de tous ces paquets sur le système de fichiers LFS nécessite la variable <envar>DESTDIR</envar>.
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Next comes glibc. The most important considerations for building glibc are the compiler, binary tools, and kernel headers. The compiler and binary tools are generally not an issue since glibc will always those relating to the <parameter>--host</parameter> parameter passed to its configure script; e.g., in our case, the compiler will be <command>$LFS_TGT-gcc</command> and the <command>readelf</command> tool will be <command>$LFS_TGT-readelf</command>. The kernel headers can be a bit more complicated. Therefore, we take no risks and use the available configure switch to enforce the correct selection. After the run of <command>configure</command>, check the contents of the <filename>config.make</filename> file in the <filename class="directory">build</filename> directory for all important details. These items highlight an important aspect of the glibc package&mdash;it is very self-sufficient in terms of its build machinery, and generally does not rely on toolchain defaults.
Glibc est le paquet suivant à installer. Le compilateur, les outils binaires et les en-têtes du noyau sont les éléments les plus importants à prendre en considération pour construire glibc. Le compilateur et les outils binaires ne posent généralement pas de problème car glibc utilise toujours ceux liés à l’option <parameter>--host</parameter> passée à son script configure. Par exemple, dans notre cas, le compilateur sera <command>$LFS_TGT-gcc</command> et l'outil <command>readelf</command> sera <command>$LFS_TGT-readelf</command>. Les en-têtes du noyau s’avèrent un peu plus compliqués. Ne prenez donc pas de risque et utilisez l'option de configure disponible pour exécuter la bonne sélection. Après l'exécution de <command>configure</command>, vérifiez le contenu et les détails importants du fichier <filename>config.make</filename> dans le répertoire <filename class="directory">build</filename>. Ces éléments mettent en avant un aspect important du paquet glibc&nbsp;: il est auto-suffisant en termes de construction et ne repose généralement pas sur la chaîne de compilation par défaut.
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Next up: sanitized Linux API headers. These allow the standard C library (glibc) to interface with features that the Linux kernel will provide.
L’installation suivante concerne les en-têtes nettoyés de l’API de Linux. Ils permettent à la bibliothèque standard C (glibc) d’interagir avec les fonctionnalités fournies par le noyau Linux.
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Detailed information can be obtained from <command>gcc</command> by passing it the <parameter>-v</parameter> command line option while compiling a program. For example, <command>$LFS_TGT-gcc -v <replaceable>example.c</replaceable></command> (or without <command> $LFS_TGT-</command> if coming back later) will show detailed information about the preprocessor, compilation, and assembly stages, including <command>gcc</command>'s search paths for included headers and their order.
Vous pouvez obtenir des informations détaillées grâce à la commande <command>gcc</command> en lui passant l’option <parameter>-v</parameter> lors de la compilation d'un programme. Par exemple, la commande <command>$LFS_TGT-gcc -v <replaceable>example.c</replaceable></command> (sans <command> $LFS_TGT-</command> si vous revenez plus tard) affichera des informations détaillées sur les phases de préprocesseur, de compilation et d’assemblage, ainsi que les chemins de recherche de <command>gcc</command> pour les en-têtes inclus et leur ordre.
2 months ago
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