Translation Source string Target string
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter11_theend — Portuguese (Brazil)
/etc/lfs-release
/etc/lfs-release
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_introduction — Portuguese (Brazil)
This chapter shows how to build a cross-compiler and its associated tools. Although here cross-compilation is faked, the principles are the same as for a real cross-toolchain.
Este capítulo mostra como construir um compilador cruzado e as ferramentas associadas dele. Apesar de aqui a compilação cruzada ser falseada, os princípios são os mesmos que aqueles para um conjunto de ferramentas cruzado real.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_glibc — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>glibc</productname> <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>glibc</productname> <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_linux-headers — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>linux-headers</productname> <productnumber>&linux-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>linux-headers</productname> <productnumber>&linux-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_gcc-pass1 — Portuguese (Brazil)
&gcc-url;
&gcc-url;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_chapter05 — Portuguese (Brazil)
Compiling a Cross-Toolchain
Compilando um Conjunto de Ferramentas Cruzado
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_binutils-pass1 — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>binutils-pass1</productname> <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>binutils-pass1</productname> <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter03_packages — Portuguese (Brazil)
Read the <ulink url='&secadv;'>security advisories</ulink> before downloading packages to figure out if a newer version of any package should be used to avoid security vulnerabilities.
Leia os <ulink url='&secadv;'>avisos de segurança</ulink> antes de transferir os pacotes para descobrir se uma versão mais nova de qualquer pacote deveria ser usada para evitar vulnerabilidades de segurança.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter03_introduction — Portuguese (Brazil)
This chapter includes a list of packages that need to be downloaded in order to build a basic Linux system. The listed version numbers correspond to versions of the software that are known to work, and this book is based on their use. We highly recommend against using different versions, because the build commands for one version may not work with a different version, unless the different version is specified by an LFS erratum or security advisory. The newest package versions may also have problems that require work-arounds. These work-arounds will be developed and stabilized in the development version of the book.
Este capítulo inclui uma lista de pacotes que precisam ser baixados para a finalidade de construir um sistema Linux básico. Os números de versão listados correspondem a versões dos aplicativos que são conhecidos por funcionar e este livro é baseado no uso deles. Nós recomendamos veementemente contra o uso de versões diferentes, pois os comandos de construção para uma versão possivelmente não funcionem com uma versão diferente, a menos que a versão diferente seja especificada por uma errata do LFS ou conselho de segurança. As versões mais novas de pacote possivelmente também tenham problemas que exijam contornos. Esses contornos serão desenvolvidos e estabilizados na versão de desenvolvimento do livro.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter03_chapter03 — Portuguese (Brazil)
Packages and Patches
Pacotes e Remendos
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter03_patches — Portuguese (Brazil)
In addition to the packages, several patches are also required. These patches correct any mistakes in the packages that should be fixed by the maintainer. The patches also make small modifications to make the packages easier to work with. The following patches will be needed to build an LFS system:
Adicionalmente aos pacotes, vários remendos também são exigidos. Esses remendos corrigem alguns erros nos pacotes que deveriam ser consertados pelo(a) Mantenedor(a). Os remendos também fazem pequenas modificações para tornar os pacotes mais fáceis de se trabalhar. Os seguintes remendos serão necessários para construir um sistema LFS:
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_how — Portuguese (Brazil)
The LFS system will be built by using an already installed Linux distribution (such as Debian, OpenMandriva, Fedora, or openSUSE). This existing Linux system (the host) will be used as a starting point to provide necessary programs, including a compiler, linker, and shell, to build the new system. Select the <quote>development</quote> option during the distribution installation to include these tools.
O sistema LFS será construído usando uma distribuição Linux já instalada (tal como Debian; o OpenMandriva; Fedora ou openSUSE). Esse sistema Linux existente (o anfitrião) será usado como um ponto de partida para fornecer os aplicativos necessários, incluindo um compilador, um vinculador e um shell para construir o novo sistema. Selecione a opção <quote>desenvolvimento</quote> durante a instalação da distribuição para incluir essas ferramentas.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_changelog — Portuguese (Brazil)
This is version &version; of the Linux From Scratch book, dated &releasedate;. If this book is more than six months old, a newer and better version is probably already available. To find out, please check one of the mirrors via <ulink url="&lfs-root;mirrors.html"/>.
Esta é a versão &version; do livro Linux From Scratch, datada de &releasedate;. Se este livro for mais antigo que seis meses, [então] uma versão mais nova e melhor provavelmente já está disponível. Para descobrir, por favor verifique um dos espelhos via <ulink url="&lfs-root;mirrors.html"/>.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_whatsnew — Portuguese (Brazil)
In the 11.3 release, <parameter>--enable-default-pie</parameter> and <parameter>--enable-default-ssp</parameter> are enabled for GCC. These techniques can mitigate some malicious attacks, but they do not provide perfect security. Note that some textbooks assume these options are disabled, so that if you run examples from such a textbook on an LFS system, you may need to disable PIE and SSP with the GCC options <parameter>-fno-pie -no-pie -fno-stack-protection</parameter>.
No lançamento 11.3, <parameter>--enable-default-pie</parameter> e <parameter>--enable-default-ssp</parameter> são habilitados para o GCC. Essas técnicas conseguem mitigar alguns ataques maliciosos, porém elas não fornecem segurança perfeita. Observe que alguns textos de livros assumem que essas opções estão desabilitadas, de forma que, se executar exemplos oriundos de tal texto de livro, você possivelmente precise desabilitar PIE e SSP com as opções do GCC <parameter>-fno-pie -no-pie -fno-stack-protection</parameter>.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_askforhelp — Portuguese (Brazil)
If an issue or a question is encountered while working through this book, please check the FAQ page at <ulink url="&faq-root;#generalfaq"/>. Questions are often already answered there. If your question is not answered on that page, try to find the source of the problem. The following hint will give you some guidance for troubleshooting: <ulink url="&hints-root;errors.txt"/>.
Se um problema ou uma pergunta for encontrado durante o trabalho ao longo deste livro, [então], por favor, verifique a página de Perguntas Frequentes em <ulink url="&faq-root;#generalfaq"/>. Perguntas frequentemente já estão respondidas lá. Se sua pergunta não estiver respondida nessa página, [então], por favor, tente encontrar a origem do problema. A dica seguinte te dará alguma orientação com relação à resolução de problemas: <ulink url="&hints-root;errors.txt"/>.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_chapter01 — Portuguese (Brazil)
Introduction
Introdução
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter01_resources — Portuguese (Brazil)
FAQ
Perguntas Frequentes
Linux From Scratch 11.3/part3intro_introduction — Portuguese (Brazil)
This part is divided into three stages: first, building a cross compiler and its associated libraries; second, using this cross toolchain to build several utilities in a way that isolates them from the host distribution; and third, entering the chroot environment (which further improves host isolation) and constructing the remaining tools needed to build the final system.
Esta parte é dividida em três estágios: primeiro construir um compilador cruzado e suas bibliotecas associadas; segundo, usar esse conjunto de ferramentas cruzado para construir vários utilitários de uma forma que os isola da distribuição anfitriã; terceiro, entrar no ambiente chroot (o qual melhora ainda mais o isolamento do anfitrião) e construir as ferramentas restantes necessárias para construir o sistema final.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/part3intro_generalinstructions — Portuguese (Brazil)
Here are some things you should know about building each package:
Aqui estão algumas coisas que você deveria saber a respeito de construir cada pacote:
Linux From Scratch 11.3/part3intro_toolchaintechnotes — Portuguese (Brazil)
This section explains some of the rationale and technical details behind the overall build method. Don't try to immediately understand everything in this section. Most of this information will be clearer after performing an actual build. Come back and re-read this chapter at any time during the build process.
Esta seção explica algumas das razões e detalhes técnicos por trás do método completo de construção. Não tente imediatamente entender tudo nesta seção. A maior parte desta informação ficará mais clara depois de realizar uma construção atual. Volte e releia este capítulo a qualquer tempo durante o processo de construção.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_libffi — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>libffi</productname> <productnumber>&libffi-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>libffi</productname> <productnumber>&libffi-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_glibc — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>glibc</productname> <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>glibc</productname> <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_mpfr — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>mpfr</productname> <productnumber>&mpfr-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>mpfr</productname> <productnumber>&mpfr-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_bash — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>bash</productname> <productnumber>&bash-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>bash</productname> <productnumber>&bash-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_stripping — Portuguese (Brazil)
This section is optional. If the intended user is not a programmer and does not plan to do any debugging of the system software, the system's size can be decreased by some 2 GB by removing the debugging symbols, and some unnecessary symbol table entries, from binaries and libraries. This causes no real inconvenience for a typical Linux user.
Esta seção é opcional. Se o(a) pretenso(a) usuário(a) não for um(a) programador(a) e não planeja fazer qualquer depuração do software do sistema, [então] o tamanho do sistema pode ser reduzido em cerca de 2 GB removendo-se os símbolos de depuração, e algumas entradas desnecessárias da tabela de símbolo, de binários e de bibliotecas. Isso não causa nenhum inconveniente real para um(a) usuário(a) típico(a) do Linux.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_binutils — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>binutils</productname> <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>binutils</productname> <productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_systemd — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>systemd</productname> <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>systemd</productname> <productnumber>&systemd-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter08_libelf — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>libelf</productname> <productnumber>&elfutils-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>libelf</productname> <productnumber>&elfutils-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter06_gcc-pass2 — Portuguese (Brazil)
&gcc-url;
&gcc-url;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_libstdc__ — English
<productname>gcc-libstdc++</productname> <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>gcc-libstdc++</productname> <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_libstdc__ — French
<productname>gcc-libstdc++</productname> <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>gcc-libstdc++</productname> <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_libstdc__ — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<productname>gcc-libstdc++</productname> <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>gcc-libstdc++</productname> <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter05_libstdc__ — Portuguese (Brazil)
<productname>gcc-libstdc++</productname> <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
<productname>gcc-libstdc++</productname> <productnumber>&gcc-version;</productnumber> <placeholder type="address" id="0"/>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/index — English
Building the LFS Cross Toolchain and Temporary Tools
Building the LFS Cross Toolchain and Temporary Tools
Linux From Scratch 11.3/index — French
Building the LFS Cross Toolchain and Temporary Tools
Construction des outils croisés LFS et des outils temporaires
Linux From Scratch 11.3/index — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Building the LFS Cross Toolchain and Temporary Tools
构建 LFS 交叉工具链和临时工具
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_stages — English
Chapters&nbsp;1&ndash;4
Chapters&nbsp;1&ndash;4
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_stages — French
Chapters&nbsp;1&ndash;4
Chapitres&nbsp;1 à 4
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_stages — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Chapters&nbsp;1&ndash;4
第 1&ndash;4 章
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_hostreqs — English
The LFS editors recommend that the system CPU have at least four cores and that the system have at least 8 GB of memory. Older systems that do not meet these requirements will still work, but the time to build packages will be significantly longer than documented.
The LFS editors recommend that the system CPU have at least four cores and that the system have at least 8 GB of memory. Older systems that do not meet these requirements will still work, but the time to build packages will be significantly longer than documented.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_hostreqs — French
The LFS editors recommend that the system CPU have at least four cores and that the system have at least 8 GB of memory. Older systems that do not meet these requirements will still work, but the time to build packages will be significantly longer than documented.
Les éditeurs de LFS recommandent d'avoir un CPU avec au moins 4 cœurs et un système avec au moins 8 Go de mémoire. Les systèmes plus vieux qui n'atteignent pas ces prérequis fonctionneront quand même mais le temps de construction des paquets sera bien plus long que ce qui est documenté.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_mounting — English
Strictly speaking, one cannot "mount a partition". One mounts the <emphasis>file system</emphasis> embedded in that partition. But since a single partition can't contain more than one file system, people often speak of the partition and the associated file system as if they were one and the same.
Strictly speaking, one cannot "mount a partition". One mounts the <emphasis>file system</emphasis> embedded in that partition. But since a single partition can't contain more than one file system, people often speak of the partition and the associated file system as if they were one and the same.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_mounting — French
Strictly speaking, one cannot "mount a partition". One mounts the <emphasis>file system</emphasis> embedded in that partition. But since a single partition can't contain more than one file system, people often speak of the partition and the associated file system as if they were one and the same.
On ne peut pas «&nbsp;monter une partition&nbsp;» à proprement parler. On monte le <emphasis>système de fichiers</emphasis> intégré à cette partition. Mais comme une partition seule ne peut pas contenir plus d’un système de fichiers, la partition et le système de fichiers associé sont souvent considérés comme une seule et même entité.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — English
A minimal system requires a partition of around 10 gigabytes (GB). This is enough to store all the source tarballs and compile the packages. However, if the LFS system is intended to be the primary Linux system, additional software will probably be installed which will require additional space. A 30 GB partition is a reasonable size to provide for growth. The LFS system itself will not take up this much room. A large portion of this requirement is to provide sufficient free temporary storage as well as for adding additional capabilities after LFS is complete. Additionally, compiling packages can require a lot of disk space which will be reclaimed after the package is installed.
A minimal system requires a partition of around 10 gigabytes (GB). This is enough to store all the source tarballs and compile the packages. However, if the LFS system is intended to be the primary Linux system, additional software will probably be installed which will require additional space. A 30 GB partition is a reasonable size to provide for growth. The LFS system itself will not take up this much room. A large portion of this requirement is to provide sufficient free temporary storage as well as for adding additional capabilities after LFS is complete. Additionally, compiling packages can require a lot of disk space which will be reclaimed after the package is installed.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — French
A minimal system requires a partition of around 10 gigabytes (GB). This is enough to store all the source tarballs and compile the packages. However, if the LFS system is intended to be the primary Linux system, additional software will probably be installed which will require additional space. A 30 GB partition is a reasonable size to provide for growth. The LFS system itself will not take up this much room. A large portion of this requirement is to provide sufficient free temporary storage as well as for adding additional capabilities after LFS is complete. Additionally, compiling packages can require a lot of disk space which will be reclaimed after the package is installed.
Un système minimal requiert une partition d'environ 10&nbsp;Go. Cet espace est suffisant pour conserver toutes les archives tar des sources et pour compiler tous les paquets. Néanmoins, si le système LFS a pour but d'être un système Linux primaire, des logiciels additionnels seront probablement installés et nécessiteront de l’espace supplémentaire. Une partition de 30&nbsp;Go devrait suffire à garantir l’espace nécessaire à cette opération. Le système LFS en lui-même ne prendra pas tout cet espace. Une grande partie de cet espace servira à prévoir suffisamment d’espace temporaire libre ainsi qu’à accueillir des fonctionnalités supplémentaires une fois LFS terminé. De plus, la compilation des paquets peut demander beaucoup d'espace disque, qui sera récupéré après l'installation du paquet.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_creatingpartition — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
A minimal system requires a partition of around 10 gigabytes (GB). This is enough to store all the source tarballs and compile the packages. However, if the LFS system is intended to be the primary Linux system, additional software will probably be installed which will require additional space. A 30 GB partition is a reasonable size to provide for growth. The LFS system itself will not take up this much room. A large portion of this requirement is to provide sufficient free temporary storage as well as for adding additional capabilities after LFS is complete. Additionally, compiling packages can require a lot of disk space which will be reclaimed after the package is installed.
一个最小的系统需要大小约 10 吉字节 (GB) 的分区。这足够保存所有源代码压缩包，并且编译所有软件包。然而，如果希望用 LFS 作为日常的 Linux 系统，很可能需要安装额外软件，需要更多空间。一个 30 GB 的分区是比较合理的。LFS 系统本身用不了太多空间，但大分区可以提供足够的临时存储空间，以及在 LFS 构建完成后增添附加功能需要的空间。另外，编译软件包可能需要大量磁盘空间，但在软件包安装完成后可以回收这些空间。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_creatingfilesystem — English
LFS can use any file system recognized by the Linux kernel, but the most common types are ext3 and ext4. The choice of the right file system can be complex; it depends on the characteristics of the files and the size of the partition. For example:
LFS can use any file system recognized by the Linux kernel, but the most common types are ext3 and ext4. The choice of the right file system can be complex; it depends on the characteristics of the files and the size of the partition. For example:
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_creatingfilesystem — French
LFS can use any file system recognized by the Linux kernel, but the most common types are ext3 and ext4. The choice of the right file system can be complex; it depends on the characteristics of the files and the size of the partition. For example:
Maintenant qu'une partition vierge est prête, le système de fichiers peut être créé. LFS peut utiliser n'importe quel système de fichiers reconnu par le noyau Linux, mais les types ext3 et ext4 sont les plus communs. Le choix d'un système de fichiers peut être complexe et dépend des caractéristiques des fichiers et de la taille de la partition. Par exemple&nbsp;:
Linux From Scratch 11.3/appendices_acknowledgments — English
We would like to thank the following people and organizations for their contributions to the Linux From Scratch Project.
We would like to thank the following people and organizations for their contributions to the Linux From Scratch Project.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/appendices_acknowledgments — French
We would like to thank the following people and organizations for their contributions to the Linux From Scratch Project.
Nous aimerions remercier les personnes et organisations suivantes pour leurs contributions au projet Linux From Scratch.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/appendices_acknowledgments — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
We would like to thank the following people and organizations for their contributions to the Linux From Scratch Project.
我们希望感谢以下人员和组织对 Linux From Scratch 项目作出的贡献：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_aboutlfs — English
<userinput>export LFS=<replaceable>/mnt/lfs</replaceable></userinput>
<userinput>export LFS=<replaceable>/mnt/lfs</replaceable></userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_aboutlfs — French
<userinput>export LFS=<replaceable>/mnt/lfs</replaceable></userinput>
<userinput>export LFS=<replaceable>/mnt/lfs</replaceable></userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter02_aboutlfs — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
<userinput>export LFS=<replaceable>/mnt/lfs</replaceable></userinput>
<userinput>export LFS=<replaceable>/mnt/lfs</replaceable></userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_createfiles — English
/etc/group
/etc/group
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_createfiles — French
/etc/group
/etc/group
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_createfiles — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
/etc/group
/etc/group
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_texinfo — English
Texinfo-&texinfo-version;
Texinfo-&texinfo-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_texinfo — French
Texinfo-&texinfo-version;
Texinfo-&texinfo-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_texinfo — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Texinfo-&texinfo-version;
Texinfo-&texinfo-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_kernfs — English
Applications running in userspace utilize various file systems created by the kernel to communicate with the kernel itself. These file systems are virtual: no disk space is used for them. The content of these file systems resides in memory. These file systems must be mounted in the $LFS directory tree so the applications can find them in the chroot environment.
Applications running in userspace utilize various file systems created by the kernel to communicate with the kernel itself. These file systems are virtual: no disk space is used for them. The content of these file systems resides in memory. These file systems must be mounted in the $LFS directory tree so the applications can find them in the chroot environment.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_kernfs — French
Applications running in userspace utilize various file systems created by the kernel to communicate with the kernel itself. These file systems are virtual: no disk space is used for them. The content of these file systems resides in memory. These file systems must be mounted in the $LFS directory tree so the applications can find them in the chroot environment.
Les applications qui tournent en espace utilisateur utilisent différents systèmes de fichiers créés par le noyau pour communiquer avec le noyau lui-même. Ces systèmes de fichiers sont virtuels du fait qu'ils n’utilisent aucun espace disque. Le contenu de ces systèmes de fichiers réside en mémoire. Ces systèmes de fichiers doivent être montés dans l’arborescence de $LFS pour que les applications puissent les trouver dans l’environnement chroot.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_util-linux — English
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_util-linux — French
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_util-linux — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Util-linux-&util-linux-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_introduction — English
For proper operation of the isolated environment, some communication with the running kernel must be established. This is done via the so-called <emphasis>Virtual Kernel File Systems</emphasis>, which will be mounted before entering the chroot environment. You may want to verify that they are mounted by issuing the <command>findmnt</command> command.
For proper operation of the isolated environment, some communication with the running kernel must be established. This is done via the so-called <emphasis>Virtual Kernel File Systems</emphasis>, which will be mounted before entering the chroot environment. You may want to verify that they are mounted by issuing the <command>findmnt</command> command.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_introduction — French
For proper operation of the isolated environment, some communication with the running kernel must be established. This is done via the so-called <emphasis>Virtual Kernel File Systems</emphasis>, which will be mounted before entering the chroot environment. You may want to verify that they are mounted by issuing the <command>findmnt</command> command.
Pour faire fonctionner correctement l'environnement isolé, il faut établir la communication avec le noyau à travers ce qu’on appelle les <emphasis>Virtual Kernel File Systems</emphasis>. Ceux-ci seront montés avant d’entrer dans l'environnement chroot. Pour vérifier qu'ils sont bien montés, exécutez la commande <command>findmnt</command>.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — English
First, remove the currently installed documentation files to prevent them from ending up in the final system, and to save about 35 MB:
First, remove the currently installed documentation files to prevent them from ending up in the final system, and to save about 35 MB:
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_cleanup — French
First, remove the currently installed documentation files to prevent them from ending up in the final system, and to save about 35 MB:
Tout d'abord, supprimez la documentation actuellement installée pour éviter qu'elle ne se retrouve sur le système final, et pour récupérer environ 35&nbsp;Mo&nbsp;:
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_perl — English
Perl-&perl-version;
Perl-&perl-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_perl — French
Perl-&perl-version;
Perl-&perl-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_perl — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Perl-&perl-version;
Perl-&perl-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_chroot — English
<userinput>chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login</userinput>
<userinput>chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_chroot — French
<userinput>chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login</userinput>
<userinput>chroot "$LFS" /usr/bin/env -i \
HOME=/root \
TERM="$TERM" \
PS1='(lfs chroot) \u:\w\$ ' \
PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin \
/bin/bash --login</userinput>
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_creatingdirs — English
Some of the directories mentioned in this section may have already been created earlier with explicit instructions, or when installing some packages. They are repeated below for completeness.
Some of the directories mentioned in this section may have already been created earlier with explicit instructions, or when installing some packages. They are repeated below for completeness.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_creatingdirs — French
Some of the directories mentioned in this section may have already been created earlier with explicit instructions, or when installing some packages. They are repeated below for completeness.
Certains des répertoires suivants ont déjà été créés plus tôt avec des instructions explicites ou lors de l'installation de certains paquets. Ils sont répétés ici par souci d'exhaustivité.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_gettext — English
Gettext-&gettext-version;
Gettext-&gettext-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_gettext — French
Gettext-&gettext-version;
Gettext-&gettext-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_gettext — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Gettext-&gettext-version;
Gettext-&gettext-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_changingowner — English
Currently, the whole directory hierarchy in <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> is owned by the user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, a user that exists only on the host system. If the directories and files under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> are kept as they are, they will be owned by a user ID without a corresponding account. This is dangerous because a user account created later could get this same user ID and would own all the files under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename>, thus exposing these files to possible malicious manipulation.
Currently, the whole directory hierarchy in <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> is owned by the user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, a user that exists only on the host system. If the directories and files under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> are kept as they are, they will be owned by a user ID without a corresponding account. This is dangerous because a user account created later could get this same user ID and would own all the files under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename>, thus exposing these files to possible malicious manipulation.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_changingowner — French
Currently, the whole directory hierarchy in <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> is owned by the user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, a user that exists only on the host system. If the directories and files under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> are kept as they are, they will be owned by a user ID without a corresponding account. This is dangerous because a user account created later could get this same user ID and would own all the files under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename>, thus exposing these files to possible malicious manipulation.
actuelement, la hiérarchie complète des répertoires de <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> appartient à l'utilisateur <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, un utilisateur qui n'existe que sur le système hôte. Si les répertoires et les fichiers dans <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> sont conservés ainsi, ils appartiendront à un ID utilisateur sans compte correspondant. C'est dangereux car un compte utilisateur créé plus tard pourrait se voir attribuer ce même ID utilisateur et être propriétaire de tous les fichiers du répertoire <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename>, ce qui exposerait alors ces fichiers à de possibles manipulations malveillantes.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_changingowner — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Currently, the whole directory hierarchy in <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> is owned by the user <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>, a user that exists only on the host system. If the directories and files under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> are kept as they are, they will be owned by a user ID without a corresponding account. This is dangerous because a user account created later could get this same user ID and would own all the files under <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename>, thus exposing these files to possible malicious manipulation.
目前，<filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> 中整个目录树的所有者都是 <systemitem class="username">lfs</systemitem>，这个用户只在宿主系统存在。如果不改变 <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> 中文件和目录的所有权，它们会被一个没有对应账户的用户 ID 所有。这是危险的，因为后续创建的新用户可能获得这个用户 ID，并成为 <filename class="directory">$LFS</filename> 中全部文件的所有者，从而产生恶意操作这些文件的可能。
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_python — English
Python-&python-version;
Python-&python-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_python — French
Python-&python-version;
Python-&python-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_python — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Python-&python-version;
Python-&python-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_bison — English
Bison-&bison-version;
Bison-&bison-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_bison — French
Bison-&bison-version;
Bison-&bison-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter07_bison — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Bison-&bison-version;
Bison-&bison-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_grub — English
Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_grub — French
Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
Utiliser GRUB pour paramétrer le processus de démarrage
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_grub — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Using GRUB to Set Up the Boot Process
使用 GRUB 设定引导过程
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_kernel — English
Linux-&linux-version;
Linux-&linux-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_kernel — French
Linux-&linux-version;
Linux-&linux-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_kernel — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Linux-&linux-version;
Linux-&linux-version;
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_fstab — English
The <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file is used by some programs to determine where file systems are to be mounted by default, in which order, and which must be checked (for integrity errors) prior to mounting. Create a new file systems table like this:
The <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file is used by some programs to determine where file systems are to be mounted by default, in which order, and which must be checked (for integrity errors) prior to mounting. Create a new file systems table like this:
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_fstab — French
The <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file is used by some programs to determine where file systems are to be mounted by default, in which order, and which must be checked (for integrity errors) prior to mounting. Create a new file systems table like this:
Le fichier <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> est utilisé par quelques programmes pour déterminer les systèmes de fichiers à monter par défaut, dans quel ordre, et lesquels doivent être vérifiés (recherche d'erreurs d'intégrité) avant le montage. Créez une nouvelle table des systèmes de fichiers comme ceci&nbsp;:
Linux From Scratch 11.3/chapter10_fstab — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
The <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file is used by some programs to determine where file systems are to be mounted by default, in which order, and which must be checked (for integrity errors) prior to mounting. Create a new file systems table like this:
一些程序使用 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 文件，以确定哪些文件系统是默认挂载的，和它们应该按什么顺序挂载，以及哪些文件系统在挂载前必须被检查 (确定是否有完整性错误)。参考以下命令，创建一个新的文件系统表：
Linux From Scratch 11.3/appendices_dependencies — English
Every package built in LFS relies on one or more other packages in order to build and install properly. Some packages even participate in circular dependencies, that is, the first package depends on the second which in turn depends on the first. Because of these dependencies, the order in which packages are built in LFS is very important. The purpose of this page is to document the dependencies of each package built in LFS.
Every package built in LFS relies on one or more other packages in order to build and install properly. Some packages even participate in circular dependencies, that is, the first package depends on the second which in turn depends on the first. Because of these dependencies, the order in which packages are built in LFS is very important. The purpose of this page is to document the dependencies of each package built in LFS.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/appendices_dependencies — French
Every package built in LFS relies on one or more other packages in order to build and install properly. Some packages even participate in circular dependencies, that is, the first package depends on the second which in turn depends on the first. Because of these dependencies, the order in which packages are built in LFS is very important. The purpose of this page is to document the dependencies of each package built in LFS.
La bonne compilation et la bonne installation de chaque paquet compilé dans LFS dépend d'un ou de plusieurs autres paquets. Certains paquets participent même aux dépendances circulaires, c'est-à-dire que le premier paquet dépend du second qui dépend à son tour du premier. À cause de ces dépendances, l'ordre dans lequel les paquets sont compilés dans LFS est très important. Le but de cette page est de documenter les dépendances de chaque paquet compilé dans LFS.
Linux From Scratch 11.3/appendices_dependencies — Chinese (Simplified Han script)
Every package built in LFS relies on one or more other packages in order to build and install properly. Some packages even participate in circular dependencies, that is, the first package depends on the second which in turn depends on the first. Because of these dependencies, the order in which packages are built in LFS is very important. The purpose of this page is to document the dependencies of each package built in LFS.
LFS 中构建的每个软件包都依赖于一个或多个其他软件包，才能正确地构建和安装。某些软件包甚至存在循环依赖，即第一个软件包依赖于第二个软件包，而第二个软件包反过来又依赖第一个。由于这些依赖关系的存在，在 LFS 中构建软件包的顺序非常关键。本页面的目的就是记录 LFS 中每个软件包构建时的依赖关系。