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Overview

Project website www.linuxfromscratch.org
Language English
Language code en
Text direction Left to right
Case sensitivity Case-sensitive
Number of speakers 1,728,900,209
44 minutes ago

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Total 9,018 86,990 735,697
Translated 100% 9,018 100% 86,990 100% 735,697
Needs editing 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Read-only 100% 9,018 100% 86,990 100% 735,697
Failing checks 1% 128 3% 3,400 4% 30,433
Strings with suggestions 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
Untranslated strings 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0
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Upon entering the chroot environment in <xref linkend="chapter-chroot-temporary-tools"/>, the temporary installations of programs needed for the proper operation of the toolchain are performed. From this point onwards, the core toolchain is self-contained and self-hosted. In <xref linkend="chapter-building-system"/>, final versions of all the packages needed for a fully functional system are built, tested, and installed.
11 months ago
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At the end of <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> the native LFS compiler is installed. First binutils-pass2 is built, in the same <envar>DESTDIR</envar> directory as the other programs, then the second pass of gcc is constructed, omitting some non-critical libraries. Due to some weird logic in gcc's configure script, <envar>CC_FOR_TARGET</envar> ends up as <command>cc</command> when the host is the same as the target, but different from the build system. This is why <parameter>CC_FOR_TARGET=$LFS_TGT-gcc</parameter> is declared explicitly as one of the configuration options.
11 months ago
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As mentioned above, the standard C++ library is compiled next, followed in <xref linkend="chapter-temporary-tools"/> by other programs that must be cross-compiled to break circular dependencies at build time. The install step of all those packages uses the <envar>DESTDIR</envar> variable to force installation in the LFS filesystem.
11 months ago
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Next comes glibc. The most important considerations for building glibc are the compiler, binary tools, and kernel headers. The compiler is generally not an issue since glibc will always use the compiler relating to the <parameter>--host</parameter> parameter passed to its configure script; e.g., in our case, the compiler will be <command>$LFS_TGT-gcc</command>. The binary tools and kernel headers can be a bit more complicated. Therefore, we take no risks and use the available configure switches to enforce the correct selections. After the run of <command>configure</command>, check the contents of the <filename>config.make</filename> file in the <filename class="directory">build</filename> directory for all important details. Note the use of <parameter>CC="$LFS_TGT-gcc"</parameter> (with <envar>$LFS_TGT</envar> expanded) to control which binary tools are used and the use of the <parameter>-nostdinc</parameter> and <parameter>-isystem</parameter> flags to control the compiler's include search path. These items highlight an important aspect of the glibc package&mdash;it is very self-sufficient in terms of its build machinery, and generally does not rely on toolchain defaults.
11 months ago
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Next up: sanitized Linux API headers. These allow the standard C library (glibc) to interface with features that the Linux kernel will provide.
11 months ago
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Detailed information can be obtained from <command>gcc</command> by passing it the <parameter>-v</parameter> command line option while compiling a program. For example, <command>$LFS_TGT-gcc -v <replaceable>example.c</replaceable></command> (or without <command> $LFS_TGT-</command> if coming back later) will show detailed information about the preprocessor, compilation, and assembly stages, including <command>gcc</command>'s search paths for included headers and their order.
11 months ago
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This is important for the reasons mentioned above. It also demonstrates that gcc's configure script does not search the PATH directories to find which tools to use. However, during the actual operation of <command>gcc</command> itself, the same search paths are not necessarily used. To find out which standard linker <command>gcc</command> will use, run: <command>$LFS_TGT-gcc -print-prog-name=ld</command>. (Again, remove the <command>$LFS_TGT-</command> prefix if coming back to this later.)
11 months ago
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<computeroutput>checking what assembler to use... /mnt/lfs/tools/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/bin/as
checking what linker to use... /mnt/lfs/tools/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/bin/ld</computeroutput>
11 months ago
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The next package installed is gcc. An example of what can be seen during its run of <command>configure</command> is:
11 months ago
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Binutils installs its assembler and linker in two locations, <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools/bin</filename> and <filename class="directory">$LFS/tools/$LFS_TGT/bin</filename>. The tools in one location are hard linked to the other. An important facet of the linker is its library search order. Detailed information can be obtained from <command>ld</command> by passing it the <parameter>--verbose</parameter> flag. For example, <command>$LFS_TGT-ld --verbose | grep SEARCH</command> will illustrate the current search paths and their order. (Note that this example can be run as shown only while logged in as user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>. If you come back to this page later, replace <command>$LFS_TGT-ld</command> with <command>ld</command>).
11 months ago
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