Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
/etc/profile
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Some environment variables are necessary for native language support. Setting them properly results in:
下面将创建的 <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> 设定本地语言支持需要的若干环境变量，正确设定它们可以带来以下好处：
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Replace <replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;</replaceable> below with the two-letter code for your desired language (e.g., <literal>en</literal>) and <replaceable>&lt;CC&gt;</replaceable> with the two-letter code for the appropriate country (e.g., <literal>GB</literal>). <replaceable>&lt;charmap&gt;</replaceable> should be replaced with the canonical charmap for your chosen locale. Optional modifiers such as <literal>@euro</literal> may also be present.
将下面的 <replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;</replaceable> 替换为所需语言的双字符代号 (例如<quote>en</quote>)，<replaceable>&lt;CC&gt;</replaceable> 替换为国家或地区的双字符代号 (例如<quote>GB</quote>)，<replaceable>&lt;charmap&gt;</replaceable> 替换为您选定的 locale 的标准字符映射。另外，还可以加入 <quote>@euro</quote> 等可选修饰符。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Charmaps can have a number of aliases, e.g., <literal>ISO-8859-1</literal> is also referred to as <literal>iso8859-1</literal> and <literal>iso88591</literal>. Some applications cannot handle the various synonyms correctly (e.g., require that <literal>UTF-8</literal> is written as <literal>UTF-8</literal>, not <literal>utf8</literal>), so it is the safest in most cases to choose the canonical name for a particular locale. To determine the canonical name, run the following command, where <replaceable>&lt;locale name&gt;</replaceable> is the output given by <command>locale -a</command> for your preferred locale (<literal>en_GB.iso88591</literal> in our example).
字符映射可能有多个别名，例如<quote>ISO-8859-1</quote>也可以称为<quote>iso8859-1</quote>或者<quote>iso88591</quote>。某些程序不能正确处理一些别名 (例如，<quote>UTF-8</quote>必须写作<quote>UTF-8</quote>才能识别，而不能识别<quote>utf8</quote>)，因此在多数情况下，为了保险起见，最好使用 locale 的规范名称。为了确定规范名称，执行以下命令，将 <replaceable>&lt;locale 名&gt;</replaceable> 替换成 <command>locale -a</command> 对于您希望的 locale 的输出 (以<quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote>为例)。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
For the <literal>en_GB.iso88591</literal> locale, the above command will print:
对于<quote>en_GB.iso88591</quote>locale，以上命令输出：
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
This results in a final locale setting of <literal>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</literal>. It is important that the locale found using the heuristic above is tested prior to it being added to the Bash startup files:
这样就最终确定 locale 应设置为<quote>en_GB.ISO-8859-1</quote>。在将以上启发方法获得的 locale 添加到 Bash 启动文件之前，一定要进行下列测试：
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The above commands should print the language name, the character encoding used by the locale, the local currency, and the prefix to dial before the telephone number in order to get into the country. If any of the commands above fail with a message similar to the one shown below, this means that your locale was either not installed in Chapter&nbsp;8 or is not supported by the default installation of Glibc.
以上命令应该输出语言名称，选定 locale 使用的字符编码，本地货币符号，以及所在国家或地区的国际电话区号。如果以上某个命令失败并输出类似下面这样的消息，意味着您的 locale 在第 6 章中没有安装，或者不被 Glibc 的默认安装支持。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The shell program <command>/bin/bash</command> (here after referred as <quote>the shell</quote>) uses a collection of startup files to help create the environment to run in. Each file has a specific use and may affect login and interactive environments differently. The files in the <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> directory provide global settings. If equivalent files exist in the home directory, they may override the global settings.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
An interactive login shell is started after a successful login, using <command>/bin/login</command>, by reading the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. An interactive non-login shell is started at the command-line (e.g. <prompt>[prompt]$</prompt><command>/bin/bash</command>). A non-interactive shell is usually present when a shell script is running. It is non-interactive because it is processing a script and not waiting for user input between commands.
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<phrase revision='systemd'>The login shells are often unaffected by the settings in <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename>. </phrase>Create the <filename>/etc/profile</filename> <phrase revision='sysv'>once the proper locale settings have been determined to set the desired locale</phrase><phrase revision='systemd'>to read the locale settings from <filename>/etc/locale.conf</filename> and export them</phrase>, but set the <literal>C.UTF-8</literal> locale instead if running in the Linux console (to prevent programs from outputting characters that the Linux console is unable to render):
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/profile &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/profile

for i in $(locale); do
unset ${i%=*}
done

if [[ "$TERM" = linux ]]; then
export LANG=C.UTF-8
else
source /etc/locale.conf

for i in $(locale); do
key=${i%=*}
if [[ -v $key ]]; then
export $key
fi
done
fi

# End /etc/profile</literal>
EOF</userinput>
 
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/profile &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal># Begin /etc/profile

for i in $(locale); do
unset ${i%=*}
done

if [[ "$TERM" = linux ]]; then
export LANG=C.UTF-8
else
export LANG=<replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;_&lt;CC&gt;.&lt;charmap&gt;&lt;@modifiers&gt;</replaceable>
fi

# End /etc/profile</literal>
EOF</userinput>
<userinput>cat &gt; /etc/locale.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
<literal>LANG=<replaceable>&lt;ll&gt;_&lt;CC&gt;.&lt;charmap&gt;&lt;@modifiers&gt;</replaceable></literal>
EOF</userinput>
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Please note that the <command>localectl</command> command doesn't work in the chroot environment. It can only be used after the LFS system is booted with systemd.
请注意 <command>localectl</command> 只能在使用 systemd 引导的系统中使用。
Linux From Scratch/chapter09_locale — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <literal>C</literal> (default) and <literal>en_US</literal> (the recommended one for United States English users) locales are different. <literal>C</literal> uses the US-ASCII 7-bit character set, and treats bytes with the high bit set as invalid characters. That's why, e.g., the <command>ls</command> command substitutes them with question marks in that locale. Also, an attempt to send mail with such characters from Mutt or Pine results in non-RFC-conforming messages being sent (the charset in the outgoing mail is indicated as <computeroutput>unknown 8-bit</computeroutput>). It's suggested that you use the <literal>C</literal> locale only if you are certain that you will never need 8-bit characters.
<quote>C</quote> (默认 locale) 和<quote>en_US</quote>(推荐美式英语用户使用的 locale) 是不同的。<quote>C</quote> locale 使用 US-ASCII 7 位字符集，并且将最高位为 1 的字节视为无效字符。因此，<command>ls</command> 等命令会将它们替换为问号。另外，如果试图用 Mutt 或 Pine 发送包含这些字符的邮件，会发出不符合 RFC 标准的消息 (发出邮件的字符集会被标为<quote>未知 8 位</quote>)。因此，您只能在确信自己永远不会使用 8 位字符时才能使用<quote>C</quote> locale。