Linux From Scratch/chapter08_glibc — Chinese (Simplified) @ LFS Translation Server: By default, the dynamic loader (<filename class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through <filename …

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By default, the dynamic loader (<filename class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through <filename ~~class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename~~ class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in directories other than <filename ~~class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename~~ class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known to contain additional libraries are <filename class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the dynamic loader's search path.

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type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>

By default, the dynamic loader (<filename class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in directories other than <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known to contain additional libraries are <filename class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the dynamic loader's search path.

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	English	Chinese (Simplified)	Actions
	The meaning of the zic commands:	zic 命令的含义：
	<parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter>	<parameter>zic -L /dev/null ...</parameter>
	This creates posix time zones without any leap seconds. It is conventional to put these in both <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> and <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename>. It is necessary to put the POSIX time zones in <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>, otherwise various test suites will report errors. On an embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, you could save 1.9 MB by not using the <filename class="directory">posix</filename> directory, but some applications or test suites might produce some failures.	该命令创建没有闰秒的 POSIX 时区。一般的惯例是将它们安装在 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo/posix</filename> 两个目录中。必须将 POSIX 时区安装到 <filename class="directory">zoneinfo</filename>，否则若干测试套件会报告错误。在嵌入式系统上，如果存储空间十分紧张，而且您永远不会更新时区信息，您可以不使用 <filename class="directory">posix</filename> 目录，以节约 1.9 MB，但个别程序或测试套件可能会失败。
	<parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter>	<parameter>zic -L leapseconds ...</parameter>
	This creates right time zones, including leap seconds. On an embedded system, where space is tight and you do not intend to ever update the time zones, or care about the correct time, you could save 1.9MB by omitting the <filename class="directory">right</filename> directory.	该命令创建正确的，包含闰秒的时区。在嵌入式系统上，如果存储空间十分紧张，而且您永远不会更新时区信息，也不关心系统时间是否正确，您可以跳过 <filename class="directory">right</filename> 目录，以节约 1.9 MB。
	<parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter>	<parameter>zic ... -p ...</parameter>
	This creates the <filename>posixrules</filename> file. We use New York because POSIX requires the daylight saving time rules to be in accordance with US rules.	该命令创建 <filename>posixrule</filename> 文件。我们使用纽约时区，因为 POSIX 要求与美国一致的夏令时规则。
	One way to determine the local time zone is to run the following script:	一种确定本地时区的方法是运行脚本：
	<userinput>tzselect</userinput>	<userinput>tzselect</userinput>
	After answering a few questions about the location, the script will output the name of the time zone (e.g., <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible time zones listed in <filename class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that are not identified by the script but can be used.	在回答关于当前位置的若干问题后，脚本会输出对应时区的名字 (例如<emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>)。在 <filename class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> 中还有一些该脚本不能识别，但可以使用的时区，如 <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> 或者 <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis>。
	Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by running:	确定时区后，执行以下命令，创建 <filename>/etc/localtime</filename>：
	<userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable><xxx></replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput>	<userinput>ln -sfv /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable><xxx></replaceable> /etc/localtime</userinput>
	Replace <replaceable><xxx></replaceable> with the name of the time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).	将 <replaceable><xxx></replaceable> 替换成选定时区的名称 (例如 Canada/Eastern)。
	Configuring the Dynamic Loader	配置动态加载器
	/etc/ld.so.conf	/etc/ld.so.conf
	By default, the dynamic loader (<filename class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in directories other than <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known to contain additional libraries are <filename class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the dynamic loader's search path.	默认情况下，动态加载器 (<filename class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) 在 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> 中搜索程序运行时需要的动态库。然而，如果在除了 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> 以外的其他目录中有动态库，为了使动态加载器能够找到它们，需要把这些目录添加到文件 <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> 中。有两个目录 <filename class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/opt/lib</filename> 经常包含附加的共享库，所以现在将它们添加到动态加载器的搜索目录中。
	Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the following:	运行以下命令，创建一个新的 <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>：
	<userinput>cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" <literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf /usr/local/lib /opt/lib </literal> EOF</userinput>	<userinput>cat > /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" <literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf /usr/local/lib /opt/lib </literal> EOF</userinput>
	If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and include the contents of files found there. Generally the files in this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path. To add this capability run the following commands:	如果希望的话，动态加载器也可以搜索一个目录，并将其中的文件包含在 ld.so.conf 中。通常包含文件目录中的文件只有一行，指定一个期望的库文件目录。如果需要这项功能，执行以下命令：
	<userinput>cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" <literal># Add an include directory include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf </literal> EOF mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput>	<userinput>cat >> /etc/ld.so.conf << "EOF" <literal># Add an include directory include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf </literal> EOF mkdir -pv /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput>
	Contents of Glibc	Glibc 的内容
	Installed programs	安装的程序
	Installed libraries	安装的库
	Installed directories	安装的目录
	gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, ld.so (symlink to ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 or ld-linux.so.2), locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump, and zic	catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump, 以及 zic
	ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, ld-linux.so.2, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libanl.{a,so}, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libc_malloc_debug.so, libdl.{a,so.2}, libg.a, libm.{a,so}, libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.so.1, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so.0}, libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so.1}, libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so.1}	ld-&glibc-version;.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so}, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libm.{a,so}, libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libmvec.{a,so}, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so, libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so}, libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librt.{a,so}, libthread_db.so, 以及 libutil.{a,so}
	/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu, /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk, /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet, /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket, /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs, /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale, /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo, and /var/lib/nss_db	/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu, /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk, /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet, /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket, /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs, /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/audit, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/locale, /usr/libexec/getconf, /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo, /var/cache/nscd, 以及 /var/lib/nss_db
	Short Descriptions	简要描述
	<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?> <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
	<command>gencat</command>	<command>gencat</command>
	Generates message catalogues	生成消息目录

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默认情况下，动态加载器 (<filename class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) 在 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> 中搜索程序运行时需要的动态库。然而，如果在除了 <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> 以外的其他目录中有动态库，为了使动态加载器能够找到它们，需要把这些目录添加到文件 <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> 中。有两个目录 <filename class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> 和 <filename class="directory">/opt/lib</filename> 经常包含附加的共享库，所以现在将它们添加到动态加载器的搜索目录中。

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